{ "name": "Data Center Census", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "updated": "2026-09-22", "projects": [ { "slug": "fermi-project-matador-carson-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fermi-project-matador-carson-county-tx", "name": "Fermi America Project Matador", "aka": [ "HyperGrid", "President Donald J. Trump Advanced Energy and Intelligence Campus" ], "city": "Amarillo", "county": "Carson County", "state": "TX", "lat": 35.2837621, "lng": -101.568974, "coordPrecision": "site", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Site work and gas turbine deliveries underway; as of April 2026 Cleanview reported no data center buildings begun", "developer": "Fermi America", "endUsers": [ "TensorWave" ], "summary": "Fermi America plans a private-power AI campus on Texas Tech University System land northeast of Amarillo. The company says it will use 17 GW of power from natural gas, four proposed AP1000 nuclear reactors, and solar plus batteries. The project lost a prospective tenant in December 2025 and replaced its CEO in April 2026. In August 2026 it signed a $6.5 billion, 15-year lease with TensorWave for an initial 222 MW. The first gas turbines arrived in September 2026, and the NRC is reviewing the reactor license application.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 17000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company says 17 GW private power campus (earlier announced as 11 GW); ~6 GW permitted", "source": "s8" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 222, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial TensorWave lease; possible expansion past 650 MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 5800, "unit": "acres", "note": "per ABC 7 Amarillo; Fermi's website says ~8,400 acres", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas (3 Siemens SGT6-5000F turbines, up to 780 MW, delivered Sept 2026), four proposed Westinghouse AP1000 reactors, and solar plus battery storage", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2500000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "maximum Amarillo agreed to sell, at twice the industrial rate", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "City of Amarillo (municipal)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "TensorWave capacity delivered in phases starting 2H 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Southwestern Public Service Company (Xcel Energy)", "note": "86 MW starting January 2026, ramping to 200 MW, via SPS 115-kV transmission (company statement)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Xcel Energy's SPS subsidiary will begin delivering 86 MW of electrical capacity in January 2026, eventually ramping up to 200 MW." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Carson County tax abatement agreement in two parts: $3 per square foot for data centers and $2,500–$2,750 per megawatt for generation", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s10", "quote": "The abatement for the data centers is set at $3 per square foot" }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "each of 15 phases enters a 10-year abatement at commercial operation", "source": "s10", "quote": "that phase will go into a 10 year abatement agreement." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Fermi submits parts 1-2 of NRC Combined License Application for four AP1000 units", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "NRC completes acceptance review of the application", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Fermi raises $746M in IPO; land clearing begins", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Amarillo City Council votes 4-1 to sell up to 2.5M gallons/day of water", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Prospective tenant ends letter of intent after exclusivity expires; shares fall", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "event": "Fermi America announces electric service agreement with Southwestern Public Service Company for up to 200 MW", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Final TCEQ air permit secured", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-27", "event": "Fermi America files a second 5 GW clean air permit application with TCEQ", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "CEO Toby Neugebauer removed; CFO resigns", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "$6.5B, 15-year lease signed with TensorWave", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Three Siemens gas turbines arrive on site", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Class action filed January 2026 alleges the company overstated tenant demand (s4)", "Former CEO sued the company after his removal (s5)", "Construction about a year behind the IPO timeline, per Cleanview (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Fermi America Project Matador Advanced Energy and Intelligence Campus AP1000 Units 1-4, Combined License Application", "publisher": "U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://www.nrc.gov/reactors/new-reactors/large-lwr/col/fermi-energy-intel-campus", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "NRC accepts Fermi America's partial licence application", "publisher": "World Nuclear News", "url": "https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/nrc-accepts-fermi-americas-partial-licence-application", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Fermi share price craters as tenant pulls back from $150m Texas data center deal", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/fermi-share-price-craters-as-tenant-pulls-back-from-150m-texas-data-center-deal/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The World's Largest Data Center Is Running Into Trouble", "publisher": "Cleanview", "url": "https://cleanview.co/reports/fermi", "date": "2026-04", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Fermi signs $6.5 billion lease for 'world's largest data center' after months of turmoil", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/fermi-america-signs-six-point-five-billion-dollar-lease-for-worlds-largest-data-center-after-months-of-turmoil-tensorwave-amarillo-texas-carson-county-water-city-council-greg-abbott-audir", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Matador reaches new milestone with arrival of power generation equipment", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/newsletter-daily/project-matador-reaches-new-milestone-with-arrival-of-power-generation-equipment", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Fermi America Project Matador power station", "publisher": "Global Energy Monitor", "url": "https://www.gem.wiki/Fermi_America_Project_Matador_power_station", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Gigawatt Scale Power for Next-Gen AI", "publisher": "Fermi America", "url": "https://fermiamerica.com/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Fermi America Executes Electric Service Agreement with Southwestern Public Service Company, a Subsidiary of Xcel Energy, Securing Up to 200 MW of Power", "publisher": "Fermi America (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-executes-electric-service-agreement-with-southwestern-public-service-company-a-subsidiary-of-xcel-energy-securing-up-to-200-mw-of-power-302634443.html", "type": "company", "date": "2025-12-05" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Carson County approves tax abatement for Fermi America development", "publisher": "KFDA NewsChannel 10", "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/28/carson-county-approves-tax-abatement-fermi-america-development/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-27" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Fermi America Files Second Clean Air Permit Application with TCEQ for 5 GW of Additional Power for Its Project Matador Private Grid", "publisher": "Fermi America (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/fermi-america-files-second-clean-air-permit-application-with-tceq-for-5-gw-of-additional-power-for-its-project-matador-private-grid-302727777.html", "type": "company", "date": "2026-03-27" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "ports-pike-technology-campus-piketon-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/ports-pike-technology-campus-piketon-oh", "name": "PORTS-Pike Technology Campus", "aka": [ "PORTS Technology Campus", "SB Energy Piketon data center" ], "city": "Piketon", "county": "Pike County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.068, "lng": -83.0138, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking held March 2026; Ohio EPA wetlands/stream permit for private-land portion pending as of June 2026", "developer": "SB Energy (SoftBank Group)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "SB Energy, a SoftBank Group subsidiary, is developing a roughly 10 GW AI data center campus on federal land at the former Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant near Piketon, in partnership with the U.S. Department of Energy, alongside 9.2 GW of new natural gas generation. OpenAI announced in August 2026 that it will lease the campus for 20 years, with about 8 GW of IT capacity built out through 2032 and the first 800 MW expected in 2028. The developer has also filed permits covering about 1,016 acres of adjacent private farmland.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 10000, "unit": "MW", "note": "10 GW of data center development capacity per DOE", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 8000, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximately 8 GW-IT per OpenAI", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 800, "unit": "MW", "note": "first 800 MW expected available in 2028", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1016, "unit": "acres", "note": "private farmland north and east of the former A-plant, in addition to federal land; the Portsmouth site covers about 3,700 acres (s5)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "SB Energy's initial data center investment; $33.3 billion separately for 9.2 GW of gas generation", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 35000, "note": "at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 2500, "note": "long-term operating positions at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "At least 9.2 GW of new natural gas generation plus 765 kV transmission lines and four substations", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AEP Ohio (transmission partner)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$40 million community benefits agreement from SB Energy; OpenAI adds a $40 million community grant fund", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Six-year buildout through 2032", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "note": "PJM approval needed to connect the associated gas generation to the grid", "source": "s7", "quote": "Grid operator PJM Interconnection has to approve any projects added to the already backlogged grid; just this year, it is starting to review applications filed since 2022." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Groundbreaking ceremony held", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-20", "event": "DOE, SoftBank and SB Energy announce 10 GW data center campus and 9.2 GW gas generation at the Portsmouth site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "Permit filed with Ohio EPA covering wetlands and stream impacts on private land", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "OpenAI announces it has joined the project under a 20-year lease, with NVIDIA investing $1.5 billion", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about energy and water demand, backup generator air pollution, and effects on rural landscape (s4)", "Some residents have raised concerns about radioactive contamination from the former enrichment plant; local officials say the land is safe for industrial use (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "FACT SHEET: The Department of Energy is Ensuring Affordable Energy Access in Ohio While Powering the Future of AI", "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy", "url": "https://www.energy.gov/articles/fact-sheet-department-energy-ensuring-affordable-energy-access-ohio-while-powering-future", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Feds announce huge natural gas plant, data center project in southern Ohio", "publisher": "The Statehouse News Bureau", "url": "https://www.statenews.org/government-politics/2026-03-20/feds-announce-huge-natural-gas-plant-data-center-project-in-southern-ohio", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI joins PORTS-Pike project", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/openai-joins-ports-pike-project/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A company's plan for a massive data center complex in Pike County includes private land as well", "publisher": "WOUB Public Media", "url": "https://woub.org/2026/06/15/company-plan-massive-data-center-complex-pike-county-includes-private-land/", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Little talk of 'world's largest' data center planned for southern Ohio", "publisher": "The Ironton Tribune", "url": "https://irontontribune.com/2026/07/02/little-talk-of-worlds-largest-data-center-planned-for-southern-ohio/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Southern Ohio community embraces world's largest AI data center", "publisher": "WKRC Local 12", "url": "https://local12.com/news/investigates/southern-ohio-embrace-world-largest-artificial-intelligence-data-center-backlash-cincinnati-controversial", "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Trump deal for a $33B gas megaplant in Ohio faces huge hurdles", "publisher": "Ohio Capital Journal", "url": "https://ohiocapitaljournal.com/2026/03/24/trump-deal-for-a-33b-gas-megaplant-in-ohio-faces-huge-hurdles/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stratos-box-elder-county-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stratos-box-elder-county-ut", "name": "Stratos Project", "aka": [ "Stratos data center" ], "city": null, "county": "Box Elder County", "state": "UT", "lat": 41.51, "lng": -113.1, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "County consented to MIDA project area May 4, 2026; state water and air permits not yet filed as of May 2026 reporting; MIDA described as on 'pause' in July 2026; exempt from county's June 2026 moratorium", "developer": "O'Leary Digital", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A proposed hyperscale data center and on-site power generation campus in unincorporated Box Elder County, Utah, led by Kevin O'Leary's O'Leary Digital with Utah's Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA). May 2026 reporting described up to 9 GW of generation on about 40,000 acres; O'Leary said in June 2026 he would scale the project back, and later reporting cited roughly 20,000 acres. The county commission approved MIDA-related resolutions in May 2026, the county attorney rejected referendum petitions, and lawsuits by residents followed.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 9000, "unit": "MW", "note": "Up to 9 GW of generation reported in May 2026 (another report gave 7.5-9 GW total site capacity); developer said in June 2026 it would scale the project back", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 1100, "unit": "MW", "note": "Ten 100 MW data center buildings plus one additional 100 MW facility, per May 2026 renderings/plans", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 40000, "unit": "acres", "note": "Across three sites per May 2026 reporting; a June 17, 2026 report described approximately 20,000 acres after the developer announced reductions", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Self-contained natural gas generation isolated from Utah's grid, with battery storage and a 3,000-acre, 500 MW solar array planned", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Privately owned water rights; pending application for 11 acre-feet per year for power generation after an earlier 1,900 acre-foot application was withdrawn following public objection", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 2000, "note": "Projected job creation as reported; permanent vs. other not specified", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "MIDA-County Agreement 26-15: master developer to make three annual upfront payments of $5.4 million to the county, starting with the first building permit; MIDA to adjust its municipal energy tax so the county receives at least $10,000 per MW of installed generation capacity annually", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Master Developer shall make three annual Upfront Payments of $5,400,000.00 per year as described in this Section." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Project in a MIDA project area; MIDA imposes a Municipal Energy Sales and Use Tax of at least 0.5% on data center campuses", "source": "s9", "quote": "A Municipal Energy Sales and Use Tax (\"MET\") of at least 0.5% on Data Center Campuses with such adjustments as are necessary, as provided in Section 6(c)." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "No Notice of Intent submitted to Utah DEQ as of May 4, 2026; an Approval Order is required before construction", "source": "s10", "quote": "No Notice of Intent (NOI) has been submitted to date" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "MIDA announces plans for the Stratos Project", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-05-04", "event": "Box Elder County Commission unanimously approves two resolutions (MIDA interlocal agreement and consent to adding private land to project area) amid protests by roughly 1,100 attendees", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "County Attorney Stephen R. Hadfield rejects referendum applications, calling the resolutions administrative rather than legislative", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Referendum group BEAR sues in 1st District Court over referendum rejection; separate civil-rights suit filed by residents and Alliance for a Better Utah", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "event": "O'Leary tells Senate President J. Stuart Adams by letter he will scale back the project, saying it won't be 'the largest data center in the world'", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "event": "County adopts 180-day moratorium on new data centers and data center power plants; Stratos exempt because it falls under MIDA", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07-29", "event": "O'Leary says design is 'full steam ahead' and a water permit filing is expected by end of August; MIDA on 'pause' awaiting permit requests", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Box Elder Accountability Referendum (BEAR) v. Box Elder County", "court": "Utah First District Court", "filed": "2026-06-03", "status": "pending", "summary": "Referendum sponsors seek to overturn the county attorney's rejection of their referendum applications on the Stratos resolutions.", "source": "s11", "quote": "Attorneys for the Box Elder Accountability Referendum (B.E.A.R.) group filed that appeal on June 3 in the Utah First District Court here seeking to overturn the county's denial of their applications." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water use, air quality and the speed of the approval process (s4)", "Opponents say residents were denied a public vote; lawsuits challenge the referendum rejection and allege civil-rights violations (s5, s7)", "A Stewardship Utah poll reported more than 70% of respondents oppose the data center (s7)", "O'Leary claimed most protesters were paid out-of-state participants; referendum sponsor Brenna Williams disputed this (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Stratos Project | Box Elder County, UT", "publisher": "Box Elder County", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/641/Stratos-Project", "date": "2026-06-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hundreds cry out as Box Elder commissioners wave in massive data center", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/04/box-elder-commissioners-approve-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Renderings show vision for massive data center proposed in Utah, but permits could take years", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/19/renderings-show-massive-data-center-box-elder-utah-permits-could-take-years/", "date": "2026-05-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Box Elder residents organize against Stratos data center", "publisher": "KPCW", "url": "https://www.kpcw.org/state-regional/2026-05-11/box-elder-residents-organize-against-stratos-data-center", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Box Elder County residents won't get to vote on data center referendum, county attorney says", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/05/28/box-elder-county-data-center-referendum-denied/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Kevin O'Leary to scale back Utah project — says it won't be 'the largest data center in the world'", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/06/04/box-elder-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Box Elder County passes moratorium on future data centers", "publisher": "Utah Public Radio", "url": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-06-17/box-elder-data-center-moratorium-stratos", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Designing the Box Elder County data center is 'full steam ahead,' Kevin O'Leary says, while MIDA is on 'pause'", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/2026/07/29/oleary-box-elder-county-data/", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Box Elder County MIDA Stratos Agreement 26-15", "publisher": "Box Elder County", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2189/Box-Elder-County-MIDA-Stratos-Agreement-26-15-", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-04" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "DEQ Letter to Box Elder County Commission", "publisher": "Utah Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.boxeldercountyut.gov/DocumentCenter/View/2144/DEQ-Letter-Box-Elder-County-Letter", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-04" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Stratos Project opponents file promised referendum appeal with Utah First District Court", "publisher": "Cache Valley Daily", "url": "https://www.cachevalleydaily.com/news/stratos-project-opponents-file-promised-referendum-appeal-with-utah-first-district-court/article_d89e1640-d5cb-4ad6-814a-b90a9fec4c11.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-04" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "monarch-compute-campus-point-pleasant-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/monarch-compute-campus-point-pleasant-wv", "name": "Monarch Compute Campus", "aka": [ "Monarch Cloud Campus", "Nscale Monarch" ], "city": "Point Pleasant", "county": "Mason County", "state": "WV", "lat": 38.8445, "lng": -82.1371, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Site work under way; air permit for 864-engine on-site gas power plant under WVDEP review as of mid-2026", "developer": "Nscale (Monarch Cloud Campus LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Nscale is building a multi-phase AI data center campus on a site of up to 2,250 acres along W.Va. 62 north of Point Pleasant, powered by an on-site microgrid of 864 natural gas-fueled engines. Nscale says the first phase is engineered for 1.35 GW of AI computing capacity, with an expansion path to 8 GW or more and over $20 billion in planned investment. The project received state 'high-impact' certification in September 2026; nearby residents have reported flooding, dust and property damage from site work.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 8000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company-stated expansion path of 8 GW or more at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 1350, "unit": "MW", "note": "first phase engineered for 1.35 GW of AI computing capacity (company-stated)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2250, "unit": "acres", "note": "site of up to 2,250 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "three H-shaped data center buildings; one on the former Mason County Airport runway", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "note": "over $20 billion in planned capital investment (company-stated)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 645, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4375, "note": "approximately", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site gas-fired microgrid: 864 natural gas reciprocating engines (2.16 GW) plus 120 additional natural gas/diesel engines for emergency power, fire suppression and heating", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$62.5 million forgivable state loan approved in 2023 to affiliate Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC; $25 million first phase provided, $37.5 million second phase waived", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operations start targeted for January 1, 2027 per air permit application", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "WVDEP proposed stormwater discharge permit WVR312628 for 556.5-acre natural gas pipeline earth disturbance in Putnam and Mason counties; public hearing June 15, 2026", "note": "this source describes the June 15, 2026 Mason County Courthouse hearing as being on this permit application", "source": "s7", "quote": "The DEP is poised to an issue a proposed water pollution control permit for Monarch Cloud Campus to discharge treated stormwater linked to a 556.5-acre earth disturbance project for installation of natural gas pipelines in Putnam and Mason counties." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023", "event": "State approves $62.5 million forgivable loan to affiliate Mountaineer GigaSystem LLC for a project originally planned around hydrogen production", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Monarch Cloud Campus LLC submits air construction permit application to WVDEP for 2.16 GW on-site generation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "event": "WVDEP inspection documents dust cloud; department issues warning", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "event": "Silt fence failure during site work floods properties of six residents (May 23-24)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "WVDEP public hearing on air permit at Mason County Courthouse", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "WVDEP issues a unilateral enforcement order to Monarch Cloud Campus after stormwater and mud from the site entered a nearby neighborhood", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Gov. Morrisey announces state 'high-impact' certification for the project", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Environmental groups cite air pollution and public health risks from the nearly 1,000 on-site engines (s1)", "Air permit projects annual emissions including 1,043 tons of carbon monoxide and 506 tons of nitrogen oxides (s2)", "Nearby residents report flooding, dust, and foundation damage from construction; about 60% of neighborhood homeowners have agreed to sell (s2, s4)", "Community group Mason United opposes the project; residents object that HB 2014 limits local zoning and ordinance authority over data centers (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Point Pleasant data center: 3 buildings, nearly 1,000 natural gas, diesel engines", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/point-pleasant-data-center-3-buildings-nearly-1-000-natural-gas-diesel-engines/article_47d6212b-2bcb-44f1-9238-f3b05a4ab717.html", "date": "2026-05-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "New permits eyed for Mason Co. data center-tied project after eight-figure WV support", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/new-permits-eyed-for-mason-co-data-center-tied-project-after-eight-figure-wv-support/article_6a2e5e86-a19e-442d-831c-24f1760bbf80.html", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Morrisey hails state certifications for two Mason County data center projects", "publisher": "Charleston Gazette-Mail", "url": "https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/energy_and_environment/morrisey-hails-state-certifications-for-two-mason-county-data-center-projects/article_96015183-04d8-4947-90b4-0b19f8bcfa48.html", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As Data Centers Eye W.Va., Local Communities Feel Overlooked", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/as-data-centers-eye-w-va-local-communities-feel-overlooked/", "date": "2026-08-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center project coming to Mason County, WV spearheaded by Florida-based real estate group", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/09/08/new-data-center-project-coming-to-mason-county-wv-spearheaded-by-florida-based-real-estate-group/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "'Total shocker': Residents react to second data center coming to Mason County", "publisher": "WSAZ", "url": "https://www.wsaz.com/2026/09/04/total-shocker-residents-react-second-data-center-coming-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Permit requests loom for Mason Co. data center-tied project", "publisher": "The Herald-Dispatch", "url": "https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/new-permits-eyed-for-mason-co-data-center-tied-project-after-eight-figure-wv-support/article_4cf595a0-abef-4dac-8117-4ef159ca8a81.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-03" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "DEP hands down enforcement order on company preparing data center site in Mason County after second muddy event", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/07/14/dep-hands-down-enforcement-order-on-company-preparing-data-center-site-in-mason-county-after-second-muddy-event/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "comanche-circle-hood-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/comanche-circle-hood-county-tx", "name": "Comanche Circle", "aka": [ "Sailfish Comanche Circle" ], "city": "Tolar", "county": "Hood County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.39, "lng": -97.92, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Concept plan approved without conditions 2026-06-09; next is site development plan review. County twice rejected data center moratoriums in Feb 2026", "developer": "Sailfish Investors", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Sailfish Investors plans a roughly 2,100-acre data center campus with on-site natural gas generation in the Tolar area of Hood County, one of eight data centers proposed in the county. Commissioners conditionally approved it in January 2026, rejected two moratorium proposals 3-2 in February and asked the Texas Attorney General whether they have authority to impose one, and then approved the concept plan without conditions in June 2026. Residents have raised concerns about water, wastewater and the Paluxy River.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "planned at full build-out per Sailfish's January 2025 announcement (nine campuses on 2,600 acres; Phase 1 3.2 GW); Texas Tribune (June 2026) reports up to 3 GW combined with two other Sailfish projects", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "note": "up to 450 full-time positions", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Privately funded on-site natural gas generation plus grid (ERCOT) connection", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "private groundwater wells; private wastewater treatment plant", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 150000, "note": "initially reported; developer later said under 50,000 gpd for three combined projects", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (company-stated)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Expected operational 2027 (per Jan 2026 report); 7-year buildout per Texas Tribune", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NRG withdrew its air permit application for the 2 GW gas-fired Tolar Power Center, which would have supplied Comanche Circle, on June 18, 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "NRG requested withdrawal of its application for the proposed Tolar Power Center June 18." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "Commissioners conditionally approve concept plan 4-1, requiring more detail on drainage, wastewater, landscape and power generation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Commissioners reject second moratorium 3-2 and seek Attorney General opinion on authority", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "Commissioners reject six-month moratorium 3-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Commissioners approve Comanche Circle 3-1 without conditions; technical requirements deferred to site development plan", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-18", "event": "NRG requests withdrawal of its air permit application for the 2 GW Tolar Power Center planned to supply Comanche Circle", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "Sailfish commits project to Governor Abbott's audit process and SB 6 interconnection requirements", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited water use, Lake Granbury watershed and Paluxy River pollution risks, noise, roads and emergency services (s2)", "State Sen. Paul Bettencourt argued counties lack authority to impose building moratoriums (s2, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hood County gives conditional approval to 2,100-acre data center development after pushback", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-01-13/hood-county-data-centers-comanche-circle", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hood County rejects moratorium on new data centers, large developments despite pushback", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-02-10/hood-county-data-center-moratorium-fails", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hood County rejects second data center moratorium, seeks attorney general's opinion on authority", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-02-25/data-center-moratorium-texas-hood-county-ken-paxton", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The 8 data centers that could transform one Texas county", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/02/texas-data-centers-hood-county-local-control-rural-water-power/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hood County approves Comanche Circle data center without conditions after contentious meeting", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/government/2026-06-09/hood-county-approves-comanche-circle-data-center-without-conditions-after-contentious-meeting", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Sailfish Investors Commits Comanche Circle Data Center to Governor Abbott's Texas Standards", "publisher": "Sailfish Investors (via National Law Review)", "url": "https://natlawreview.com/press-releases/sailfish-investors-commits-comanche-circle-data-center-governor-abbotts", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Sailfish plans multi-gigawatt data center park outside DFW, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/sailfish-plans-multi-gigawatt-data-center-park-outside-dfw-texas/", "date": "2025-01-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "NRG withdraws permit for proposed Tolar gas plant amid community opposition", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-06-25/comanche-circle-paluxy-river-valley-data-center-hill-county-dinosaur-valley-state-park", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-25" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-hyperion-richland-parish-la", "name": "Meta Hyperion", "aka": [ "Richland Parish Data Center", "Hyperion" ], "city": "Holly Ridge", "county": "Richland Parish", "state": "LA", "lat": 32.46778, "lng": -91.62667, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Expanded to 5 GW / $50B in July 2026; LPSC final vote on seven additional Entergy gas plants expected Dec. 2026", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta's Hyperion AI data center campus near Holly Ridge in Richland Parish, Louisiana, which Meta said in July 2026 will reach 5 GW of compute capacity and more than $50 billion in investment. Entergy Louisiana received approval in 2025 for three gas plants to serve it and is seeking fast-tracked approval of seven more. Construction began after a December 2024 groundbreaking; local reporting cites a 2030 operational target and resident concerns over housing costs and utility rates.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "Compute capacity per Meta; expanded from original 2 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 50000000000, "note": "Over $50 billion in the Richland Parish region per Meta (July 2026); a May 2026 report cited $27 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 3650, "unit": "acres", "note": "Original 2,250 acres plus 1,400 acres purchased at end of 2025", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "Operational roles once completed, per Meta", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 7500, "note": "Peak, per Meta", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Louisiana", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Entergy gas generation: three combined-cycle plants (~3,000 MW) approved Aug. 2025, plus seven more gas plants, grid batteries and nuclear uprates proposed in 2026", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2030", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "LPSC Docket U-37425 (three combined-cycle gas plants and transmission, approved Aug. 20, 2025)", "source": "s6", "quote": "DOCKET NO. U-37425 ... On August 20, 2025, the Louisiana Public Service Commission (\"LPSC\" or \"Commission\") voted to approve the application filed by Entergy Louisiana, LLC (\"ELL\" or \"Company\") as modified by a contested settlement agreement." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "LPSC Docket U-37882 (additional generation and transmission for the data center; set for Dec. 16, 2026 commission meeting)", "source": "s7", "quote": "The dispute is unfolding in LPSC Docket U-37882, Entergy's latest request for approval of new generation and transmission resources for Meta's data center in Richland Parish." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "PILOT payment of 20% to 40% of total ad valorem taxes, based on certified new capital investment; state land lease rent of $732,000 annually for 30-year primary term", "source": "s8", "quote": "Depending on the investment that is made in a given period, the PILOT amount will be 20% to 40% of the total ad valorem. ... For the primary term, the rent to LED will be $732,000 annually." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Sales tax rebate on certain data center equipment under Louisiana's Data Center Sales Tax Rebate Act, plus PILOT agreement", "source": "s8", "quote": "Because of the recently passed Data center Sales Tax Rebate Act, sales tax on certain data center equipment will be rebated." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12", "event": "Groundbreaking", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025", "event": "Meta buys an additional 1,400 acres (end of 2025)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "event": "LPSC approves Entergy Louisiana's three combined-cycle gas plants (~3,000 MW) and transmission for the data center", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "Alliance for Affordable Energy and Union of Concerned Scientists ask the LPSC to investigate Meta's new financing arrangement for Hyperion and review Entergy's prudence", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "LPSC declines to investigate Meta's financing arrangement with Blue Owl Capital for the data center", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-04-16", "event": "LPSC votes 4-1 to fast-track Entergy's plan for seven new gas plants for the campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "event": "Meta announces expansion to 5 GW and more than $50 billion investment", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "LPSC votes 3-1 to reject an administrative law judge's recommendation to make Meta job and power-demand information available through subpoenas", "source": "s10" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-12", "body": "Louisiana Public Service Commission", "description": "Final vote on Entergy Louisiana's seven-gas-plant proposal under the 'Lightning Initiative' fast-track process (exact date not announced)", "source": "s5" } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents report sharply rising rents, traffic and displacement concerns, water quality and utility-rate worries (s3)", "Alliance for Affordable Energy says the fast-track process may expose ratepayers to long-term risk; Rep. Alaina DiLaura questioned whether adequate due diligence is possible (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Deepening our investment in Richland Parish, Louisiana", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/07/deepening-our-investment-in-richland-parish-louisiana/", "date": "2026-07-13", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta expands data center campus in Richland Parish, Louisiana, to 5GW & $50bn", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-expands-data-center-campus-in-richland-parish-louisiana-to-5gw-will-invest-50bn/", "date": "2026-07-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta's $27 billion AI data center is transforming rural Louisiana", "publisher": "FOX 8 WVUE", "url": "https://www.fox8live.com/2026/05/12/metas-27-billion-ai-data-center-is-transforming-rural-louisiana/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Entergy Louisiana receives LPSC approval for major infrastructure investments to support Meta's data center and improve reliability", "publisher": "Entergy", "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/entergy-louisiana-receives-lpsc-approval-for-major-infrastructure-investments-to-support-metas-data-center-and-improve-reliability", "date": "2025-08-20", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "LPSC approves request by Entergy Louisiana to fast-track gas power plant construction plan for Meta's Richland Parish data center", "publisher": "Louisiana Radio Network", "url": "https://louisianaradionetwork.com/2026/04/16/46165/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Motion for Investigation of the New Financial Arrangement of Meta Platforms, LLC Associated with the Hyperion Data Center Project in Richland Parish (LPSC Docket No. U-37425)", "publisher": "Alliance for Affordable Energy and Union of Concerned Scientists (Earthjustice)", "url": "https://www.all4energy.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/2026-01-14-U-37425-AAE-UCS-Mtn-for-Investigation.pdf", "type": "other", "date": "2026-01-14" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Entergy eases confidentiality restrictions in Meta power case", "publisher": "American Press", "url": "https://americanpress.com/2026/09/11/entergy-eases-confidentiality-restrictions-in-meta-power-case/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-11" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Meta AI center in north Louisiana gets help from the state", "publisher": "Shreveport-Bossier Advocate", "url": "https://www.shreveportbossieradvocate.com/business/a-first-look-at-lease-terms-tax-benefits-for-richland-meta-ai-data-center/article_037b70ea-c6dc-11ef-b454-1331871da095.html", "type": "news", "date": "2024-12-31" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Louisiana Won't Investigate Risky Meta Data Center Financing", "publisher": "Union of Concerned Scientists", "url": "https://www.ucs.org/about/news/louisiana-wont-investigate-risky-meta-data-center-financing", "type": "other", "date": "2026-02-25" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Louisiana PSC kills ruling that would force Meta to turn over key data center information", "publisher": "WWNO", "url": "https://www.wwno.org/politics/2026-08-12/louisiana-psc-kills-ruling-that-would-force-meta-to-turn-over-key-data-center-information", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-12" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "homer-city-energy-campus-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/homer-city-energy-campus-pa", "name": "Homer City Energy Campus", "aka": [ "Homer City Redevelopment", "Homer City Generation" ], "city": "Homer City", "county": "Indiana County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.54, "lng": -79.16, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Gas power plant under construction (1,800+ workers as of Sept. 2026); no data center tenant publicly announced; air permit under appeal at the Environmental Hearing Board.", "developer": "Homer City Redevelopment (with Kiewit Power Constructors)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Homer City Redevelopment is converting the former Homer City coal plant into a 3,200-acre AI data center campus powered by a planned 4.4–4.5 GW natural gas plant with seven GE Vernova 7HA.02 turbines. The project is reported at $10 billion. Pennsylvania DEP issued the air quality plan approval on November 18, 2025; environmental groups and a group of young residents have appealed it. More than 1,800 workers were on site as of September 2026, first power is targeted for early 2028, and no data center tenant has been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 3200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 4400, "unit": "MW", "note": "gas generation capacity; reported as 4.4–4.5 GW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site natural gas plant: seven GE 7HA.02 combined-cycle turbines plus up to ten aeroderivative simple-cycle turbines; gas supply from EQT via Texas Eastern and Eastern Gas Transmission pipelines", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 10000, "note": "over 10,000 direct construction jobs over a five-year build, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000 permanent direct and indirect jobs, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First power targeted for early 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Ten 2.5 MW (3,633 bhp) and two 1.0 MW (1,483 bhp) diesel emergency generator engines, plus one 399 bhp diesel fire water pump engine", "note": "Source IDs 118-127 and 128-129 in the plan approval", "source": "s4", "quote": "3,633 BHP 2.5 MW EMERGENCY GENERATOR ENGINE" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Two Lick Creek, supplied by the Central Indiana County Water Authority", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Central Indiana County Water Authority will supply the plant with water, according to the 552-page application submitted to environmental regulators in April 2025." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Proposed NPDES discharge of 6.84 million gallons per day into Blacklick Creek; DEP comment period through Aug. 10, 2026", "source": "s9", "quote": "To operate their new, massive gas-fired power plant, Homer City Redevelopment is proposing to discharge 6.84 million gallons per day into Blacklick Creek, a trout stocking fishery." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-02", "event": "Homer City Redevelopment and Kiewit announce the natural gas-powered data center campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "Agreement in principle announced for EQT to supply up to 665,000 MMBtu/day of gas", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-09-17", "event": "DEP holds a public hearing on the draft air quality plan approval 32-00457A", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "DEP issues final air quality plan approval 32-00457A", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Clean Air Council, PennFuture and Sierra Club appeal the permit to the Environmental Hearing Board; young residents file a separate appeal", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "Environmental Hearing Board denies Homer City Generation's motion to consolidate the two permit appeals", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Developer reports more than 1,800 tradespeople on site", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Clean Air Council criticized the speed of DEP's permit review; more than 500 public comments raised air quality, water and electricity cost concerns (s5)", "Environmental groups and young residents are appealing the air permit (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Overview", "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment", "url": "https://www.homercityredevelopment.com/project-overview", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Largest US gas-fired power plant planned for data centers in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/homer-city-gas-fired-power-station-data-center-firstenergy/744332/", "date": "2025-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "DEP to Hold Public Meeting/Hearing on a Draft Air Quality Plan Approval for Homer City Generating Station", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection", "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/newsroom/2025-09-15-dep-to-hold-public-meeting-hearing-on-a-draft-air-quality-plan-approval-for-homer-city-generating-station", "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Plan Approval 32-00457A, Homer City Generation LP", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection", "url": "https://files.dep.state.pa.us/RegionalResources/NWRO/NWROPortalFiles/Homer-City/Air/Final-AQ-Plan-Approval/FINAL%20PLAN%20APPROVAL%2032-00457A.pdf", "date": "2025-11-18", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "PA approves air quality permit for massive Homer City gas plant to power data centers", "publisher": "Technical.ly", "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/homer-city-indiana-county-pennsylvania-data-center-permit-approval/", "date": "2025-11-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Homer City's coal site now has 1,800 workers as courts weigh the data center plant's permit", "publisher": "Lehigh Daily", "url": "https://lehighdaily.com/homer-citys-coal-site-now-has-1800-workers-as-courts-weigh-the-data-center-plants-permit/", "date": "2026-09-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Homer City Redevelopment Announces Agreement in Principle for EQT Corporation to Supply Nation's Largest Natural Gas-Powered Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Homer City Redevelopment (via Seeking Alpha)", "url": "https://seekingalpha.com/pr/20166892-homer-city-redevelopment-announces-agreement-in-principle-for-eqt-corporation-to-supply", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Homer City power plant water usage remains unclear", "publisher": "TribLive", "url": "https://community.triblive.com/news/4050093", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-11" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Submit Comments on Wastewater Discharge Permit for Homer City's New Power Plant", "publisher": "Mountain Watershed Association", "url": "https://mtwatershed.com/2026/07/30/submit-comments-on-wastewater-discharge-permit-for-homer-citys-new-power-plant/", "type": "other", "date": "2026-07-30" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-camellia-effingham-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-camellia-effingham-county-ga", "name": "Project Camellia", "aka": [ "OpenAI Effingham County data center" ], "city": "Rincon", "county": "Effingham County", "state": "GA", "lat": 32.296, "lng": -81.2354, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "State DRI review completed; county site plan consideration postponed at developer request while county drafts conditional-use rules", "developer": "OpenAI (Octans GA LLC)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "OpenAI plans a $20 billion, 3.2 GW data center campus in the Savannah Gateway Industrial Hub outside Rincon, with four buildings totaling 4.4 million square feet and power from Georgia Power delivered in phases from 2028 to 2032. The project completed Georgia's Development of Regional Impact review in September 2026, but county site plan consideration was postponed. It has drawn large public opposition over secrecy, power costs and environmental impacts.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 3210, "unit": "MW", "note": "peak electrical load from Georgia Power per DRI report; OpenAI cites 3.2 GW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "per DRI report; earlier reporting described a 2,600-acre campus (s2)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s5" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4400000, "note": "total across four buildings", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 400, "note": "full-time at full completion", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 30000, "note": "approximately, per DRI report", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Georgia Power", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "50% property tax abatement for 15 years; $80 million in community benefits", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Power delivered in phases 2028-2032", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Site plan approval requested for three parcels zoned industrial and planned development", "source": "s5", "quote": "Developer Octans GA LLC is requesting site plan approval to construct four buildings totaling 4.4 million square feet across three parcels currently zoned for industrial and planned development." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Effingham County Water Treatment Plant, without line extensions", "source": "s5", "quote": "The campus plans to utilize a closed-loop cooling system to minimize water loss, served by the Effingham County Water Treatment Plant without requiring line extensions." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "diesel backup only (on-site emergency diesel generators; no regular on-site generation anticipated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Aside from on-site emergency backup diesel generators, the applicant stated it does not anticipate regular on-site power generation." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "IDA PILOT assesses the OpenAI affiliate at 25% of fair market value instead of the standard 40% for the first 15 years of each project phase", "note": "WTOC describes this as a 37.5% annual reduction, which differs from the 50% abatement figure in the record's existing tax_incentive entry", "source": "s6", "quote": "While standard property taxes in Georgia are calculated based on 40% of a property's fair market value, this special formula assesses the OpenAI affiliate at just 25%. The discount effectively slashes OpenAI's property taxes by 37.5% annually for the first 15 years of each project phase." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amended PILOT fixes the rate at 32 mills for the 15-year payment period; separate agreement sends $21 million to the county and $9 million to the school district, with up to $90 million over three years for infrastructure and economic development", "note": "approved by the Effingham IDA at an Aug. 31 special called meeting", "source": "s7", "quote": "The amendment replaces that fluctuating rate with a fixed rate of 32 mills for the project's 15-year payment period." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 900000000, "note": "\"nearly $900 million\" as stated in the complaint filed by One Hundred Miles and residents", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to the lawsuit, it would be the largest data center in the Southeast and comes with nearly $900 million in tax abatements." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "OpenAI first contacts Effingham Industrial Development Authority (fall 2025)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "event": "Effingham County Industrial Development Authority signs a memorandum of understanding with OpenAI affiliate Octans GA, LLC", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "OpenAI publicly announces Project Camellia", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Nearly 1,000 people attend public open house in Rincon, most opposing", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "Development of Regional Impact (DRI) form submitted to state", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Effingham County commissioners approve Ordinance 2026-352 permitting data centers in industrial zones", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Coastal Regional Commission's full DRI report released; county site plan consideration postponed at developer request", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-21", "event": "One Hundred Miles and five residents sue the Effingham IDA and Octans GA alleging open-government law violations", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "One Hundred Miles, Inc. et al. v. Effingham County Industrial Development Authority and Octans GA", "court": "Effingham County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-09-21", "status": "pending", "summary": "A conservation group and five residents, represented by SELC, allege the IDA violated Georgia's Open Meetings and Open Records Acts in approving the OpenAI affiliate's tax abatement and land deal, and seek to void those agreements.", "source": "s8", "quote": "A conservation group and five Effingham County residents are suing local officials, saying they broke Georgia's open government laws to secretly push through a massive OpenAI data center deal. The lawsuit, filed Monday in Effingham County Superior Court, names the Effingham County Industrial Development Authority and Octans GA, an OpenAI affiliate, as defendants." } ], "issues": [ "Residents objected to deal being negotiated without public input; petitions against the project gathered over 10,000 signatures (s3, s4)", "Residents raised concerns about noise, light pollution, traffic, environmental impacts and electricity costs (s3)", "DRI report notes portions of the site in the 100-year floodplain, wetlands, and state-protected Hooded Pitcherplant (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Building AI infrastructure with the Effingham County community", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/building-ai-infrastructure-with-the-effingham-county-community/", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$20 billion OpenAI data center to open in Effingham County", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/22/20-billion-openai-data-center-to-open-in-effingham-county/", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI data center project sparks outrage among Effingham County residents", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/23/openai-data-center-project-sparks-outrage-among-effingham-county-residents/", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As Effingham County data center plan advances, next step is state evaluation process", "publisher": "The Current", "url": "https://thecurrentga.org/2026/07/25/as-effingham-county-data-center-plan-advances-next-step-is-state-evaluation-process/", "date": "2026-07-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "State reveals full DRI report on OpenAI's Effingham County data center project", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/09/16/state-reveals-full-dri-report-openais-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Records show Effingham County leaders finalized massive tax break for $20B OpenAI data center day before public announcement", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/07/30/records-show-effingham-county-leaders-finalized-massive-tax-break-20b-openai-data-center-day-before-public-announcement/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-30" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Effingham Industrial Authority Approves OpenAI Tax Relief, $90M Deal", "publisher": "Effingham Herald", "url": "https://www.effinghamherald.net/data-centers/effingham-industrial-authority-approves-openai-tax-relief-90m-deal-project-camellia-data-center-property-tax/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-31" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Georgia group sues over OpenAI data center deal in Effingham County", "publisher": "WTOC", "url": "https://www.wtoc.com/2026/09/21/georgia-group-sues-over-openai-data-center-deal-effingham-county/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-21" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Second Lawsuit Targets Effingham IDA Over OpenAI Data Center", "publisher": "Effingham Herald", "url": "https://www.effinghamherald.net/data-centers/second-lawsuit-targets-effingham-ida-over-openai-data-center-one-hundred-miles-southern-environmental-law-center-project-camellia-georgia/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-tembo-cheyenne-wy", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-tembo-cheyenne-wy", "name": "Project Tembo", "aka": [ "Project Jade", "Crusoe/Tallgrass Cheyenne AI data center" ], "city": "Cheyenne", "county": "Laramie County", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.14, "lng": -104.82, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County approved the original site plans Jan. 2026. Crusoe left in spring 2026, and Google (Jupiter Star Holdings) resubmitted a smaller site plan in July 2026. Tallgrass's power hub is under construction.", "developer": "Google (Jupiter Star Holdings, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Tembo, first announced as Crusoe and Tallgrass's Project Jade, is a planned AI data center campus in the Switchgrass Industrial Park, 8 miles south of Cheyenne, powered by Tallgrass's 2.7 GW natural gas power hub. Laramie County commissioners unanimously approved the Crusoe site plans on January 6, 2026. Crusoe paused its work and left in spring 2026. A June 30, 2026 county filing identified Google, through Jupiter Star Holdings, as the owner of a scaled-down 716-acre, four-building plan with completion targeted for 2031.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2700, "unit": "MW", "note": "Tallgrass power hub capacity; scalable to 10 GW; originally announced at 1.8 GW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 716, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "reduced from five in the Crusoe plan", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3080000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "reduced from 4,025,500 sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "note": "per Wyoming Public Media; Tallgrass separately investing $7 billion in power plants (s6); other reports cite $50 billion", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Tallgrass BFC Power / Cheyenne Power Hub natural gas plants plus Black Hills Energy resources and fuel cells", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, air-cooled", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "deep wells beneath the local aquifer", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "note": "peak; reduced from 5,000", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2031", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Zone change to Switchgrass Industrial Park Planned Unit Development (PUD); Google's reduced site plan revision (PZ-26-00058) processed administratively; separate Class B conditional use permit (PZ-26-00057) for an office complex", "source": "s5", "quote": "It received governing body approvals for a Zone Change to Switchgrass Industrial Park Planned Unit Development (PUD) as well as the Commercial Site Plan, and all of these approvals included a robust public comment period as well as public hearings." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Two combined cycle power plants plus temporary and permanent aeroderivative turbines and a fuel cell yard (BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub)", "source": "s10", "quote": "The power generation component, designated as the BFC Power and Cheyenne Power Hub Project, would include two combined cycle power plants, along with temporary and permanent aeroderivative turbines intended to provide startup, backup, and base load supplemental generation, according to site plan documents." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-24", "event": "Crusoe and Tallgrass announce a 1.8 GW AI data center in southeast Wyoming", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "Laramie County commissioners unanimously approve the Project Jade site plans", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Crusoe pauses development 'at the request of our customer' and leaves the project", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Site-plan amendment filing with the county identifies Google as the owner", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "event": "County memo on the site plan resubmittal and conditional use permit for Project Tembo", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "County Planning Commission holds a hearing on the office complex conditional use permit", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Google holds a community open house in Cheyenne", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water depletion, aquifer and PFAS contamination, wildlife migration, noise, light and traffic (s2)", "Google pledged to replenish 120% of the freshwater it consumes across its operations by 2030 (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Crusoe and Tallgrass Announce AI Data Center in Wyoming", "publisher": "Tallgrass", "url": "https://tallgrass.com/newsroom/press-releases/Crusoe", "date": "2025-07-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Laramie County approves construction of what could become the largest data center in US", "publisher": "WyoFile", "url": "https://wyofile.com/laramie-county-approves-construction-of-what-could-become-the-largest-data-center-in-us/", "date": "2026-01-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Huge Cheyenne Data Center Grows To 2.7 Gigawatts — Nearly Triple State Power Use", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/01/08/huge-cheyenne-data-center-grows-to-2-7-gigawatts-nearly-triple-state-power-use/", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Say Hello To Google, The Mystery Owner Behind Wyoming's Largest Data Center Project", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/08/google-revealed-as-owner-of-wyomings-largest-data-center-now-project-tembo/", "date": "2026-07-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Commercial Site Plan Re-Submittal and Conditional Use Permit for Project Tembo Data Center", "publisher": "Laramie County", "url": "https://www.laramiecountywy.gov/files/sharedassets/public/v/1/county/public-notice/project-tembo-memo-07082026.pdf", "date": "2026-07-08", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Crusoe pulls out of Project Jade data center", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/crusoe-pulls-out-of-project-jade-data-center/article_b9a8bde9-21c0-4e8a-9051-9154b91bf0eb.html", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Google promises to replenish local watershed at open house in Cheyenne", "publisher": "Wyoming Public Media", "url": "https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/natural-resources-energy/2026-09-17/google-promises-to-replenish-local-watershed-at-open-house-in-cheyenne", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google is customer behind 2.7GW data center campus near Cheyenne, Wyoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-is-customer-behind-27gw-data-center-campus-near-cheyenne-wyoming/", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Google outlines $17B Project Tembo data center campus in Laramie County", "publisher": "Gillette News Record", "url": "https://www.gillettenewsrecord.com/news/wyoming/article_1f4d07d7-113a-410b-bcb7-8daaeccdac2e.html", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Wyoming data center power projects highlight new entrants, partnerships in power generation market", "publisher": "Power Engineering", "url": "https://www.power-eng.com/gas/turbines/wyoming-data-center-power-projects-highlight-new-entrants-partnerships-in-power-generation-market/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-28" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-jupiter-dona-ana-county-nm", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-jupiter-dona-ana-county-nm", "name": "Project Jupiter", "aka": [ "Stargate New Mexico" ], "city": "Santa Teresa", "county": "Doña Ana County", "state": "NM", "lat": 31.86, "lng": -106.68, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "NM Supreme Court denied emergency petitions on air and water permits Sept 17, 2026; air-permit proceeding resumes", "developer": "STACK Infrastructure with BorderPlex Digital Assets", "endUsers": [ "Oracle", "OpenAI" ], "summary": "Project Jupiter is a data center campus in Santa Teresa, anchored by Oracle and named a Stargate site with OpenAI. Doña Ana County approved up to $165 billion in industrial revenue bonds for it in September 2025. It is under construction and is to run on an on-site microgrid of natural-gas fuel cells. Permits for its air emissions and a water well have been challenged by environmental groups and backed by the state Attorney General; the NM Supreme Court denied those petitions in September 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 165000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "IRB authorization up to $165B over 30 years; minimum initial investment $50B", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "site size per Searchlight NM; county lists Phase 1 as 400 acres plus microgrid", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2460, "unit": "MW", "note": "on-site generation capacity (2,275 methane-fueled fuel cells), per NM Department of Justice", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 750, "unit": "jobs", "note": "minimum 750 full-time plus 50 part-time", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "unit": "jobs", "note": "county estimate for 2025-2028; Oracle projects 7,000+", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "on-site microgrid with Bloom Energy fuel cells (replacing an earlier gas-turbine plan)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Oracle says no potable water for cooling; a well drilled for the project has pumped about 103 million gallons since April 2026", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Industrial revenue bonds, Series 2025A/B/C", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Initial operations Q4 2026; Phase 1 complete Q3 2028 (county schedule)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Doña Ana County Commission passed the ordinance authorizing the $165 billion industrial revenue bond 4-1 on Friday, Sept. 19, 2025", "source": "s8", "quote": "As soon as the ordinance authorizing the bond passed on a 4-1 vote, the room erupted in anger that had been brewing for seven hours." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$360 million to the county over 30 years in lieu of taxes, plus $50 million for water and wastewater upgrades and $6.9 million for other community projects", "source": "s8", "quote": "The developers have agreed to pay $360 million to the county over 30 years in lieu of taxes; an additional $50 million to fund water and wastewater upgrades and $6.9 million for other community projects." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "projected average domestic water use for the office campus only; excludes the one-time fill of the closed-loop cooling system", "source": "s8", "quote": "For the office campus, developers projected domestic water use averaging 20,000 gallons daily." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NMED air quality permit application by Yucca Growth Infrastructure for a fuel cell power system; public hearing scheduled to begin Oct. 19, 2026; NMED decision due by Nov. 23 (as scheduled in July 2026)", "source": "s9", "quote": "The hearing will begin at 9 a.m. on Oct. 19 at the Sunland Park Multi-Generational Center and will 'continue as necessary,' according to a notice posted on the state Environment Department's website Thursday." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Office of the State Engineer approved, within two days, an application by Santa Teresa Capital, LLC to repurpose an existing agricultural well to supply construction water, without notice and hearing, under the Water Code emergency exception (NMSA 1978, § 72-12-22)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Santa Teresa Capital, LLC to repurpose an existing agricultural well, without the notice and hearing New Mexico law requires, to supply construction water for Project Jupiter." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Doña Ana County Commission approves industrial revenue bonds", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and Oracle name Doña Ana County a Stargate site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "County Commission orders review of developer statements, including on closed-loop cooling and water", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Oracle says Bloom fuel cells will power campus; ~700 New Mexicans working onsite", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-23", "event": "NM Supreme Court stays air-permit proceeding and well drilling", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Attorney General Raúl Torrez files responses backing emergency petitions", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "event": "NM Supreme Court denies petitions and lifts stay", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The NM Attorney General says state agencies bypassed required notice and hearing procedures for the air and water permits (s5)", "Groundwater use in the drought-stressed Lower Rio Grande Basin (s5)", "County questioned whether cooling would work as originally presented (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Economic Development Projects", "publisher": "Doña Ana County", "url": "https://www.donaana.gov/about_us/economic_development_projects.php", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "County Commissioners Adopt Resolution on Project Jupiter Communications", "publisher": "Doña Ana County", "url": "https://www.donaana.gov/news_detail_T7_R102.php", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Project Jupiter Will Bring More Than $4.7 Billion to New Mexico and Hundreds of Jobs for State Residents", "publisher": "Oracle", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/project-jupiter-2026-07-28/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Attorney General Raúl Torrez Files Responses Backing Emergency Petitions Challenging Project Jupiter Permitting Decisions", "publisher": "New Mexico Department of Justice", "url": "https://nmdoj.gov/press-release/attorney-general-raul-torrez-files-responses-backing-emergency-petitions-challenging-project-jupiter-permitting-decisions/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "New Mexico Supreme Court denies petitions regarding Project Jupiter air quality permit, water use", "publisher": "KVIA", "url": "https://kvia.com/news/2026/09/17/new-mexico-supreme-court-denies-petitions-regarding-project-jupiter-air-quality-permit-water-use/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "New Mexico Supreme Court allows Project Jupiter permit proceedings to advance", "publisher": "Searchlight New Mexico", "url": "https://searchlightnm.org/new-mexico-supreme-court-allows-project-jupiter-permit-proceedings-to-advance/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Doña Ana County approves historic $165B bond for data center", "publisher": "Albuquerque Journal", "url": "https://www.abqjournal.com/business/doa-ana-county-approves-historic-165b-bond-for-data-center/680373", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "NM Environment Department schedules October hearing for Project Jupiter air quality permit", "publisher": "Source New Mexico", "url": "https://sourcenm.com/2026/07/16/nm-environment-department-schedules-october-hearing-for-project-jupiter-air-quality-permit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "quantum-frederick-md", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/quantum-frederick-md", "name": "Quantum Frederick", "aka": [ "Quantum Loophole", "Frederick Digital Campus" ], "city": "Adamstown", "county": "Frederick County", "state": "MD", "lat": 39.33, "lng": -77.46, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Aligned's first building has been under construction since Feb. 2025; the county executive rejected the developer's DRRA on Sept. 14, 2026 and extended the pause on new data center approvals to July 1, 2027.", "developer": "TPG Real Estate Partners / Catellus Development Corporation (Quantum Maryland, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Quantum Frederick is a 2,100-acre hyperscale data center campus on the former Alcoa Eastalco Works site near Adamstown and Buckeystown. County economic development officials say it is planned for about 17.4 million sq ft and 2.4 GW. Original developer Quantum Loophole was removed as manager after a 2024 lawsuit, and TPG Real Estate Partners and Catellus took over. Aligned broke ground on a 72 MW building in February 2025. In September 2026, County Executive Jessica Fitzwater rejected a proposed development agreement that offered $110 million in community benefits in exchange for zoning protections.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2400, "unit": "MW", "note": "about 2.4 GW planned, per Frederick County economic development", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 17400000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "approximately, at full build-out", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 72, "unit": "MW", "note": "Aligned IAD-04 first building; Aligned's campus planned at 264 MW across 4 buildings on 75 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "project value cited by Data Center Frontier", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1300000, "unit": "gal", "note": "WYPR: 'approved peak-flow water: 1.3 million gallons'; daily basis not explicit; switching planned from potable to effluent water for cooling", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Proposed $110 million community benefits package in exchange for 8 years of zoning protection; rejected Sept. 2026", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Aligned Data Centers: 168 diesel emergency generators rated 3,000 kW each with SCR, plus four 1,000 kW generators", "source": "s11", "quote": "One-hundred and sixty-eight (168) emergency generators, each equipped with a diesel fired engine rated at 3,000-kilowatts, and each controlled by a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "MDE permit-to-construct for Aligned's emergency generators issued effective Jan. 30, 2025", "source": "s11", "quote": "The Department has made a final determination to issue the permit-to-construct, effective January 30, 2025." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Aligned data center facility: 5601 Manor Woods Road, Frederick, MD 21703", "source": "s11", "quote": "The data center facility will be located at 5601 Manor Woods Road in Frederick, Maryland 21703 in Frederick County." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "Maryland PSC Order No. 90830 (Mail Log No. 302893): Aligned's CPCN exemption request for backup generators; provisional authorization limited to 70 MW", "source": "s12", "quote": "Subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Commission grants provisional authorization for Aligned to install diesel engine-generating capacity—not exceeding 70 MW—as emergency backup generation for its data center in Frederick, Maryland." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "MDE Water Appropriation and Use Permits issued to Quantum Maryland: FR2023G001(03), FR2024S001(01) and FR2025G001(01)", "source": "s13", "quote": "Quantum Maryland Permit Water Appropriation and Use Permit FR2025G001(01)" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-06-28", "event": "Maryland Commerce announces Quantum Loophole's plan for a 2,100-acre data center campus at the former Eastalco site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2023-10-10", "event": "Maryland PSC grants Aligned provisional authorization for up to 70 MW of diesel backup generation, denying exemption for the full build-out", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2024-06-18", "event": "Maryland Department of the Environment rescinds a $130,000 settlement offer over fiber-ring construction violations and refers the matter to the Attorney General", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2024-09", "event": "TPG sues Quantum Loophole; settlement in Dec. 2024 removes Quantum Loophole as manager, and TPG/Catellus take over", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-01-30", "event": "MDE issues permit-to-construct for Aligned's emergency generators", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "event": "Aligned breaks ground on a 72 MW data center within the campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Maryland Supreme Court rules that a citizen referendum on the county's expanded data center zoning must stay off the ballot", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "County Executive signs order pausing new data center permits and approvals through the end of 2026", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "County receives first draft of the community benefits agreement / DRRA", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "County Executive rejects the Frederick Digital Campus DRRA and extends the data center pause through July 1, 2027", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents submitted hundreds of comments opposing the proposed development agreement as too restrictive on the county (s5)", "MDE documented bore mud discharges and wetland impacts from fiber-ring drilling between Aug. 2022 and Oct. 2023 (s7)", "More than 20,000 residents signed a petition to put the county's expanded data center zoning to a referendum; the Maryland Supreme Court kept it off the ballot (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Quantum Loophole plans to develop data center campus in Maryland", "publisher": "Maryland Department of Commerce", "url": "https://business.maryland.gov/news/quantum-loophole-plans-develop-data-center-campus-maryland/", "date": "2021-06-28", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Frederick County Economic Development", "url": "https://www.discoverfrederickmd.com/171/Data-Centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Circling Back: What Now for Quantum Loophole and the Quantum Frederick Data Center Campus?", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55261511/circling-back-what-now-for-quantum-loophole-and-the-quantum-frederick-data-center-campus", "date": "2025-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Aligned breaks ground on 72MW Maryland data center in Quantum Frederick Park", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-72mw-maryland-data-center-in-quantum-frederick-park/", "date": "2025-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Frederick County elections could hinge on one issue - data centers", "publisher": "WYPR", "url": "https://www.wypr.org/wypr-news/2026-09-10/frederick-county-elections-could-hinge-on-one-issue-data-centers", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Frederick County rejects agreement with data center developer amidst public outcry", "publisher": "WYPR", "url": "https://www.wypr.org/wypr-news/2026-09-15/frederick-county-rejects-agreement-with-data-center-developer-amidst-public-outcry", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Maryland Environment Dept. Rescinds Quantum Loophole Settlement", "publisher": "Inside Towers", "url": "https://insidetowers.com/maryland-environment-dept-rescinds-quantum-loophole-settlement/", "date": "2024-07-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Counties scramble to respond to data centers, setting moratoriums, a ban", "publisher": "Maryland Matters", "url": "https://marylandmatters.org/2026/08/10/counties-scramble-to-respond-to-data-centers-setting-moratoriums-a-ban/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "Frederick County Government", "url": "https://frederickcountymd.gov/9310/Data-Centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "SUN: Frederick data center deal promises $110M. What does the developer get?", "publisher": "Fox45 Baltimore / Baltimore Sun", "url": "https://foxbaltimore.com/news/local/sun-frederick-data-center-deal-promises-110m-what-does-the-developer-get", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Final Determination and Response to Comments, Aligned Data Centers (MD) Propco, LLC", "publisher": "Maryland Department of the Environment", "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/programs/land/MarylandBrownfieldVCP/Documents/FinalDetermination-Aligned.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-01-30" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Order No. 90830, Aligned Data Centers (MD) Propco, LLC Request for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity Exemption", "publisher": "Maryland Public Service Commission", "url": "https://psc.maryland.gov/wp-content/uploads/Order-No.-90830-Provisional-Order-on-Rehearing-ML-302893.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2023-10-10" }, { "id": "s13", "title": "Frederick Data Center Sampling/Reports", "publisher": "Maryland Department of the Environment", "url": "https://mde.maryland.gov/datacenters/Pages/FrederickDataCenter.aspx", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-tamarack-west-columbia-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-tamarack-west-columbia-wv", "name": "Project Tamarack", "aka": [], "city": "West Columbia", "county": "Mason County", "state": "WV", "lat": 38.9831, "lng": -82.0636, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Certified by the West Virginia Department of Commerce as a high-impact data center; announced September 3, 2026", "developer": "Starwood Digital Ventures (Starwood Capital Group)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Starwood Digital Ventures plans a $12 billion data center complex, dubbed Project Tamarack, in West Columbia, Mason County, which Gov. Patrick Morrisey said will require 2.16 gigawatts of power from the existing grid. The project received state high-impact data center certification, announced September 3, 2026, and will use a closed-loop cooling system and existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property. Some residents say they were surprised the state approved the project without local notice, as state law limits local control over certified data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 12000000000, "note": "company plan announced by the governor", "source": "s1", "quote": "Gov. Patrick Morrisey announced Thursday that Starwood Digital Ventures has plans for a $12 billion data center." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2160, "unit": "MW", "note": "power requirement as stated by Gov. Morrisey (2.16 gigawatts); WVPB reported 'two gigawatts'", "source": "s5", "quote": "In West Virginia, Morrisey said the Starwood project (dubbed \"Project Tamarack\") will require 2.16 gigawatts of power to operate, which it will receive from the existing grid." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Existing grid via existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Tamarack will use the existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Appalachian Power (AEP)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Tamarack will use the existing Appalachian Power/AEP infrastructure at the property." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2", "quote": "Tamarack will boast a closed-loop cooling system to minimize water use and addressed another of the public's concerns over data center development in the state." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "more than 1,000 during construction", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to create more than 1,000 jobs during construction and 300 permanent jobs once completed." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to create more than 1,000 jobs during construction and 300 permanent jobs once completed." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Gov. Morrisey announces at the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce business summit that Starwood Digital Ventures received high-impact data center certification for Project Tamarack", "source": "s2", "quote": "Starwood Digital Ventures has received a high impact data center certification from the state." }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Project Tamarack says it is forming a Community Advisory Group of Mason County residents and leaders", "source": "s3", "quote": "Project Tamarack said Thursday, it is forming a Community Advisory Group made up of Mason County residents and leaders to provide ongoing input throughout construction and operations." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Mason County United said residents were not told of the plan before the state approved the certification (s4)", "Under HB 2014, localities cannot enforce or create ordinances affecting certified data center developments; a county commissioner said local government has limited control (s4, s5)", "Residents cite environmental concerns, noting homes flooded during construction at the nearby Nscale Monarch site about 20 miles south (s5)", "The governor and company say Starwood will fund infrastructure costs rather than pass them to ratepayers (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Morrisey announces $12 billion data center project in Mason County", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/09/03/morrisey-announces-12-billion-data-center-project-in-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Second Certified Data Center Announced For Mason County", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/second-certified-data-center-announced-for-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Starwood Digital Ventures announces data center for Mason County", "publisher": "WDTV", "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/09/03/starwood-digital-ventures-announces-data-center-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "'Total shocker': Residents react to second data center coming to Mason County", "publisher": "WSAZ", "url": "https://www.wsaz.com/2026/09/04/total-shocker-residents-react-second-data-center-coming-mason-county/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center project coming to Mason County, WV spearheaded by Florida-based real estate group", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/09/08/new-data-center-project-coming-to-mason-county-wv-spearheaded-by-florida-based-real-estate-group/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "iren-sweetwater-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/iren-sweetwater-tx", "name": "IREN Sweetwater data center campus", "aka": [ "Sweetwater 1", "Sweetwater 2" ], "city": "Sweetwater", "county": "Fisher County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.471, "lng": -100.4059, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Sweetwater 1 substation energized May 2026; data halls being built in phases", "developer": "IREN", "endUsers": [], "summary": "IREN (formerly Iris Energy) is building a 2 GW AI data center hub in West Texas made up of Sweetwater 1 (1.4 GW) outside Sweetwater in Fisher County and Sweetwater 2 (600 MW), about 28 miles away. IREN announced energization of the Sweetwater 1 substation in May 2026, with power ramping as data centers are built and commissioned. Sweetwater 2 is expected to be energized in 2027 or 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "grid connection capacity across both sites", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 1400, "unit": "MW", "note": "Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1800, "unit": "acres", "note": "1,300 acres at Sweetwater 1 and 500 at Sweetwater 2, per IREN; DCD reported 1,700 acres for Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air and liquid cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "ERCOT grid; 345kV/138kV bulk substation at Sweetwater 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "more than 200 operational staff expected", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Sweetwater 2 energization in late 2027 (IREN, 2025) or 2028 (DCD, 2026)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s6", "quote": "Energization marks the connection of the site's high-voltage substation to the ERCOT grid" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-17", "event": "IREN signs 600 MW grid connection agreement for Sweetwater 2, bringing the hub to 2 GW", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "event": "IREN announces energization of the 1.4 GW Sweetwater 1 site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "IREN announces NVIDIA partnership on AI-ready design; about 300 construction workers on site", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Sweetwater Data Center | 2,000MW AI Campus in Texas", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://iren.com/data-centers/sweetwater", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-announces-successful-energization-sweetwater-1", "date": "2026-05-01", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "IREN Secures 2.75GW for Data Centers in West Texas with New 600MW Grid Connection Agreement", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://irisenergy.gcs-web.com/static-files/899b6969-7d10-4722-a259-f0ed5576bef3", "date": "2025-03-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Iren energizes first phase of 2GW Sweetwater data center campus in Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/iren-energizes-first-phase-of-2gw-sweetwater-data-center-campus-in-texas/", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "IREN partners with NVIDIA to develop AI-ready architecture for West Texas data center campus", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/iren-partners-with-nvidia-to-develop-ai-ready-architecture-for-west-texas-data-center-campus", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "IREN Announces Successful Energization of Sweetwater 1", "publisher": "IREN", "url": "https://iren.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/iren-announces-successful-energization-sweetwater-1", "type": "company", "date": "2026-05-01" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-horizon-pecos-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-horizon-pecos-county-tx", "name": "Project Horizon", "aka": [ "Poolside Project Horizon" ], "city": "Fort Stockton", "county": "Pecos County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.894, "lng": -102.8793, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "CoreWeave anchor lease ended March–April 2026; Poolside seeking new partners", "developer": "Poolside", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A planned 2 GW, natural gas-powered AI campus on 568 acres at Longfellow Ranch in Pecos County, West Texas, announced by AI company Poolside in October 2025 with CoreWeave as anchor tenant for a first 250 MW phase. In April 2026 DCD, citing the Financial Times, reported the CoreWeave deal had fallen apart and Poolside was seeking new partners. Pecos County considered a tax abatement for Poolside in November 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "eight 250 MW phases, per Poolside", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "originally leased to CoreWeave; lease ended 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 568, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site aero-derivative natural gas turbines with battery storage and grid interconnect, per Poolside", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Poolside's 2025 announcement described air cooling; its CEO later described closed-loop liquid cooling using non-potable groundwater", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax abatement agreement with Poolside Inc. within the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone (on Nov. 10, 2025 county agenda)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": "up to 1.2 GW initial", "unit": "GW", "note": "stated as initial capacity of up to 1.2 gigawatts, with another seven gigawatts of power potential identified; Poolside's 2025 announcement described a 2 GW campus", "source": "s5", "quote": "This self-sufficiency shields Pecos County homes, schools, and businesses from load spikes while positioning Project Horizon to scale modularly across eight phases, with an initial capacity of up to 1.2 gigawatts and another seven gigawatts of power potential identified." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Non-potable groundwater within existing permitted allocations", "source": "s5", "quote": "All campus water draws from non-potable groundwater within existing permitted allocations, thus avoiding putting any strain on the city's municipal supply." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 559, "unit": "acres", "note": "conflicts with the 568 acres stated in Poolside's 2025 announcement", "source": "s5", "quote": "Located more than 25 miles outside Fort Stockton on a 559-acre footprint adjacent to the sprawling Longfellow Ranch." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-13", "event": "Pecos County establishes the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Poolside announces Project Horizon with CoreWeave as anchor tenant under a 15-year, 250 MW lease", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-10", "event": "Pecos County Commissioners Court agenda includes a tax abatement agreement with Poolside Inc.", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Pecos County Commissioners Court agenda includes a tax abatement agreement with CoreWeave, LLC within the Longfellow Renewable Energy Reinvestment Zone", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "event": "DCD reports, citing the Financial Times, that the CoreWeave deal collapsed and Poolside is seeking new partners", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Activists have raised concerns about grid strain, water use and construction disruption; the developer says cooling water use will be minimal (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Announcing Project Horizon: Why we're building a 2 gigawatt AI campus in Texas", "publisher": "Poolside", "url": "https://poolside.ai/blog/announcing-project-horizon", "date": "2025-10-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AI startup Poolside teams up with CoreWeave on 2GW data center in Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ai-startup-poolside-teams-up-with-coreweave-on-2gw-data-center-in-texas/", "date": "2025-10-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Poolside seeks partners for data center in Texas after CoreWeave deal falls apart", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/poolside-seeks-partners-for-data-center-in-texas-after-coreweave-deal-falls-apart/", "date": "2026-04-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Commissioner's Court Regular Session Agenda 11/10/2025", "publisher": "Pecos County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.pecos.tx.us/regular_session_agenda-20251110/", "date": "2025-11-10", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "West Texas Data Center Project Addresses Activist Concerns Head-On", "publisher": "Forbes (contributor)", "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidblackmon/2026/06/02/west-texas-data-center-project-addresses-activist-concerns-head-on/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Commissioner's Court Regular Session Agenda 1/12/2026", "publisher": "Pecos County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.pecos.tx.us/commissioners-court-regular-session-agenda-1122026/", "type": "government", "date": "2026-01-12" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aligned-project-phoenix-shippingport-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aligned-project-phoenix-shippingport-pa", "name": "Project Phoenix", "aka": [], "city": "Shippingport", "county": "Beaver County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.6236, "lng": -80.4247, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking announced September 10, 2026", "developer": "Aligned Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Aligned Data Centers is building Project Phoenix, a 2 GW data center campus spanning three facilities in the Shippingport Industrial Park, on the former Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant site in Beaver County. Aligned says the campus will use its own dedicated onsite power source rather than the local electrical grid and a closed-loop cooling system engineered to require zero water for operational cooling. Aligned closed on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport in July 2026 and announced the groundbreaking on September 10, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 2, "unit": "GW", "note": "company-stated campus capacity", "source": "s1", "quote": "today announced the groundbreaking of \"Project Phoenix,\" a new 2 GW data center campus located in Shippingport, Pennsylvania." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s1", "quote": "Spanning three facilities, the development will meet robust regional demand for digital infrastructure while anchoring an estimated $10B in regional economic investment." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 650.89, "note": "property purchased by Aligned", "source": "s3", "quote": "Aligned Data Centers, LLC closed the deal on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport on Monday." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "note": "'nearly 2 million-square-foot' campus", "source": "s3", "quote": "a nearly 2 million-square-foot data center campus near the former Bruce Mansfield power plant for $223,150,865.38." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "estimated regional economic investment the campus would anchor (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Spanning three facilities, the development will meet robust regional demand for digital infrastructure while anchoring an estimated $10B in regional economic investment." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "note": "estimated", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will support an estimated 3,000 construction jobs and create an estimated 640 full-time careers for ongoing campus operations" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 640, "note": "estimated", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will support an estimated 3,000 construction jobs and create an estimated 640 full-time careers for ongoing campus operations" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Dedicated onsite power source rather than the local electrical grid", "source": "s1", "quote": "Project Phoenix will use its own dedicated onsite power source rather than the local electrical grid." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "natural gas-fired on-site power", "source": "s6", "quote": "will run on its own on-site, natural gas-fired power rather than the PJM grid" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop system recycling deionized water; zero water for operational cooling (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Engineered to require zero water for operational cooling, each Project Phoenix data center utilizes an advanced closed-loop system that continuously recycles pure, deionized water." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Former Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant site, Shippingport Industrial Park", "source": "s4", "quote": "the former Bruce Mansfield coal-fired power plant site in the Shippingport Industrial Park" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-03", "event": "DCD reports Aligned plans natural gas-powered data center buildings at the 660-acre Shippingport Industrial Park owned by Frontier Group of Companies", "source": "s5", "quote": "Aligned is planning to develop two natural gas-powered data center buildings within the 660-acre Shippingport Industrial Park, which is owned by the Frontier Group of Companies." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Aligned closes purchase of a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport for $223,150,865.38", "source": "s3", "quote": "Aligned Data Centers, LLC closed the deal on a 650.89-acre property in Shippingport on Monday." }, { "date": "2026-09-10", "event": "Aligned announces groundbreaking of the 2 GW Project Phoenix campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "today announced the groundbreaking of \"Project Phoenix,\" a new 2 GW data center campus located in Shippingport, Pennsylvania." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Borough of Shippingport council held a public hearing on Aligned's conditional use requests (s5)", "The adjacent Shippingport Power Station is being redeveloped into a natural gas energy campus with up to 3.6GW of behind-the-meter capacity (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Aligned Data Centers and Shippingport Community Mark Revitalization of Legacy Energy Site with Groundbreaking of 2 GW \"Project Phoenix\" Campus", "publisher": "GlobeNewswire (Aligned Data Centers)", "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/09/10/3359602/0/en/aligned-data-centers-and-shippingport-community-mark-revitalization-of-legacy-energy-site-with-groundbreaking-of-2-gw-project-phoenix-campus.html", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Aligned breaks ground on gigawatt-scale data center campus in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aligned-breaks-ground-on-gigawatt-scale-data-center-campus-in-pennsylvania/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Align Data Centers, LLC closes deal to build data center campus near former Bruce Mansfield power plant for just over $223 million", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/align-data-centers-llc-closes-deal-to-build-data-center-campus-near-former-bruce-mansfield-power-plant-for-just-over-223-million/", "date": "2026-07-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Groundbreaking held for \"The Project Phoenix\" data center complex in Shippingport", "publisher": "Beaver County Radio", "url": "https://beavercountyradio.com/news/groundbreaking-held-for-the-project-phoenix-data-center-complex-in-shippingport/", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Aligned looks to Pennsylvania, eyes two natural gas-powered facilities outside Pittsburgh", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/shippingport-industrial-park/", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Aligned Breaks Ground on $10B, 2 GW Data Center in Beaver County", "publisher": "Marcellus Drilling News", "url": "https://marcellusdrilling.com/2026/09/aligned-breaks-ground-on-10b-2-gw-data-center-in-beaver-county/", "date": "2026-09-11", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "joliet-technology-center-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/joliet-technology-center-il", "name": "Joliet Technology Center", "aka": [ "Joliet data center" ], "city": "Joliet", "county": "Will County", "state": "IL", "lat": 41.52972, "lng": -88.07278, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City Council approved 8-1 on Mar. 19, 2026; residents' lawsuit pending in Will County Circuit Court; construction slated for early 2027", "developer": "Hillwood and PowerHouse Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A proposed 795-acre, 24-building, 1.8 GW data center campus near Rowell and Bernhard roads east of Chicagoland Speedway in Joliet, Illinois, developed by Hillwood and PowerHouse Data Centers and described as Illinois' largest. The Joliet City Council approved annexation-related rezoning 8-1 in March 2026 over resident objections. Nearby residents sued in May 2026 challenging the rezoning and approval process; defendants have moved to dismiss.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1800, "unit": "MW", "note": "Power demand at full capacity", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 795, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 24, "note": "Four sub-campuses of six buildings each", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 6936000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "note": "As reported in lawsuit coverage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 700, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 10000, "note": "7,000-10,000 construction jobs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 150000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "100,000-150,000 gallons daily, as described in lawsuit coverage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Aquifer (city plans shift to Lake Michigan water in 2030)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd (developer-paid system upgrades)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First sub-campus 2028; full build-out through 2032", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "source": "s6", "quote": "The Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity throughout the local grid is PJM Interconnection LLC." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "I-1 (light industrial), with annexation agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "The proposed I-1 (light industrial) zoning designation generally aligns with the land use direction from the South Side Comprehensive Plan." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$100 million community benefit contribution to the City of Joliet", "source": "s6", "quote": "Furthermore, the Developer has committed to a $100 million community benefit contribution to the City." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "0.66 miles", "source": "s6", "quote": "The nearest residential structure is 0.66 miles from the proposed site." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-18", "event": "Public notice issued for zoning hearing (lawsuit alleges it failed to describe the data center)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "event": "City Council public hearing on the proposal (lawsuit alleges residents were denied due process)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-19", "event": "City Council approves project 8-1 (Councilwoman Suzanna Ibarra dissenting)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05-18", "event": "Residents and Joliet Residents For Responsible Growth sue city and developers in Will County", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "City and developers' motions to dismiss set for a Sept. 8 hearing before Will County Judge Victoria Breslan", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised electricity supply and utility cost concerns, property values, health and proximity (s1, s2)", "Lawsuit alleges defective public notice, Open Meetings Act and due-process violations, and a planning director conflict of interest (s4)", "Opponents say the site's aquifer is projected to no longer meet peak demand by 2030 (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Joliet OKs controversial 795-acre data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/03/20/joliet-oks-controversial-795-acre-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Joliet City Council approves plans for what would be largest data center in Illinois", "publisher": "ABC7 Chicago", "url": "https://abc7chicago.com/post/data-centers-illinois-city-council-approves-plans-joliet-center-bernhard-rowell-east-speedway/18737463/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Joliet data center going before plan commission Thursday", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/03/03/joliet-data-center-going-before-plan-commission-thursday/", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lawsuit challenges zoning, approval process for Joliet data center", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/05/26/lawsuit-challenges-zoning-approval-process-for-joliet-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lawsuit against Joliet data center heading to court hearing", "publisher": "Shaw Local (The Herald-News)", "url": "https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/2026/08/18/lawsuit-against-joliet-data-center-heading-to-court-hearing/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "City of Joliet Memo, File #178-26: Public Hearing for a Resolution to Approve an Annexation Agreement for the Annexation of Approximately 795 Acres Surrounding S. Rowell Road and Bernhard Road (A-4-25)", "publisher": "City of Joliet (via Capitol News Illinois)", "url": "https://capitolnewsillinois.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/community-development-memo-for-Joliet-data-center.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2026-03-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/xai-colossus-2-memphis-tn", "name": "xAI Colossus 2", "aka": [ "Colossus 2", "SpaceXAI Colossus 2" ], "city": "Memphis", "county": "Shelby County", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.02722, "lng": -90.02917, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Partly in use training Grok while expansion continues; powered largely by gas turbines at a Southaven, MS plant subject to an NAACP Clean Air Act suit", "developer": "xAI", "endUsers": [], "summary": "xAI's second Memphis supercomputer site, a roughly 1-million-sq-ft facility on Tulane Road in the Whitehaven area, separate from the original Colossus site. It is powered in large part by gas turbines at a former Duke Energy plant across the state line in Southaven, Mississippi, where regulators permitted 41 turbines (1.2 GW) in March 2026. Scientific American reported about 1,775 MW of power capacity by July 2026, and a $659.3 million permit for an additional building was filed in March 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Property purchased March 2025 for about $80 million by xAI affiliate", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1775, "unit": "MW", "note": "Approximate power capacity by July 2026 per Scientific American; DCD noted claims of 1 GW at launch vs. ~350 MW cooling seen in January 2026 imagery", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Gas turbines at former Duke Energy plant in Southaven, MS (41 permanent turbines permitted, 1.2 GW; 69 temporary turbines reported by July 2026)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 320, "note": "Announced with expansion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Mississippi Environmental Quality Permit Board approved xAI's permit for permanent turbines on March 10, 2026, with all six members present voting in favor", "source": "s7", "quote": "All six members who were present Tuesday — the state Oil and Gas Board's David Snodgrass was the lone absence — voted to approve xAI's permit application." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Colossus Gas Plant: 2875 Stanton Road South, Southaven, Mississippi (about 1 mile from Colossus 2)", "source": "s8", "quote": "MZX Tech owns and operates the Colossus Gas Plant located at 2875 Stanton Road South in Southaven, Mississippi." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "Nine schools within three miles of the Colossus Gas Plant (per NAACP complaint)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Within just three miles of the Colossus Gas Plant, children attend school at nine different elementary, middle, and high schools." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-07", "event": "Expansion announced at Tulane Road site in Whitehaven", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-16", "event": "xAI affiliate MZX Tech buys former Duke power plant site in Southaven, MS", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "Application filed with Mississippi regulators for 41-turbine permit", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "event": "Permit filed for $659.3M, four-story building adjacent to Colossus 2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-10", "event": "Mississippi DEQ board approves 41 turbines (1.2 GW) to power Colossus 2 and planned Colossus 3", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "NAACP files Clean Air Act lawsuit against xAI and MZX Tech; DOJ moved in June 2026 to intervene on the company’s side", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Southaven residents file a federal class action against xAI and MZX Tech over turbine noise.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "Justice Department files motion to intervene and seek dismissal of the NAACP Clean Air Act lawsuit.", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "Mississippi DEQ sets retirement schedule for 69 temporary turbines at the Southaven plant (Aug. 18, 2026 to July 14, 2027), allowing 13 to run past the original deadline", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074-MPM-JMV", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi", "filed": "2026-04-14", "status": "pending", "summary": "Clean Air Act suit alleging xAI and MZX Tech installed and operated gas turbines in Southaven without an air permit.", "source": "s8", "quote": "Between August and December 2025, Defendants xAI and its wholly owned subsidiary MZX Tech LLC installed and began operating twenty-seven polluting gas turbines (the 'Colossus Gas Plant') in Southaven, Mississippi, which is in DeSoto County, without an air permit or regard for the health and safety of people living nearby." } ], "issues": [ "Neighbors in Southaven reported noise from unpermitted turbines in Nov. 2025 (s3)", "SELC says the Mississippi permit was fast-tracked without addressing significant concerns; meeting was held in Jackson with five days' notice (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Colossus (supercomputer)", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer)", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "xAI files permit for $659M expansion of Colossus 2 site", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/03/03/xai-files-permit-659m-expansion-colossus-2-site/", "date": "2026-03-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Inside Memphis' fight against xAI", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/news/inside-memphis-fight-against-xai/", "date": "2026-05-08", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Musk's xAI gets go-ahead for 41 natural gas turbines in Mississippi to power Colossus data centers", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/musks-xai-gets-go-ahead-for-41-natural-gas-turbines-in-mississippi-to-power-colossus-data-centers/", "date": "2026-03-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "The data center backlash comes for SpaceXAI's Colossus", "publisher": "Scientific American", "url": "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexais-colossus-data-center-is-fueling-a-massive-backlash/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "State sets dates to retire temporary xAI turbines", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/07/31/southaven-xai-turbines-deadline/", "date": "2026-07-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "State board approves xAI permit", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/03/10/xai-permit-approved-southaven/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-10" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Complaint, NAACP v. X.AI Corp. and MZX Tech LLC, No. 3:26-cv-00074-MPM-JMV", "publisher": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi (via NAACP)", "url": "https://naacp.org/sites/default/files/documents/1%20-%20Complaint.pdf", "type": "court", "date": "2026-04-14" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Southaven residents sue Elon Musk's xAI alleging harm from gas turbines", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/09/elon-musk-mississippi-southaven-lawsuit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "xAI Faces DOJ Bid to Dismiss NAACP Clean Air Act Lawsuit", "publisher": "Lawyer Monthly", "url": "https://www.lawyer-monthly.com/2026/06/xai-doj-naacp-clean-air-act-lawsuit/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-17" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "ridgeline-tucker-county-wv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/ridgeline-tucker-county-wv", "name": "Ridgeline Facility", "aka": [ "Ridgeline project", "Fundamental Data Ridgeline" ], "city": "Thomas", "county": "Tucker County", "state": "WV", "lat": 39.15, "lng": -79.5, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "State air permit R13-3713 issued Aug 2025 and upheld by Air Quality Board Feb 2026; appeals court dismissed groups' appeals Aug 2026 for lack of jurisdiction, leaving a path to the WV Supreme Court", "developer": "Fundamental Data LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fundamental Data LLC proposes an off-grid, gas-fired power plant and data center complex between Davis and Thomas in Tucker County, West Virginia. Reported sizes vary: local press describes a 1,600 MW plant on about 500 acres, while POWER Magazine reports a roughly 5 GW, two-phase plan on a 291-acre tract. The state air permit has been issued and upheld over appeals by Tucker United, the West Virginia Highlands Conservancy and the Sierra Club, and in August 2026 WVDEP confirmed the company controls the site.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1600, "unit": "MW", "note": "as reported by WDTV for the off-grid gas-and-diesel plant", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 5000, "unit": "MW", "note": "POWER Magazine: ~5 GW total across two phases (Phase 1 ~800 MW gas + ~1.3 GW solar; Phase 2 3.1 GW additional gas)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 2000, "unit": "MW", "note": "POWER Magazine: Phase 1 includes 14 data center buildings using 2+ GW of computing load", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 14, "note": "data center buildings in Phase 1, per POWER Magazine", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 500, "note": "as reported by local press", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 291, "note": "tract purchased from Western Pocahontas Properties (purchase agreement dated 2024-07-19)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site natural gas / diesel combustion turbines with heat recovery steam generators (off-grid microgrid); three 10-million-gallon diesel storage tanks", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Commercial operations targeted for 2028 (per POWER Magazine)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Project says it seeks no state or local financial assistance (per POWER Magazine); proceeds under WV HB 2014 certified microgrid program", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WVDEP permit R13-3713 classifies the facility as a synthetic minor source, with physical and operational limits to stay below PSD major thresholds", "source": "s6", "quote": "Physical and operational limitations so that source is below PSD major thresholds" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-07-19", "event": "Purchase and sale agreement for 291-acre site with Western Pocahontas Properties", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "event": "Air permit application R13-3713 filed with WVDEP Division of Air Quality", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "event": "WVDEP issues air quality construction permit R13-3713 after 1,605 written comments", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "West Virginia Air Quality Board upholds permit over appeal by Tucker United, WV Highlands Conservancy and Sierra Club", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "WVDEP determines Fundamental Data has demonstrated site control after company missed Aug 7 deadline and filed documents Aug 11", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Intermediate Court of Appeals dismisses environmental groups' appeals for lack of jurisdiction, finding good cause for late appeals to the WV Supreme Court", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents dispute WVDEP's classification of the plant as a synthetic minor source of air pollution (s3, s4)", "Groups objected to redaction of emissions data and permit details as confidential business information (s1, s3)", "Expert testimony at the appeal hearing said daily emissions could fluctuate beyond DEP assumptions (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "WV DEP says Fundamental Data controls site of proposed Tucker County data center, power plant", "publisher": "West Virginia Watch", "url": "https://westvirginiawatch.com/2026/08/17/wv-dep-says-fundamental-data-controls-site-of-proposed-tucker-county-data-center-power-plant/", "date": "2026-08-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "State appeals court dismisses environmental groups' lawsuits over Tucker County data center plant", "publisher": "WDTV", "url": "https://www.wdtv.com/2026/08/26/state-appeals-court-dismisses-environmental-groups-lawsuits-over-tucker-county-data-center-plant/", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Air Quality Board sides with developers of Tucker County data center", "publisher": "WV MetroNews", "url": "https://wvmetronews.com/2026/02/07/air-quality-board-sides-with-developers-of-tucker-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "State Regulators Hear Two Days Of Evidence In Appeal Of Tucker County Data Center Permits", "publisher": "West Virginia Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://wvpublic.org/story/energy-environment/state-regulators-hear-two-days-of-evidence-in-appeal-of-tucker-county-data-center-permits/", "date": "2025-12-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Contested 5-GW Ridgeline Gas, Solar, and Data-Center Complex in West Virginia Clears Site-Control Question", "publisher": "POWER Magazine", "url": "https://www.powermag.com/contested-5-gw-ridgeline-gas-solar-and-data-center-complex-in-west-virginia-clears-site-control-question/", "date": "2026-08-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Fundamental Data LLC Ridgeline Facility public meeting presentation (R13-3713)", "publisher": "West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Air Quality", "url": "https://dep.wv.gov/daq/permitting/Documents/Fundamental%20Data%20LLC;%20Ridgeline%20Facility/FD%20Public%20Meeting%20PowerPoint%2006.30.2025.pdf", "date": "2025-06-30", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DEP Approves Fundamental Data Air Quality Permit for Ridgeline Project", "publisher": "Parsons Advocate", "url": "https://parsonsadvocate.com/news/pa-top-stories/headlines/dep-approves-fundamental-data-air-quality-permit-for-ridgeline-project/", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Tucker power plant's air permit upheld", "publisher": "The Inter-Mountain", "url": "https://www.theintermountain.com/news/local-news/2026/02/tucker-power-plants-air-permit-upheld/", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "t5-chicago-iv-grayslake-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/t5-chicago-iv-grayslake-il", "name": "T5 @ Chicago IV", "aka": [], "city": "Grayslake", "county": "Lake County", "state": "IL", "lat": 42.3406, "lng": -88.0242, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Village issued first building permit Sept. 1, 2026; lawsuit challenging approvals pending", "developer": "T5 Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus in Grayslake, as approved by the Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025, calls for up to 472 acres of development, more than 10 million square feet of buildings and an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts supplied by ComEd. Village officials describe an expected $18 billion multi-building private investment, and the village issued the first building permit, for an 800,000-square-foot facility, on Sept. 1, 2026. A lawsuit filed in Lake County Circuit Court by the Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC and nine Lake County residents challenges the village's approvals.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1.55, "unit": "GW", "note": "approximate electrical demand supplied by ComEd", "source": "s4", "quote": "calls for up to 472 acres of development, more than 10 million square feet of buildings and an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 480, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT capacity for a 160-acre site as announced by T5 in May 2024, before the approved expansion to 472 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The 160-acre site will support up to 480 megawatts (MW) of critical IT capacity across multiple data center buildings." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 472, "note": "up to", "source": "s4", "quote": "calls for up to 472 acres of development, more than 10 million square feet of buildings and an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "note": "as many as", "source": "s3", "quote": "In Grayslake, the T5 project calls for as many as 18 buildings totaling as much as 10.1 million square feet." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 10100000, "note": "as much as", "source": "s3", "quote": "In Grayslake, the T5 project calls for as many as 18 buildings totaling as much as 10.1 million square feet." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 18000000000, "note": "expected, per village officials", "source": "s4", "quote": "The first facility, spanning 800,000 square feet, marks the operational start of an expected $18 billion multi-building private investment, village officials said." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "ComEd", "source": "s4", "quote": "an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd, with associated diesel backup generation infrastructure." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "diesel backup generation infrastructure", "source": "s4", "quote": "an electrical demand of approximately 1.55 gigawatts of power supplied by ComEd, with associated diesel backup generation infrastructure." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "None: secured without local municipal tax incentives, tax exemptions or TIF subsidies (per village); projected $1.4 billion in property tax revenue over 20 years", "source": "s3", "quote": "Secured without local municipal tax incentives, tax exemptions or TIF (tax increment financing) subsidies, the development is projected to generate $1.4 billion in property tax revenue over 20 years across local taxing bodies" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Approved by the Grayslake Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025", "source": "s4", "quote": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus, as approved by the Grayslake Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Cornerstone property along Peterson Road and Alleghany Road", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Village of Grayslake said Tuesday that it issued the initial building permit for the first facility at the T5 campus within the Cornerstone property along Peterson Road and Alleghany Road." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First 60MW in Q4 2027 (as announced May 2024)", "source": "s1", "quote": "the first 60MW of data center capacity in Q4 2027" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-02", "event": "T5 announces a 480 MW data center campus in Grayslake", "source": "s1", "quote": "T5 Data Centers Announces Further Expansion into Chicago Suburbs with New 480 MW Data Center Campus" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Grayslake Village Board completes approvals of the campus (approved between September 2024 and May 2025)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The T5 @ Chicago IV campus, as approved by the Grayslake Village Board between September 2024 and May 2025" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC and nine Lake County residents sue to challenge the village's approvals", "source": "s4", "quote": "Last month, a lawsuit was filed by the Preservation of Community Well-being Collective LLC and nine Lake County residents in Lake County Circuit Court challenging the Village of Grayslake's approvals of the T5 @ Chicago IV data center campus." }, { "date": "2026-09-01", "event": "Village issues first building permit, for an 800,000-square-foot facility", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Village of Grayslake has issued the first building permit for the T5 @ Chicago IV data center campus, allowing site work on the first building in the 472 acres of development to begin immediately, amid a lawsuit seeking to block the development." } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-10-30", "body": "Lake County Circuit Court", "description": "Initial status hearing in lawsuit challenging the village's approvals (9 a.m., Courtroom 301)", "source": "s4", "quote": "An initial status hearing in the lawsuit has been set for 9 a.m. on October 30 in Lake County Courtroom 301." } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Objectors cite inadequate public hearings and concerns about power and water usage (s2)", "A lawsuit seeks to invalidate the 2024–2025 approvals and block further permits (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "T5 Data Centers Announces Further Expansion into Chicago Suburbs with New 480 MW Data Center Campus", "publisher": "T5 Data Centers", "url": "https://t5datacenters.com/resources/t5-data-centers-announces-further-expansion-into-chicago-suburbs-with-new-480-mw-data-center-campus/", "date": "2024-05-02", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Despite village approvals, legal action expected against Grayslake data center", "publisher": "Daily Herald", "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260608/news/despite-village-approvals-legal-action-expected-against-grayslake-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Defying trends, Grayslake welcomes start of massive data center project", "publisher": "Daily Herald", "url": "https://www.dailyherald.com/20260901/news/against-the-grain-defying-trends-grayslake-welcomes-start-of-massive-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Grayslake issues first permit for construction to begin on mega data center campus as lawsuit seeks to block development", "publisher": "Lake and McHenry County Scanner", "url": "https://www.lakemchenryscanner.com/2026/09/01/grayslake-issues-first-permit-for-construction-to-begin-on-mega-data-center-campus-as-lawsuit-seeks-to-block-development/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "vantage-frontier-shackelford-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/vantage-frontier-shackelford-county-tx", "name": "Vantage Frontier Campus", "aka": [ "Stargate Shackelford County" ], "city": "Albany", "county": "Shackelford County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.735, "lng": -99.3, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Epoch AI imagery (Sept 2026) shows five building shells; Vantage targeted first building for 2H 2026, Epoch projects Aug 2027", "developer": "Vantage Data Centers", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "Frontier is Vantage Data Centers' planned 1.4 GW, 10-building, $25 billion campus on about 1,200 acres at Highways 604 and 351 in Shackelford County. OpenAI and Oracle named it a Stargate site in September 2025. The county approved a reinvestment zone and a tax abatement arrangement in July 2025, and Vantage held a groundbreaking in December 2025. As of September 2026 the buildings are still under construction.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1400, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "unit": "data centers", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3700000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 25000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "company says 'over $25 billion'", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "unit": "jobs", "note": "$25M annual payroll", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 6500, "unit": "workers", "note": "up to 6,500 at peak", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air and liquid cooling; closed-loop chiller design", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Reinvestment Zone 2025-1; Vantage to pay $10M a year for 10 years in place of property taxes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "onsite natural gas microgrid, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Vantage: first building 2H 2026; Epoch AI projects first building Aug 2027 and completion Nov 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Behind-the-meter gas microgrid using Jenbacher reciprocating engines", "source": "s8", "quote": "The data centers are powered by an onsite, behind-the-meter, gas-powered microgrid utilizing Jenbacher reciprocating engines." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 700, "unit": "MW", "note": "210 gas generators, as reported citing Business Insider and TCEQ filings", "source": "s9", "quote": "210 industrial gas generators at the Shackelford County site, with a combined capacity of 700 megawatts" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 700, "unit": "acres", "note": "Oracle fact sheet figure; conflicts with the 1,200 acres in the record", "source": "s8", "quote": "The campus will be home to 10 buildings on 700 acres totaling 3.7 million square feet." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Shackelford County Commissioners unanimously approved the project on July 21, 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "On July 21st, the Shackleford County Commissioners gave unanimous approval for the project." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "Ten-year arrangement of $10 million annual payments in lieu of property taxes", "source": "s2", "quote": "it will make $10 million in annual payments to the county in lieu of property taxes" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Up to 10 college scholarships per year for Shackelford County students for the life of the project, in addition to $10 million annual payments in lieu of taxes", "source": "s2", "quote": "Up to 10 college scholarships per year for Shackelford County students, continuing for the life of the project." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-21", "event": "Shackelford County Commissioners unanimously approve reinvestment zone and accept Vantage abatement application", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "event": "Land clearing begins, per Epoch AI", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Vantage announces $25B Frontier campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and Oracle name Shackelford County a Stargate site", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "event": "Vantage holds groundbreaking ceremony", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Steel framing begins, per Epoch AI", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Satellite imagery shows Buildings 1-5 shells complete and roofed", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Vantage Data Centers Unveils Plans for \"Frontier,\" a $25B Mega-campus in Texas to Meet Unprecedented AI Demand", "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers", "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-unveils-plans-for-frontier-a-25b-mega-campus-in-texas-to-meet-unprecedented-ai-demand/", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center plans move forward in Shackelford County", "publisher": "The Albany News", "url": "https://www.thealbanynews.net/news/data-center-plans-move-forward-shackelford-county", "date": "2025-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Albany businesses brace for change as data center construction set to boost local economy", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/new-data-center-expected-to-create-250-full-time-jobs-in-shackelford-county", "date": "2025-08-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vantage breaks ground on Texas gigawatt data center campus for OpenAI", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/vantage-breaks-ground-on-texas-gigawatt-data-center-campus-for-openai/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate Shackelford | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-shackelford", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epochai.substack.com/p/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oracle Fact Sheet: Stargate Data Centers", "publisher": "Oracle (posted by Office of Rep. Jodey Arrington)", "url": "https://arrington.house.gov/uploadedfiles/final_oracle_oai_data_center_fact_sheet_092225b.pdf", "type": "company", "date": "2025-09-23" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Oracle and OpenAI's New Off-Grid Data Center in Texas to Run on 700MW Natural Gas Microgrid", "publisher": "Construction Owners", "url": "https://www.constructionowners.com/news/oracle-and-openai-to-power-new-texas-data-center-off-the-grid", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "saline-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/saline-township-mi", "name": "Saline Township Stargate Data Center", "aka": [ "The Barn" ], "city": "Saline Township", "county": "Washtenaw County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.11667, "lng": -83.81667, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Proceeding under Oct. 2025 consent judgment after township denied rezoning; AG appeal of MPSC power-contract approval pending", "developer": "Related Digital", "endUsers": [ "Oracle", "OpenAI" ], "summary": "A $16 billion, 1,383 MW data center campus of three single-story buildings on farmland in Saline Township, Washtenaw County, developed by Related Digital for Oracle and OpenAI's Stargate effort. The township board denied rezoning in September 2025, but a consent judgment settling Related's exclusionary-zoning lawsuit let the project proceed, and construction began in November 2025. The MPSC approved DTE's power contracts in December 2025; Attorney General Dana Nessel and environmental groups are appealing.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1383, "unit": "MW", "note": "Contracted load under DTE special contracts (MPSC case U-21990)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 16000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 575, "unit": "acres", "note": "Rezoned farmland; 250-acre data center footprint; Fortune described a 1,000-acre campus", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1650000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Three 550,000-sq-ft buildings per Oracle; Fortune reported 21 million sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop, air-cooled; consent judgment bans water-intensive evaporative cooling", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Electric", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "DTE existing resources plus 1,383 MW of DTE-owned battery storage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "MPSC Case No. U-21990", "source": "s4", "quote": "DTE Electric subsequently filed an application for approval of the special contracts in Case No. U-21990." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "MISO", "note": "MPSC order requires DTE to analyze the data center's load using MISO loss-of-load results", "source": "s4", "quote": "Provide a updated analysis in its next capacity demonstration showing the impact of the data center's load on the utility's capacity requirements under direct loss of load methodology using the Midcontinent Independent System Operator Inc.'s most recent indicative direct loss of load results." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "14 diesel-fired emergency generators and 1 diesel fire water pump", "source": "s8", "quote": "the only sources of emissions will be 14 diesel-fired emergency generators and 1 diesel" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "EGLE air quality permit issued Jan. 13, 2026 for 14 diesel backup generators and one diesel firewater pump", "source": "s9", "quote": "The EGLE air quality permit issued Jan. 13 allows for the installation of 14 diesel backup generators and one diesel firewater pump for use during fire emergencies." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "Anticipated facility use per township FAQ", "source": "s8", "quote": "the facility will use roughly 20,000 gallons a day" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "On-site well with its own waste treatment system", "source": "s10", "quote": "Water at the site will not be used for cooling, and the facility will have its own well and waste treatment system." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "PA 198 industrial facilities property tax abatement (up to 50% reduction in real and personal property taxes), subject to State Tax Commission approval", "source": "s8", "quote": "industrial property tax abatements can amount to a 50% reduction in both real and personal property taxes for the duration of the abatement period. The Township has agreed to approve the abatement for a period of 12 years." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 12, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Township has agreed to approve the abatement for a period of 12 years." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Settlement includes $4 million for a township farmland preservation trust fund, $2 million for a community investment fund, $8 million for area fire services, and a decommissioning fund", "source": "s10", "quote": "The deal includes $4 million for a township farmland preservation trust fund; $2 million for a community investment fund; $8 million for area fire services; protections for area water resources; and a decommissioning fund for the facility." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Planning commission and township board (4-1) reject rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "event": "Related Digital and landowners sue township alleging exclusionary zoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Consent judgment filed in Washtenaw County Circuit Court allowing project to proceed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-17", "event": "EGLE issues a permit waiver allowing Related Digital to begin installing generators before the final air permit.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "event": "OpenAI, Oracle and Related Digital announce Stargate site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Construction begins", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "MPSC approves DTE contracts with Oracle subsidiary Green Chile Ventures, with conditions", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "EGLE issues the air quality permit for 14 diesel backup generators and a diesel firewater pump.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-01-16", "event": "EGLE issues a wetlands permit allowing a stream disturbance, culvert and three stormwater structures.", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "event": "Residents file a mandamus complaint in Washtenaw County Circuit Court alleging the Zoning Board of Appeals failed to hold a required hearing on a data center permit.", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-02-20", "event": "Washtenaw County judge denies a resident's motion to intervene in the consent judgment.", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "AG Dana Nessel appeals MPSC approval to Michigan Court of Appeals", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "event": "Financing secured (Related Digital, Blackstone-affiliated funds, PIMCO-managed accounts)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "Partners and Gov. Whitmer celebrate construction; first building nearing completion", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Nessel and environmental groups file initial briefs in consolidated appeal", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Project proceeded despite township's rejection of rezoning, via court settlement (s1)", "AG and environmental groups say MPSC approval was rushed and ex parte, with redacted contracts and risk to ratepayers (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "A Michigan farm town voted down plans for a giant OpenAI-Oracle data center. Weeks later, construction began", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/06/ai-data-center-michigan-saline-politics-farmland/", "date": "2026-05-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$16 billion data center campus in Saline Township secures financing, construction underway", "publisher": "CBS Detroit", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/saline-township-related-digital-data-center-financing-construction/", "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Township in Michigan settles lawsuit, allows data center project to proceed", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/township-in-michigan-settles-lawsuit-allows-data-center-project-to-proceed/", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "MPSC approves DTE Electric energy contracts for data center with conditions to strengthen protections for other customers", "publisher": "Michigan Public Service Commission", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2025/12/18/mpsc-approves-dte-electric-energy-contracts-for-data-center", "date": "2025-12-18", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Oracle, Related Digital, Blackstone, OpenAI, Walbridge and Governor Whitmer Celebrate Construction of Stargate Campus in Saline Township", "publisher": "Oracle", "url": "https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/related-digital-oracle-openai-walbridge-and-governor-whitmer-celebrate-construction-of-stargate-campus-in-saline-township-2026-06-01/", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "AG Nessel Files Appeal of MPSC Approval of DTE's Saline Data Center Contracts", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Attorney General", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/news/press-releases/2026/04/17/ag-nessel-files-appeal-of-mpsc-approval-of-dtes-saline-data-center-contracts", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Nessel and environmental groups file initial arguments in appeal of DTE Saline data center contract", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/08/10/nessel-and-environmental-groups-file-initial-arguments-in-appeal-of-dte-saline-data-center-contract/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Saline Township Data Center Project Information and Frequently Asked Questions", "publisher": "Saline Township", "url": "https://salinetownship.org/go.php?id=731&table=page_uploads", "type": "government", "date": "2026-01-28" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "State allowed Saline data center construction before final air quality permit approval", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/saline-data-center-air-wetlands-permits/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-24" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Saline Township settles with data center developer: 'Lesser of two evils'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/10/saline-data-center-settlement/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-21" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Judge denies Saline Township resident's move to intervene in data center settlement", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/judge-denies-data-center-intervention/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-20" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "port-washington-lighthouse-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/port-washington-lighthouse-wi", "name": "Port Washington (Lighthouse) Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "Lighthouse" ], "city": "Port Washington", "county": "Ozaukee County", "state": "WI", "lat": 43.39333, "lng": -87.88111, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking Dec. 2025; ATC refiled its grid-connection application Sept. 14, 2026 after regulators ordered a restart", "developer": "Vantage Data Centers", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "A $15 billion, four-building data center campus on 672 acres on the north side of Port Washington, Wisconsin, developed by Vantage Data Centers for OpenAI and Oracle's Stargate effort. Vantage lists 902 MW of critical IT load; local reporting cites 1.3 GW initially and up to 3.5 GW in later phases. Construction began in December 2025; in August 2026 state regulators sent ATC's $1.3 billion-plus transmission project back for a new application, which ATC refiled in September 2026, and Oracle is litigating PSC credit/collateral rules.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1300, "unit": "MW", "note": "1.3 GW initially, up to 3.5 GW in later phases, per BizTimes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 902, "unit": "MW", "note": "Critical IT load per Vantage", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 672, "unit": "acres", "note": "DNR says Vantage owns 1,644 acres in the area", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 15000000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "300 Vantage employees plus 700 tenant employees after completion", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "Peak of 4,000+ skilled construction workers over a three-year build, per Vantage/Building Trades release", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 10000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Up to 10,000 gallons daily for cooling, per BizTimes", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Air-cooled and liquid-to-liquid systems with closed-loop chilled water (developer says WUE near zero)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Developer says 70% of campus power from solar, wind and battery storage, with renewable purchases matching the rest", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "We Energies (transmission by American Transmission Co.)", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2028 (Vantage); We Energies CEO said launch on track for late 2027", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WDNR minor source construction permit 25-MIN-094 and initial operation permit 24618528A-F01 issued June 12, 2026 for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "On June 12, 2026, the DNR issued a minor source air pollution control construction permit (25-MIN-094) and initial operation permit (24618528A-F01) for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": 45, "unit": "diesel-fired emergency generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "On June 12, 2026, the DNR issued a minor source air pollution control construction permit (25-MIN-094) and initial operation permit (24618528A-F01) for 45 diesel-fired emergency generators." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PSCW docket 137-CE-229 (ATC Ozaukee County Distribution Interconnection Project)", "note": "ATC grid-connection project serving the campus", "source": "s9", "quote": "The project is subject to approval by the PSCW. Additional information about the proposed project can be found on the PSCW website under docket number 137-CE-229." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PSCW docket 6630-TE-113 (We Energies very large customer tariff; decision of May 21, 2026, challenged by Oracle)", "source": "s10", "quote": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC (\"Oracle\" or \"Petitioner\") petitions for review of the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin's (\"Commission\" or \"Respondent\") May 21, 2026 decision in Commission Docket No. 6630-TE-113." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax Incremental District No. 5: Vantage pays upfront for about $175 million in infrastructure (water and sewer main extensions, road improvements), reimbursed through the TID, which stays open up to 20 years or until Vantage is repaid", "source": "s11", "quote": "Vantage will pay upfront for an estimated $175 million in infrastructure improvements for the project — including water and sewer main extensions and road improvements — through the newly created TID." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Port Washington Common Council unanimously approved resolution creating Tax Incremental District No. 5 for the campus (November 2025)", "source": "s11", "quote": "The Port Washington Common Council unanimously approved a resolution Tuesday to create Tax Incremental District, or TID, No. 5 for the data center campus." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Common Council approves Final Development Agreement with Vantage Data Centers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-30", "event": "Vantage and Wisconsin Building Trades Council announce labor partnership for $15B+ campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Port Washington Common Council unanimously approves creation of Tax Incremental District No. 5 for the data center campus", "source": "s11" }, { "date": "2025-12-11", "event": "DNR issues WEPA compliance determination, wetland exemptions and stormwater coverage", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Groundbreaking held as construction begins", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Port Washington voters approve a referendum requiring voter approval of future large TIDs; it does not affect the TID already approved for the data center", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "DNR public hearing on air permit (comment period Mar. 3-Apr. 14)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-12", "event": "DNR issues air construction and operation permits for 45 diesel emergency generators", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "event": "Oracle files petition in Ozaukee County Circuit Court seeking review of the PSC's data center tariff decision", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Oracle credit rating falls to BBB-; PSC rejects We Energies request to reconsider collateral rules; Oracle challenges rules in Ozaukee County Circuit Court", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-08-07", "event": "PSC requires ATC to restart its application for the $1.3B+ transmission line and five substations serving the campus", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "ATC refiles its application for the grid upgrades serving the campus, dropping a Trenton-Saukville line segment and restarting the PSC's six-month review", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC v. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin", "court": "Ozaukee County Circuit Court (Case No. 2026CV000256)", "filed": "2026-06-19", "status": "pending", "summary": "Oracle seeks judicial review of the PSC's May 21, 2026 decision in docket 6630-TE-113 modifying We Energies' proposed financial support requirements for very large customers, citing its Lighthouse campus in Port Washington.", "source": "s10", "quote": "In partnership with Vantage Data Centers Wisco Acquisition Company LLC (\"Vantage\") and OpenAI, Oracle is developing the Lighthouse Data Center Campus in Port Washington, Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, a nearly one-gigawatt data center campus that will span approximately 672 acres and feature four large data center buildings" } ], "issues": [ "Oracle is suing over PSC rules requiring AAA- credit or collateral from data center customers, which could cost it over $100 million a year (s7)", "ATC grid-connection project delayed after PSC reset its 180-day review; December 2027 deadline described as in question (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Port Washington Data Center Proposal", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources", "url": "https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/EIA/Portwashington.html", "date": "2026-06-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Groundbreaking held as construction begins on $15 billion Port Washington data center", "publisher": "BizTimes Milwaukee", "url": "https://biztimes.com/groundbreaking-held-as-construction-begins-on-15b-port-washington-data-center/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data Center Project", "publisher": "City of Port Washington", "url": "https://www.portwashingtonwi.gov/Home/Components/News/News/553/15", "date": "2025", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Port Washington (Lighthouse) Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Vantage Data Centers", "url": "https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/north-america/port-washington-wisconsin", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vantage Data Centers and Wisconsin Building Trades Council Partner to Build Port Washington Data Center Development", "publisher": "Business Wire", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251030060561/en", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Wisconsin regulators send ATC back to the drawing board on data center connection project", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-psc-regulators-data-center-connection-project-atc-back-to-drawing-board-port-washington/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "We Energies says Oracle dispute won't derail Port Washington data center", "publisher": "Milwaukee Neighborhood News Service", "url": "https://milwaukeenns.org/2026/08/04/wisconsin-we-energies-oracle-dispute-port-washington-data-center-on-schedule-legal-challenge-credit-rating/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "ATC restarts push for grid upgrades serving Port Washington data center", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/09/wisconsin-port-washington-data-center-atc-restarts-push-grid-upgrades-transmission-utility/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Ozaukee County Distribution Interconnection Project", "publisher": "American Transmission Co.", "url": "https://www.atcllc.com/project/ozaukee-county-distribution-interconnection/", "type": "utility", "date": "2026-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Oracle America Cloud Services LLC v. Public Service Commission of Wisconsin, petition for review, Case No. 2026CV000256", "publisher": "Ozaukee County Circuit Court (via WPR)", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/2026CV256.pdf", "type": "court", "date": "2026-06-19" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Port Washington council approves TID for $15B data center campus as residents continue to speak out", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/port-washington-council-approves-tid", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-05" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Port Washington voters approve TID referendum", "publisher": "WUWM", "url": "https://www.wuwm.com/port-washington-tid-tax-incremental-financing-districts-referendum-april-election", "type": "news", "date": "2026-04-08" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stonebridge-fort-meade-polk-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stonebridge-fort-meade-polk-county-fl", "name": "Fort Meade Hyperscale Data Center", "aka": [ "Stonebridge Fort Meade data center" ], "city": "Fort Meade", "county": "Polk County", "state": "FL", "lat": 27.752, "lng": -81.802, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Developer agreement approved April 2026, contingent on a Southwest Florida Water Management District permit", "developer": "Stonebridge", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Maryland-based Stonebridge proposes a $2.6 billion, 4.4 million-square-foot hyperscale data center on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine in Fort Meade, Polk County, described as Florida's first. Fort Meade commissioners voted 5-0 on April 14, 2026 to approve a 20-year developer agreement, revised to be contingent on a water district permit. Florida's commerce secretary called the proposal fundamentally flawed, and Earthjustice asked the city to reconsider and revoke its approval.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 2600000000, "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4400000, "note": "initially 1.9 million sq ft, with potential to expand to 4.4 million (s1)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1300, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The proposed project is a $2.6 billion data center spanning 4.4 million square feet on a 1,300-acre former phosphate mine." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated as an estimated 1.2 gigawatts of electricity required", "source": "s5", "quote": "the facility would require an estimated 1.2 gigawatts of electricity" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "nearly 500 jobs by 2031 (developer-stated)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Developers say the facility could create nearly 500 jobs by 2031." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 50000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "developer projection; initially 140,000 gpd; state officials question the estimate", "source": "s5", "quote": "The project is expected to use about 50,000 gallons of potable water per day, though state officials question that estimate." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Upper Floridan Aquifer (city water)", "source": "s5", "quote": "The water would come from the Upper Floridan Aquifer" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer says it has reduced projected water usage from 150,000 gallons to 50,000 gallons using a closed-loop cooling system." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s2", "quote": "The facility is expected to be powered by Duke Energy, while Fort Meade residents currently receive power through the Florida Municipal Power Agency." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Fort Meade City Commission voted 5-0 on April 14, 2026 to approve the 20-year developer agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "The letter draws upon a notice that Fort Meade received from the Southwest Florida Water Management District on April 14, the same day that city commissioners voted 5-0 to approve the agreement." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Separate Southwest Florida Water Management District permit required for the city to supply 50,000 gpd; not applied for as of April 29, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "As of April 29, Fort Meade had not applied to Swiftmud for a water-use permit related to the data center, a district spokesperson said." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Fort Meade Planning and Zoning Commission approves the project and sends it to the City Commission", "source": "s1", "quote": "The city's Planning and Zoning Commission voted Tuesday to approve the project, sending it to the full City Commission for a final decision scheduled for April 14." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Florida Commerce Secretary Alex Kelly issues a letter opposing the project", "source": "s4", "quote": "presents significant risks to Central Florida's energy capacity, water resources, and transportation infrastructure." }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "City Commission votes 5-0 to approve the 20-year developer agreement, revised to be contingent on a water district permit", "source": "s6", "quote": "Upon receiving the notice from Swiftmud earlier on April 14, the city revised the development agreement at the City Commission meeting to say it was contingent upon receiving a permit from the water district." }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "Earthjustice, for the Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida, asks the city to reconsider and revoke its approval", "source": "s6", "quote": "Reichert emailed the letter dated April 24 to city commissioners, with a copy also sent to Fort Meade City Manager Troy Bell." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Florida's commerce secretary called the proposal fundamentally flawed and said water projections were woefully underestimated (s4)", "Earthjustice argues the 20-year agreement exceeds the five-year limit in Fort Meade's land development code (s6)", "Roughly 500 residents signed a petition opposing the project (s1)", "Residents raised concerns about noise pollution and environmental impact (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Fort Meade data center proposal advances despite residents' concerns", "publisher": "Spectrum News 13", "url": "https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/news/2026/04/08/fort-meade-data-center-proposal-advances-despite-resident-concerns", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Fort Meade moves forward with controversial $2.6B data center project despite community opposition", "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay", "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/fort-meade-data-center-project-community-opposition", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Fort Meade commissioners vote unanimously for hyperscale data center", "publisher": "WMNF 88.5 FM", "url": "https://www.wmnf.org/fort-meade-commissioners-vote-unanimously-for-hyperscale-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Florida's commerce secretary comes out strongly against proposed AI data center", "publisher": "WUSF", "url": "https://www.wusf.org/economy-business/2026-04-20/florida-commerce-secretary-opposes-proposed-ai-data-center", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lakeland Watching Fort Meade Data Center as Water Concerns Grow", "publisher": "LkldNow", "url": "https://www.lkldnow.com/lakeland-watching-fort-meade-data-center-as-water-concerns-grow/", "date": "2026-04-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lawyer asks Fort Meade to revoke data center because of new info", "publisher": "The Ledger (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/lawyer-asks-fort-meade-revoke-090423030.html", "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-marvel-bessemer-al", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-marvel-bessemer-al", "name": "Project Marvel", "aka": [ "QTS Bessemer", "Bessemer Hyperscale Data Center" ], "city": "Bessemer", "county": "Jefferson County", "state": "AL", "lat": 33.4, "lng": -86.95, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved Nov. 2025 and expanded to 914 acres in April 2026; residents' rezoning lawsuit dismissed with prejudice June 22, 2026.", "developer": "Logistic Land Investment LLC (TPA Group)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Marvel is a $14.5 billion hyperscale data center campus off Rock Mountain Lake Road on Bessemer's rural southwest edge, planned at about 4.5 million sq ft and up to 1,200 MW. The Bessemer City Council approved the rezoning in November 2025 and expanded it to 914 acres for up to 18 buildings in April 2026. QTS confirmed in July 2026 that it is pursuing the campus. A residents' lawsuit over the rezoning was dismissed with prejudice in June 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 14500000000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 914, "unit": "acres", "note": "rezoned area after April 2026 expansion; original request was about 700 acres", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 18, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to 1,200 MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "QTS says it will not consume water for cooling once operational", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Alabama Rivers Alliance says at least 2 million gal/day was requested from Warrior River Water Authority", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "QTS says it will not seek local property tax incentives", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Up to 10 years to complete, per developers", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Bessemer City Council approved rezoning 5-2 on Nov. 18, 2025 (Cleo King and Donna Thigpen opposed)", "source": "s8", "quote": "After the Bessemer City Council voted 5-2 to rezone nearly 700 acres of agricultural land for the \"hyperscale\" server farm, a dissenting council member said city officials who signed non-disclosure agreements weren't being transparent with citizens." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from agricultural to light industrial", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Bessemer City Council voted to rezone 914 additional acres, shifting land owned by Logistic Land Investment LLC from agricultural use to light industrial." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alabama Power", "note": "developer said Alabama Power confirmed about 1.2 gigawatts", "source": "s9", "quote": "\"About 1.2 gigawatts, which is the power confirmation that we've received from Alabama Power,\" said Rashid." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Warrior River Water Authority (with Jefferson County Sewer), per developer; discussions ongoing as of Nov. 2025", "source": "s9", "quote": "He said conversations are ongoing with the Warrior River Water Authority and Jefferson County Sewer to serve the site and that \"there are some capital improvements that need to be made to those systems that will be funded by us as the developer to achieve our utility demand there.\"" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02", "event": "City officials sign a non-disclosure agreement with the developer (later amended Feb. 2026)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Nearby residents file a lawsuit in Jefferson County Circuit Court challenging the rezoning", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Bessemer City Council gives final approval to the Project Marvel rezoning", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Council approves rezoning of 914 acres, allowing 18 data center structures across an expanded footprint", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-22", "event": "Judge David Hobdy dismisses the residents' rezoning lawsuit with prejudice", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "QTS confirms plans for the data center campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "NDA released showing officials had to destroy confidential records when it expires or when the developer asks", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Rock Mountain Lake Road residents v. City of Bessemer", "court": "Jefferson County Circuit Court", "filed": "2025-04", "status": "dismissed", "summary": "Nearby residents challenged the Project Marvel rezoning process; Judge David Hobdy granted a joint stipulation of dismissal with prejudice on June 22, 2026.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Jefferson County Circuit Court Judge David Hobdy granted a joint stipulation of dismissal on Monday, June 22, ending more than a year of litigation." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water, wildlife, noise and local infrastructure (s3)", "Alabama Rivers Alliance warns construction runoff could threaten the Birmingham darter downstream (s6)", "Homeowners alleged arbitrary and capricious spot zoning; the court dismissed their suit without giving a reason in the record (s7)", "Transparency concerns over an NDA that barred officials from disclosing the developer's identity and site plans (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s2", "title": "\"Project Marvel\" data center could come to Bessemer, Alabama", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/project-marvel-data-center-could-come-to-bessemer-alabama/", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Bessemer approves rezoning of 914 acres for 'Project Marvel' data center", "publisher": "ABC 33/40", "url": "https://abc3340.com/news/local/alabama-bessemer-approves-rezoning-of-914-acres-for-project-marvel-data-center-april-2026", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "QTS confirms plans for proposed data center campus in Bessemer", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/02/qts-confirms-plans-proposed-data-center-campus-bessemer/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Document shows Bessemer data center non-disclosure agreement required officials to destroy records", "publisher": "WBHM / Inside Climate News", "url": "https://www.wbhm.org/local-news/2026-07-14/document-shows-bessemer-data-center-non-disclosure-agreement-required-officials-to-destroy-records", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Marvel", "publisher": "Alabama Rivers Alliance", "url": "https://alabamarivers.org/project-marvel/", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Bessemer data center rezoning lawsuit dismissed", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/06/25/bessemer-data-center-rezoning-lawsuit-dismissed/", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "An Alabama City Council Approves Rezoning for a Massive Data Center, Dividing a Community", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/18112025/alabama-city-council-approves-rezoning-for-massive-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-18" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Bessemer City Council approves rezoning for $14.5 billion data center project despite transparency concerns", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2025/11/19/bessemer-city-council-approves-149-billion-data-center-project-despite-transparency-concerns/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-11-19" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stargate-abilene-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-abilene-tx", "name": "Stargate Abilene", "aka": [ "Stargate One", "Lancium Clean Campus" ], "city": "Abilene", "county": "Taylor County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.45, "lng": -99.75, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Four of eight buildings operating as of July 2026 per Epoch AI imagery (Buildings 3-4 added May 2026); Buildings 5-8 structurally complete and in fit-out, with completion targets from late 2026 to Q1 2027 across sources", "developer": "Crusoe", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI", "Oracle" ], "summary": "An eight-building AI data center campus of about 4 million sq ft on Lancium-owned land on Abilene's north side, built by Crusoe for Oracle Cloud Infrastructure and OpenAI as the flagship Stargate site. The campus targets about 1.2 GW; the first two buildings went live in September 2025 and the final building topped out in November 2025. Local officials were told in March 2026 that construction would run through early 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "note": "Full campus target; Epoch AI reported OpenAI dropped plans to expand the site to 2.1 GW", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 200, "unit": "MW", "note": "200MW+ of IT in two Phase 1 buildings (980,000 sq ft)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 8, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Approximate", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 9000, "note": "Roughly 9,000 craft workers on site daily as of March 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas, wind and solar", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "20-year property tax abatement approved by Taylor County commissioners", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Q1 2027 per March 2026 briefing (DCD reported mid-2026; Epoch AI estimated Q4 2026)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s8", "quote": "The Abilene data center connects directly to the ERCOT grid, allowing it to primarily draw from the region's robust and growing supply of renewable energy." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 360, "unit": "MW", "note": "On-site gas plant", "source": "s9", "quote": "The 1,100-acre campus, along with its 360 megawatt on-site gas plant, were among the first hyperscale AI data centers to break ground in Texas." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Gas turbines (10 built; developers seek 41 more)", "source": "s9", "quote": "In Abilene, Stargate's developers have already built 10 gas-powered turbines and 62 backup diesel generators and want to add 41 more turbines and 18 more generators to the sprawling site." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "62 backup diesel generators (18 more proposed)", "source": "s9", "quote": "In Abilene, Stargate's developers have already built 10 gas-powered turbines and 62 backup diesel generators and want to add 41 more turbines and 18 more generators to the sprawling site." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "TCEQ Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit, Registration 177263 (Abilene DC 1, LLC, Longhorn Data Center): modification to five Titan 350 simple-cycle turbines at 38 MW each (and five GE LM2500 turbines at 34.1 MW each)", "source": "s10", "quote": "Reduce the count of Titan 350 simple-cycle turbines from six to five and increase the site-rated power to 38 MW per turbine" }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "City of Abilene: 85% abatement on new improvements and personal property for 10 years, with two consecutive abatements available per site (separate from the Taylor County abatement in the record)", "source": "s11", "quote": "85% abatement on the taxable value of new improvements, repairs, and tangible personal property for 10 years, with two consecutive abatements available per site" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "A neighboring ranch home is roughly 500 yards from the site's gas power plant", "source": "s9", "quote": "Now, the site's large-scale power plant sits roughly 500 yards from her house — the exhaust stacks of gas-powered turbines clearly visible from her kitchen window." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06", "event": "Construction begins (Crusoe; DCD reports July 2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-02-11", "event": "Taylor County commissioners vote on preliminary tax agreement for Lancium site amid resident concerns", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "Crusoe announces first phase live on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Crusoe tops out final (eighth) building", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Lancium and Crusoe brief Abilene leaders; construction expected to run through Q1 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "event": "Buildings 3-4 become operational, bringing IT power to about 421 MW, per Epoch AI satellite analysis", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "event": "Chamber panel addresses resident concerns over housing, power, water and noise", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cite rising rents, grid and electricity-bill concerns, water, noise and lack of transparency (s5)", "Residents questioned tax breaks and environmental impacts at a Feb. 2025 county meeting (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Crusoe Announces Flagship Abilene Data Center is Live", "publisher": "Crusoe", "url": "https://www.crusoe.ai/resources/newsroom/crusoe-announces-flagship-abilene-data-center-is-live", "date": "2025-09-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Crusoe tops out final building at OpenAI Stargate data center campus in Abilene, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/crusoe-tops-out-final-building-at-openai-stargate-data-center-campus-in-abilene-texas/", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Construction on Stargate One data center campus set to run through early 2027", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/lancium-crusoe-executives-brief-abilene-leaders-on-major-northside-investment", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Taylor County residents raise concerns on Lancium tax breaks at commissioners meeting", "publisher": "KTXS", "url": "https://ktxs.com/news/local/taylor-county-residents-raise-concerns-on-lancium-tax-breaks-at-commissioners-meeting", "date": "2025-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Panel tackles persistent concerns around Abilene's AI boom", "publisher": "KACU", "url": "https://www.kacu.org/local-news/2026-09-02/panel-tackles-persistent-concerns-around-abilenes-ai-boom", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate Abilene | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/openai-stargate-abilene", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oracle Fact Sheet: Stargate Data Centers", "publisher": "Oracle (posted by Office of Rep. Jodey Arrington)", "url": "https://arrington.house.gov/uploadedfiles/final_oracle_oai_data_center_fact_sheet_092225b.pdf", "type": "company", "date": "2025-09-23" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Planned Texas data centers could emit significant pollution", "publisher": "The Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/07/09/texas-data-centers-ai-power-plants-pollution-state-permits/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-09" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Electric Generating Unit Standard Permit Technical Review — Abilene DC 1, LLC, Longhorn Data Center (Registration 177263)", "publisher": "Texas Commission on Environmental Quality", "url": "https://records.tceq.texas.gov/cs/idcplg?IdcService=TCEQ_EXTERNAL_SEARCH_GET_FILE&dID=8600163&Rendition=Web", "type": "government", "date": "2025-01-22" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "The Totally Easy Agenda: Abilene City Council - August 25, 2025", "publisher": "City of Abilene", "url": "https://www.abilenetx.gov/CivicSend/ViewMessage/message/268849", "type": "government", "date": "2025-08-25" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stargate-milam-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-milam-county-tx", "name": "Stargate Milam County", "aka": [ "Freebird" ], "city": "Burlington", "county": "Milam County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.79, "lng": -96.98, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Phase 1 topped out March 2026; state filing lists Oct 15 completion", "developer": "SB Energy (SoftBank)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "A planned 1.2 GW Stargate data center in Milam County, which SoftBank's SB Energy will build and operate, with OpenAI signed as tenant. OpenAI and SoftBank announced the site in September 2025 and each invested $500 million in SB Energy in January 2026. The first phase, code-named Freebird, is a 548,950 sq ft four-hall building that reportedly topped out in March 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1200, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 548950, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "Phase 1 (Freebird), four data halls, single story", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 470000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "estimated cost of Phase 1 building per state filing, as reported", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "SB Energy plans new generation (and storage) to supply most of the campus's power", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Company says the site is designed to minimize water use (no figures given)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Initial facilities in service starting 2026 (company); Phase 1 filing lists Oct 15 completion; Epoch AI projects full 1.2 GW by Q4 2028", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 595, "unit": "acres", "note": "Adjacent to SB Energy's Orion Solar Belt project, per June 2025 report", "source": "s9", "quote": "The company, owned by SoftBank Group, plans to build multiple data center buildings spanning 1.5 million square feet on 595 acres adjacent to its Orion Solar Belt project, one of the largest solar installations in the country." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop water cooling", "source": "s9", "quote": "The facilities will use a closed-loop water cooling system and emit minimal light and noise, addressing residents' environmental concerns, company representative Karl Brutsaert said in a public meeting." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Milam County approved a reinvestment zone; county said it would not consider an abatement until SB Energy signed a tenant (as of June 2025)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Milam County approved a reinvestment zone, but county officials said they will not consider a tax abatement package until SB Energy signs a tenant." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI and SoftBank announce Milam County as a Stargate site", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "OpenAI and SoftBank each invest $500M in SB Energy, which will build and operate the site", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Phase 1 reported topped out", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "event": "Filing for 548,950 sq ft Freebird Phase 1 reported", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "SoftBank Group Corp.", "url": "https://group.softbank/en/news/press/20250924", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "OpenAI and SoftBank Group partner with SB Energy", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/stargate-sb-energy-partnership/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI and SoftBank Group Partner with SB Energy", "publisher": "SB Energy", "url": "https://sbenergy.com/openai-and-softbank-group-partner-with-sb-energy/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "SoftBank's SB Energy to build and operate OpenAI's 1.2GW Stargate data center in Milam County, Texas", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/softbanks-sb-energy-to-build-and-operate-openais-12gw-stargate-data-center-in-milam-county-texas/", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epochai.substack.com/p/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "OpenAI Stargate's Milam, Texas, 'Freebird' data center to span 548,950 sq ft in first phase", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/openai-stargates-milam-texas-freebird-data-center-to-span-548950-sq-ft-in-first-phase/", "date": "2026-04-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Stargate Milam County Data Center", "publisher": "Data Center Map", "url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/texas/cameron/stargate-milam-county/", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "SB Energy's $3B data center bet wants tenants for tax breaks", "publisher": "The Real Deal", "url": "https://therealdeal.com/texas/austin/2025/06/10/softbank-groups-sb-energy-plans-3-billion-texas-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-10" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "qts-cedar-rapids-ia", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-cedar-rapids-ia", "name": "QTS Cedar Rapids Data Center Campus", "aka": [ "QTS Big Cedar" ], "city": "Cedar Rapids", "county": "Linn County", "state": "IA", "lat": 41.98, "lng": -91.67, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First three buildings topped out Oct 2025; Phase 1 expected complete 2026, Phase 2 2027", "developer": "QTS Data Centers (Blackstone)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "QTS is building a campus of up to seven data center buildings on 612 acres in the Big Cedar Industrial Center at 6200 76th Ave SW in southwest Cedar Rapids. QTS describes a $10 billion investment, and The Gazette reports about 1,050 MW of power from Alliant Energy. The city approved a development agreement with property tax and franchise fee rebates in January 2025 and amended it in December 2025; the first three buildings topped out in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1050, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate power from Alliant Energy, per The Gazette", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 612, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "up to seven", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "company-stated campus investment; city agreement minimum $750M, anticipated $1.75B", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 30, "note": "minimum 15 per phase for first two phases under city agreement; The Gazette reports 100+ full-time positions", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1200, "note": "minimum under amended agreement (previously 500)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, water-free cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Alliant Energy", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "20-year, 70% property tax rebate per phase (up to ~$1B rebated per amended agreement) plus 20-year, 75% electric franchise fee rebate; QTS pays up to $300,000/yr per phase to community betterment fund", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Phase 1 late 2026; Phase 2 late 2027", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 529000000, "unit": "USD", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to the proposed agreement, the city 'conservatively estimates that $1 billion in total property taxes could be generated,' and an estimated $529 million would be rebated back to the company." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 20, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "That money would be rebated to the company by the city over 20 annual payments." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community betterment payments of $300,000 annually for the initial phase and each additional phase, not to exceed $18 million (original proposed agreement)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Those payments would be $300,000 annually for the initial phase and $300,000 annually for each additional phase, not to exceed $18 million." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "Temporary modular, self-contained generator units for construction and commissioning, expected to operate less than six months", "source": "s9", "quote": "The plant, consisting of 'modular, self-contained generator units,' will be placed on QTS-owned property near the Eastern Iowa Airport." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-28", "event": "Cedar Rapids City Council approves development agreement with QTS", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "event": "City, Alliant Energy and QTS announce campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Ground broken (The Gazette; CBJ reports first building groundbreaking in August 2025)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "event": "First three buildings topped out", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "event": "City Council unanimously approves amended agreement raising anticipated investment to $1.75B", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright tours campus", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Linn County road use agreement required QTS back payments of $117,000+ and future road improvement funding (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Cedar Rapids - QTS Data Centers", "publisher": "QTS", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/cedar-rapids/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "QTS tops out data center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-tops-out-data-center-in-cedar-rapids-iowa/", "date": "2025-10-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "U.S. Energy Secretary tours Cedar Rapids QTS data center campus", "publisher": "The Gazette", "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/news/data-center-project-pitched-as-win-for-jobs-rates-in-iowa/article_6ba03ef8-81a2-4215-ba6c-d92188174b31.html", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Scope of QTS data project in Cedar Rapids continuing to grow", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/scope-of-qts-data-project-in-cedar-rapids-continuing-to-grow/", "date": "2025-12-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "City of Cedar Rapids, Alliant Energy, and QTS Collaborate on New Data Center Campus in Cedar Rapids", "publisher": "City of Cedar Rapids", "url": "https://cedar-rapids.org/news_detail_T6_R2180.php", "date": "2025-02-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "CBJ Newsmakers: First QTS data center buildings near completion", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/cbj-newsmakers-first-qts-data-center-buildings-near-completion/", "date": "2025-12-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Cedar Rapids council approves development agreement for QTS data center project", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/cedar-rapids-council-approves-development-agreement-for-qts-data-center-project/", "date": "2025-01-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Government Notes: Under development agreement, Cedar Rapids would rebate $529 million to data center", "publisher": "The Gazette", "url": "https://www.thegazette.com/local-government/government-notes-under-development-agreement-cedar-rapids-would-rebate-529-million-to-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-01-27" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "QTS planning temporary power plant for Cedar Rapids data center", "publisher": "Corridor Business Journal", "url": "https://corridorbusiness.com/qts-planning-temporary-power-plant-for-cedar-rapids-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-29" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "goodnight-armstrong-county-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/goodnight-armstrong-county-tx", "name": "Goodnight Campus", "aka": [ "Project Goodnight", "Google Armstrong County data center" ], "city": "Claude", "county": "Armstrong County", "state": "TX", "lat": 35.1117, "lng": -101.3632, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Crusoe began construction May 2025; completion expected late 2028 or early 2029", "developer": "Crusoe", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "An AI data center campus south of the town of Claude in Armstrong County, Texas, begun by Crusoe and folded into Google's $40 billion Texas investment announced in November 2025. ABC 7 Amarillo reports Google will be a tenant; trade outlet New Project Media reports Crusoe agreed to sell the project to Google. The campus was scaled back in 2025 to three or four buildings; its power plan combines ERCOT grid service, the adjacent Goodnight Wind Farm and on-site gas turbines.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1030, "unit": "MW", "note": "original plan: 530 MW phase 1 (four buildings) and 500 MW phase 2, per New Project Media", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 530, "unit": "MW", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1300, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 3500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "scaled back from 7 buildings to 3–4; 4 under construction as of Oct 2025", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 80, "note": "80 to 100 expected", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop / recirculating", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "ERCOT grid; 265.5 MW Goodnight Wind Farm co-location; 933 MW of off-grid gas generation", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County tax abatement agreement with Crusoe Energy Systems LLC / GN DC1 LLC; amended Oct 2025 to $1.35 million per year per building once operational", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Late 2028 or early 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCT Docket No. 59220 (SB 6 net metering application for Crusoe Load Two, a 260 MW data center, with Goodnight Wind)", "source": "s8", "quote": "On July 24, 2026, the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) issued an order in Docket No. 59220 to approve a net metering application between a data center large load and a standalone generation resource." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "ERCOT", "source": "s8", "quote": "Building on that baseline, ERCOT's recommendation in Docket No. 59220 established a cumulative 525.5 MW curtailment obligation across the two data centers behind the single wind generating facility." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "original abatement term ($5.4 million per year per phase); amended Oct. 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "The original abatement was structured to provide $5.4 million per year for 10 years as each phase was completed, with a total of $10.8 million annually once both phases were operational." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Aquifer (groundwater), with recirculating cooling", "source": "s3", "quote": "Hunt confirmed the data center will use a recirculating cooling system, limiting water use from the aquifer." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Co-location application filed with Texas regulators under SB 6 rules", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2024-11-12", "event": "Armstrong County Commissioners Court holds reinvestment zone hearing and considers tax abatements for Crusoe Energy Systems LLC / GN DC1 LLC", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Crusoe begins construction", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Commissioners unanimously approve amended abatement as project is scaled back to 3–4 buildings", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "event": "Google announces $40 billion Texas plan including a data center in Armstrong County", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Wind-powered portion of the campus sold to Ensign Infrastructure, which becomes the large load in the co-location application", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "PUCT approves net metering application in Docket No. 59220 for the co-located Armstrong County data center load, with ERCOT curtailment obligations", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The gas turbines are expected to emit 4.5 million tons of greenhouse gases a year, per Latitude Media (s6)", "Recirculating cooling limits aquifer draw to office plumbing needs, per the developer (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google announces new data center in Armstrong County, Texas", "publisher": "ABC 7 Amarillo", "url": "https://abc7amarillo.com/news/local/google-announces-new-data-center-in-armstrong-county-texas-judge-adam-ensey-crusoe-energy-ercot-southwest-power-pool-claude-texas", "date": "2025-11-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google to build three new data centers in Texas in $40 billion investment", "publisher": "Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/?p=211764", "date": "2025-11-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Armstrong County AI data center project scaled back from original plan", "publisher": "KFDA NewsChannel 10", "url": "https://www.newschannel10.com/2025/10/18/armstrong-county-ai-data-center-project-scaled-back-original-plan/", "date": "2025-10-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Notice of Meeting of the Armstrong County Commissioners' Court (Nov. 12, 2024)", "publisher": "Armstrong County, Texas", "url": "https://www.co.armstrong.tx.us/upload/page/5361/docs/2024/NOV/Nov2024.pdf", "date": "2024-11-12", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Crusoe adds natural gas, storage to Texas Panhandle energy mix as project shifts to Google ownership", "publisher": "New Project Media", "url": "https://newprojectmedia.com/origination-crusoe-adds-natural-gas-storage-to-texas-panhandle-energy-mix-as-project-shifts-to-google-ownership/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "How a Crusoe-Google campus became Texas' co-location test case", "publisher": "Latitude Media", "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/how-a-crusoe-google-campus-became-texas-co-location-test-case/", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Texas – Google Data Center Location", "publisher": "Google", "url": "https://datacenters.google/locations/texas/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "PUCT affirms curtailment authority over co-located data centers in first net metering case under Senate Bill 6", "publisher": "White & Case LLP", "url": "https://www.whitecase.com/insight-alert/puct-affirms-curtailment-authority-over-co-located-data-centers-first-net-metering", "type": "other", "date": "2026-08-05" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "global-ai-windsor-weld-county-co", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/global-ai-windsor-weld-county-co", "name": "Global AI Data Center", "aka": [ "Carestream site data center" ], "city": "Windsor", "county": "Weld County", "state": "CO", "lat": 40.4775, "lng": -104.9014, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Use by Special Review permit approved 5-0 on Sept. 9, 2026 with closed-loop cooling, noise and decommissioning-bond conditions", "developer": "Global AI", "endUsers": [], "summary": "New York-based Global AI plans a data center on 41 acres of the 438-acre former Carestream Health (Eastman Kodak) property at 2000 Howard Smith Avenue W near Windsor, starting at 27.5 MW with a stated goal of 1 GW by 2029. Weld County commissioners unanimously approved its special-use permit on Sept. 9, 2026, after the county had issued stop-work orders for unpermitted construction earlier in the summer.", "facts": [ { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 27.5, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company goal of 1 GW by 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 41, "unit": "acres", "note": "data center footprint on a 438-acre property", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Initial fill of 65,000 gallons with about 6,500 gallons annual top-off", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (permit condition)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Poudre Valley Rural Electric Association (35 MW committed)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First data hall expected operational later in 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Weld County Board of County Commissioners approved Use by Special Review permit USR26-0019, 5-0, on Sept. 9, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "The 5-0 vote followed an approximately eight-hour hearing on Sept. 9." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Global AI buys 438-acre former Carestream property for $15.6 million", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "County issues three stop-work orders and a Notice of Violation over unpermitted equipment installation (summer 2026)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Weld County Planning Commission unanimously recommends approval (week before commissioners' vote)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Board of County Commissioners votes 5-0 to approve Use by Special Review permit after eight-hour hearing", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "More than 400 written comments raised water and electricity demand, noise, and proximity to a planned 2,000-unit residential development (s1)", "Of 39 public speakers at the hearing, 3 supported the project; residents cited the company's unpermitted construction (s2, s5)", "Residents criticized limited community outreach; a company representative acknowledged it may have been a fault (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Weld County commissioners approve permit for Global AI data center", "publisher": "Colorado Newsline", "url": "https://coloradonewsline.com/2026/09/10/weld-comissioners-global-ai-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Weld County officials approve construction of what could be the largest data center in the state", "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio", "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/09/10/weld-county-officials-approve-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Weld County approves data center near Windsor", "publisher": "Denver7", "url": "https://www.denver7.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/northern-colorado/weld-county-commissioners-approve-proposed-41-acre-data-center", "date": "2026-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Weld County commissioners approve permit for Global AI data center", "publisher": "KUNC", "url": "https://www.kunc.org/news/2026-09-12/weld-county-commissioners-approve-permit-for-global-ai-data-center", "date": "2026-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Weld County officials vote to approve controversial data center", "publisher": "Colorado Public Radio", "url": "https://www.cpr.org/2026/09/09/weld-county-officials-will-vote-on-whether-to-approve-a-controversial-data-center-on-wednesday/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Global AI Clears Weld County, Colorado Zoning Hurdle, Project Could Be State's Largest Data Center", "publisher": "ConstructConnect", "url": "https://news.constructconnect.com/global-ai-data-center-clears-weld-county-zoning-hurdle-project-could-be-colorados-largest", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-el-paso-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-el-paso-tx", "name": "Meta El Paso Data Center", "aka": [], "city": "El Paso", "county": "El Paso County", "state": "TX", "lat": 31.76, "lng": -106.49, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Meta says capacity begins coming online in 2028; BlackRock-managed funds to hold 80% under July 2026 venture", "developer": "Meta (joint venture with BlackRock-managed funds)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is building a 1 GW AI data center on about 1,000 acres in Northeast El Paso, north of Stan Roberts Sr. Avenue and west of US 54. The stated investment rose from $1.5 billion in 2025 to more than $10 billion in March 2026, and a July 2026 venture put total development costs at about $14 billion. El Paso Electric has proposed a dedicated 366 MW gas plant (McCloud) next to the site, which environmental justice groups and residents oppose.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW of compute capacity", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1000, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1200000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "nearly 1.2 million sq ft, per October 2025 announcement", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 14000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "approx. total development cost under Meta-BlackRock venture; earlier stated as $1.5B (2025) and >$10B (Mar 2026)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "unit": "jobs", "note": "city incentive requires at least 50", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "unit": "workers", "note": "peak; 2,300+ onsite as of July 2026", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2500000, "unit": "gallons/day", "note": "maximum at full build-out; tiers at 100,000, 750,000 and 1.5M gpd average", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "El Paso Electric's proposed 366 MW McCloud gas plant ($473M, 813 Enchanted Rock modular generators) on 31 adjacent acres, dedicated to the data center", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "El Paso Electric", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Chapter 380 agreement: 80% city property tax rebate, ~$110M for Phase 1 (15 yrs), up to $550M across all phases (35 yrs)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Capacity starts coming online in 2028; McCloud plant expected in 2027", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCT Docket 59076 (El Paso Electric McCloud Generation)", "source": "s7", "quote": "El Paso Electric McCloud Generation (Docket 59076): PUC Staff submitted direct testimony and engineering analysis on the 366 MW natural gas facility for data center service" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Use permitted by right under existing zoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "The use is permitted by right. The property is zoned appropriately and is subject to meeting all zoning requirements." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12", "event": "El Paso City Council approves incentive agreements", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-15", "event": "Meta announces El Paso data center, >$1.5B", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-18", "event": "El Paso Electric proposes $473M McCloud gas plant to serve the data center", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-26", "event": "Meta raises stated investment to more than $10B", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "El Paso City Council votes 5-3 against beginning negotiations to end the Meta incentive agreement", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-08", "event": "State Office of Administrative Hearings begins testimony on El Paso Electric's proposed McCloud Generation Facility", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Meta announces venture with BlackRock (80% BlackRock funds / 20% Meta), ~$14B total cost", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Environmental justice groups and residents raise concerns about air pollution in an ozone-burdened city, water scarcity and utility rates (s4)", "Residents say they were earlier told the site would use solar, not fossil fuels (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Centers", "publisher": "City of El Paso", "url": "https://www.elpasotexas.gov/data-centers", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hello, El Paso!", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2025/10/hello-el-paso/", "date": "2025-10-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "El Paso Electric proposes $473 million gas plant to power Meta data center operations", "publisher": "KVIA (El Paso Matters)", "url": "https://kvia.com/news/el-paso/2026/01/18/el-paso-electric-proposes-473-million-gas-plant-to-power-meta-data-center-operations/", "date": "2026-01-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "El Paso's plan to build natural gas power plant for massive data center kicks up opposition", "publisher": "Texas Tribune (Inside Climate News)", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/01/26/texas-el-paso-meta-data-center-natural-gas-power-plant/", "date": "2026-01-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Big things are happening, El Paso!", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/03/big-things-are-happening-el-paso/", "date": "2026-03-26", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta Announces New Strategic Venture with BlackRock to Develop Data Center in El Paso", "publisher": "Meta Investor Relations", "url": "https://investor.atmeta.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2026/Meta-Announces-New-Strategic-Venture-with-BlackRock-to-Develop-Data-Center-in-El-Paso/default.aspx", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DocketWatcher — PUCT Weekly Briefing", "publisher": "DocketWatcher (Substack)", "url": "https://amitavm.substack.com/p/docketwatcher-puct-weekly-briefing", "type": "other", "date": "2026-06-22" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "El Paso city council votes to keep Meta data center incentive agreement", "publisher": "KFOX14", "url": "https://kfoxtv.com/news/local/el-paso-city-council-votes-to-keep-meta-data-center-incentive-agreement", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Key hearing begins on El Paso Electric gas plant proposal for Meta data center", "publisher": "CBS4 / KFOX14", "url": "https://cbs4local.com/news/local/key-hearing-begins-on-el-paso-electric-gas-plant-proposal-for-meta-data-center", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-08" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-lebanon-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-lebanon-in", "name": "Meta Lebanon Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Domino" ], "city": "Lebanon", "county": "Boone County", "state": "IN", "lat": 40.0484, "lng": -86.4692, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Groundbreaking February 2026; first phase targeted for late 2027 or early 2028", "developer": "Meta", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A 1,500-acre, roughly 4 million-square-foot Meta data center campus in the LEAP Innovation and Research District in Lebanon, Indiana, which Meta says represents more than $10 billion of investment. DCD reports it as a 1 GW campus using closed-loop liquid cooling. Construction began in February 2026, with the first phase targeted for late 2027 or early 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW, per DCD", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1500, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "roughly 4 million sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 13, "note": "10 data center buildings plus logistics, warehousing and administrative buildings (Feb 2026); the Aug 2025 city plan listed 15 buildings including 12 data centers", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "more than $10 billion, per Meta", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 4000, "note": "at peak", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, direct-to-chip liquid cooling with dry coolers", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 3000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "2031 average allocation projection (8 million peak); current allocation 320,000 gal/day average", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Eagle Creek Reservoir and other sources piped to LEAP district, per News and Tribune", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "10-year, 50% real property tax abatement and 35-year, 100% personal property tax abatement (city); state sales tax exemption", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase late 2027 or early 2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 134, "unit": "MW", "note": "temporary gas-fired generation by Life Cycle Power, expected through end of 2027", "source": "s8", "quote": "Texas-based Life Cycle Power submitted an air emissions permit to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in February detailing plans to supply 134 megawatts of power via gas-fired generators to the data facility." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "temporary natural gas-fired generators (65 requested in permit application; company expects about 32)", "source": "s8", "quote": "LCP's permit application requests placing 65 generators on site, but Bland told IndyStar there will likely only be 32 generators because the data center is closer than anticipated to hooking up to the regional power grid." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Life Cycle Power submitted an IDEM air emissions permit application in February for gas-fired generators", "source": "s8", "quote": "Texas-based Life Cycle Power submitted an air emissions permit to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in February detailing plans to supply 134 megawatts of power via gas-fired generators to the data facility." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "North and south of State Road 32 between County Roads 250 West and 400 West", "source": "s4", "quote": "north and south of State Road 32 between County Roads 250 West and 400 West" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Yearly $1.5 million community impact payment (reported)", "source": "s4", "quote": "META will reportedly pay a yearly $1.5 million community impact payment." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024", "event": "Lebanon City Council approves tax abatements for the project (codename Project Domino)", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-08-21", "event": "City reports planning commission approval of the 1,500-acre, 15-building plan", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "Meta confirms the project and holds groundbreaking; investment stated as more than $10 billion", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearby residents and water researchers have raised concerns about water depletion and the load shifted to power providers (s6)", "Meta says it will pay full energy and water/wastewater costs and restore 100% of consumed water to local watersheds (s2, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Details on long-expected Meta data center campus unveiled", "publisher": "Indiana Capital Chronicle", "url": "https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/2026/02/11/details-on-long-expected-meta-data-center-campus-unveiled/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta Makes Lebanon Data Center Announcement Official", "publisher": "City of Lebanon", "url": "https://lebanon.in.gov/2026/02/11/meta-makes-lebanon-data-center-announcement-official/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hello, Lebanon!", "publisher": "Meta", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/2026/02/hello-lebanon/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Meta Moves Forward in Lebanon", "publisher": "City of Lebanon", "url": "https://lebanon.in.gov/2025/08/21/meta-moves-forward-in-lebanon/", "date": "2025-08-21", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Meta announces 1GW data center campus in Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-announces-1gw-data-center-campus-in-indiana/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta's Lebanon data center to use less water than expected, but concerns persist", "publisher": "News and Tribune", "url": "https://www.newsandtribune.com/news/metas-lebanon-data-center-to-use-less-water-than-expected-but-concerns-persist/article_bb12c29c-ff8d-45ab-99fd-1e5e5bbfe3e4.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Meta breaks ground on new $10B data center campus at LEAP in Lebanon", "publisher": "The Reporter", "url": "https://readthereporter.com/meta-breaks-ground-on-new-10b-data-center-campus-at-leap-in-lebanon/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Meta data center in Lebanon plans temporary off-grid gas facility", "publisher": "IndyStar (via AOL)", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/meta-data-center-lebanon-plans-093629000.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-16" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-prometheus-new-albany-oh", "name": "Meta Prometheus", "aka": [ "Meta New Albany Data Center" ], "city": "New Albany", "county": "Franklin and Licking counties", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.081, "lng": -82.809, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Epoch AI lists the first building operating since Oct 2025 and 12 buildings (562 MW IT) operating as of Aug 2026; more buildings and on-site gas plants still under construction.", "developer": "Meta (affiliate Sidecat LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prometheus is Meta's 1 GW AI supercluster in New Albany, where Meta has operated data centers since 2017. Zuckerberg announced it in July 2025 for 2026. The site uses tent-style buildings, leased colocation space and traditional halls across a 740-acre tract. It will be powered partly by dedicated behind-the-meter natural gas plants approved by the Ohio Power Siting Board. Epoch AI's satellite-based tracker lists multiple buildings operating as of 2026, with more due through early 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "1 GW supercluster, per Zuckerberg", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 562, "unit": "MW", "note": "Epoch AI estimate of current IT power; 854 MW projected by Q1 2027", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 740, "unit": "acres", "note": "industrial campus tract in New Albany International Business Park", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Behind-the-meter gas: Socrates South and Socrates North (200 MW each, built by Williams subsidiary Will-Power), plus the 250 MW Socrates the Younger plant with 116 MW batteries (approved June 2026); Meta also cited ~440 MW of Ohio solar", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2026 (Meta's stated online year)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State 100% sales tax exemption for up to 40 years (valued at more than $37 million) for Facebook's New Albany data center, granted 2017", "source": "s8", "quote": "And the state has granted a 100 percent sales tax exemption for the facility for as many as 40 years. The total price tag for that part of the package is more than $37 million." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2017", "event": "Meta breaks ground on New Albany data center", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Ohio Power Siting Board approves the 200 MW Socrates South gas plant for Meta affiliate Sidecat's campus", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-14", "event": "Zuckerberg announces Prometheus, a 1 GW cluster to come online in 2026", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Building 1 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Buildings 2-6 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Tent buildings 7-11 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "OPSB authorizes the 250 MW Socrates the Younger plant (Case 26-0169-EL-BLN) to serve adjacent Meta data center", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Building 12 operating, per Epoch AI", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "On-site gas plants: the Socrates plants need about 30 gas turbines and eight diesel generators per plant, per Inc. (s1)", "AEP Ohio estimates 7-10 years for full regional transmission buildout (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "How Mark Zuckerberg Is Going to Power Meta's New AI Supercluster, Prometheus", "publisher": "Inc.", "url": "https://www.inc.com/chloe-aiello/how-mark-zuckerberg-is-going-to-power-metas-new-ai-supercluster-prometheus/91214169", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Meta's Dual-Track Data Center Strategy: Owning AI Campuses, Leasing Cloud, and Expanding Nationwide", "publisher": "Data Center Frontier", "url": "https://www.datacenterfrontier.com/hyperscale/article/55310441/ownership-and-power-challenges-in-metas-hyperion-and-prometheus-data-centers", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Ohio regulators approve construction of 200MW gas power plant to serve Meta's New Albany data center", "publisher": "DCD", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/ohio-regulators-approve-construction-of-200mw-gas-power-plant-to-serve-meta-data-center-in-new-albany-ohio/", "date": "2025-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Socrates Power Solution Facilities", "publisher": "Williams Companies", "url": "https://www.williams.com/expansion-project/socrates-power-solution-facilities/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "OPSB authorizes construction of Licking County power plant", "publisher": "Ohio Power Siting Board", "url": "https://opsb.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/opsb/news/opsb-authorizes-construction-of-licking-county-power-plant-0626", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Here is how the New Albany Data Center is supporting the long-term vitality of Ohio", "publisher": "Meta Data Centers", "url": "https://datacenters.atmeta.com/ohio-new-albany/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Meta Prometheus | AI Data Centers", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-data-centers/directory/meta-prometheus", "date": "2026-09-21", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Behind New Albany's Facebook Data Center: Many Tax Breaks But Few Details", "publisher": "WOSU Public Media", "url": "https://www.wosu.org/news/2017-08-18/behind-new-albanys-facebook-data-center-many-tax-breaks-but-few-details", "type": "news", "date": "2017-08-18" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "polaris-forge-1-ellendale-nd", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/polaris-forge-1-ellendale-nd", "name": "Polaris Forge 1", "aka": [ "Applied Digital Ellendale campus" ], "city": "Ellendale", "county": "Dickey County", "state": "ND", "lat": 46.0027, "lng": -98.527, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Building 1 (100 MW) fully energized Nov 2025; Buildings 2–3 under construction/planned", "developer": "Applied Digital", "endUsers": [ "CoreWeave" ], "summary": "Applied Digital's 400 MW AI data center campus in Ellendale, North Dakota, fully leased to CoreWeave under 15-year agreements, on a site that began in 2023 as a cryptocurrency hosting facility. The first 100 MW building was fully ready for service in November 2025; a 150 MW second building and 150 MW third building are slated for 2026 and 2027. Applied Digital says the campus could scale to 1 GW.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 400, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load, fully contracted to CoreWeave", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 100, "unit": "MW", "note": "Building 1", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "company says campus designed to scale to 1 GW over time", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "100 MW, 150 MW and 150 MW buildings", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop recirculating water; company calls it waterless cooling", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Montana-Dakota Utilities", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid power, which the company and city describe as excess wind power", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Full capacity mid-to-late 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "MISO", "note": "stated for the Applied Digital Ellendale load when the PSC approved the MDU electric service agreement in 2023", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Applied Digital load will be purchased from the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) market and will not impact Montana-Dakota customers' power supply." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "ND DEQ Air Pollution Control Permit to Construct ACP-18296 v1.0 (synthetic minor) for the ELN Generation Plant, 9663 87th Ave. SE, Ellendale; posted by DEQ as a draft", "note": "application dated December 4, 2024, with June 28, 2025 modeling support", "source": "s10", "quote": "Permit Number: ACP-18296 v1.0 Permit Description: Synthetic Minor Source Name & Location: ELN Generation Plant 9663 87th Ave. SE Ellendale, ND 58436" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-09", "event": "Construction begins at the Ellendale campus", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2023-06-06", "event": "North Dakota Public Service Commission unanimously approves Montana-Dakota Utilities' electric service agreement to serve Applied Digital's data center near Ellendale", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2024-12-10", "event": "Applied Digital petitions to annex the data center into the city of Ellendale", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-06-02", "event": "Applied Digital signs 250 MW of 15-year leases with CoreWeave (~$7 billion)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-29", "event": "CoreWeave signs additional 150 MW lease, bringing Polaris Forge 1 to 400 MW", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Phase I of Building 1 reaches ready for service", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "event": "Phase II ready for service; Building 1 fully energized at 100 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Dickey County closes several roads damaged by construction traffic", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Construction traffic has damaged county roads, leading to closures; repairs funded jointly by state grant, city, county and Applied Digital (s8)", "Rents in Ellendale have roughly doubled and some lower-income families have moved, per South Dakota Searchlight (s4)", "Residents report an audible hum from the site's first (crypto) facility within about a mile (s4)", "Montana-Dakota Utilities customers have received rate credits tied to the data center load (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Applied Digital Completes Phase II Ready for Service at Polaris Forge 1, Fully Energizing First 100 MW Building", "publisher": "Applied Digital", "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/137/applied-digital-completes-phase-ii-ready-for-service-at", "date": "2025-11-24", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Applied Digital Finalizes Additional 150MW Lease with CoreWeave in North Dakota", "publisher": "Applied Digital", "url": "https://ir.applieddigital.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/128/applied-digital-finalizes-additional-150mw-lease-with", "date": "2025-08-29", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Applied Digital signs 250MW agreement with CoreWeave for capacity at Ellendale campus, North Dakota", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/applied-digital-signs-250mw-agreement-with-coreweave-for-capacity-at-ellendale-campus-north-dakota/", "date": "2025-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "North Dakota town serves as an example of the promise and perils of data centers for South Dakota", "publisher": "South Dakota Searchlight", "url": "https://southdakotasearchlight.com/2026/01/30/north-dakota-town-serves-as-an-example-of-the-promise-and-perils-of-data-centers-for-south-dakota/", "date": "2026-01-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Ellendale acts as test case for data centers", "publisher": "KFYR-TV", "url": "https://www.kfyrtv.com/2026/03/06/ellendale-acts-test-case-data-centers/", "date": "2026-03-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "DCL: Applied Digital Answers Ellendale AI Data Center Questions on Roads and Water", "publisher": "KSJB AM 600", "url": "https://www.ksjbam.com/2026/06/04/dcl-applied-digital-answers-ellendale-ai-data-center-questions-on-roads-and-water/", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Data center requests annexation into Ellendale", "publisher": "North Dakota Monitor", "url": "https://northdakotamonitor.com/briefs/data-center-requests-annexation-into-ellendale/", "date": "2024-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Vehicles tied to AI data center construction causing severe road damage in Dickey County", "publisher": "KFGO", "url": "https://kfgo.com/2026/04/21/vehicles-tied-to-ai-data-center-construction-causing-severe-road-damage-in-dickey-county/", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "MDU Resources Subsidiary Receives Regulatory Approval to Serve Large Data Center Electric Load", "publisher": "MDU Resources (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mdu-resources-subsidiary-receives-regulatory-approval-to-serve-large-data-center-electric-load-301844256.html", "type": "company", "date": "2023-06-06" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Air Pollution Control Permit to Construct ACP-18296 v1.0 (draft)", "publisher": "North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://deq.nd.gov/aq/Notices/ELN/DRAFTACP18296v10.pdf", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-boulder-colleton-county-sc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-boulder-colleton-county-sc", "name": "Project Boulder", "aka": [ "Eagle Rock Partners Colleton County data center", "Cooks Hill Road data center" ], "city": "Walterboro", "county": "Colleton County", "state": "SC", "lat": 32.9052, "lng": -80.6668, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Needs a special exception from the Board of Zoning Appeals; enabling ordinance challenged in court", "developer": "Eagle Rock Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Charlotte-based Eagle Rock Partners, with Thomas & Hutton, proposes a 1,000 MW, nine-building data center campus on about 859 acres of rural timberland along Cooks Hill Road south of Walterboro, in the ACE Basin watershed. The project requires a special exception from the county Board of Zoning Appeals, and landowners have sued over the ordinance that allows data centers in rural zones. Seven of nine Colleton County state legislators signed a resolution opposing it.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 859, "unit": "acres", "note": "includes about 234.5 acres of wetlands; potential expansion to 2,600 acres (s4)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 9, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 450, "note": "developer-stated job opportunities", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "About 500,000 gallons to fill closed-loop system", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop non-evaporative", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Would use roughly half the capacity of the proposed Canadys Station gas plant", "source": "s5" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "County Council approves text amendment allowing data centers in Rural Development zone by special exception (fall 2025)", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Board of Zoning Appeals holds hearing on special exception; residents voice opposition, no vote taken", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "event": "Two landowners, represented by SELC, sue Colleton County over the data center ordinance", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "event": "Seven of nine Colleton County legislators sign resolution opposing the project", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "County adopts six-month moratorium on data center development", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "County Council unanimously adopts Digital Infrastructure Overlay District, partially repealing the moratorium", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Crosby and Singleton v. Colleton County", "court": "South Carolina state court, Colleton County", "filed": "2026-01-09", "status": "pending", "summary": "Two county residents represented by the Southern Environmental Law Center challenge the zoning ordinance allowing data centers in rural areas by special exception, arguing it violates state law, the comprehensive plan and the zoning code.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Today, on behalf of Colleton County residents Miles Crosby and Jennifer Singleton, the Southern Environmental Law Center filed a complaint in state court in Colleton County to challenge the recently passed zoning ordinance that allows data centers to be built in rural areas of the county with a \"special exception.\"" } ], "issues": [ "Opponents say the site in the ACE Basin headwaters, about 6 miles from the Ashepoo River, threatens a protected estuary (s1, s3)", "Residents cited insufficient public notice and secrecy around the proposal (s1, s5)", "Residents raised concerns about energy demand, property values and wetlands (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Colleton County data center proposal draws opposition at zoning hearing", "publisher": "Live 5 News (WCSC)", "url": "https://www.live5news.com/2025/12/19/colleton-county-data-center-proposal-draws-opposition-zoning-hearing/", "date": "2025-12-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Landowners sue Colleton County over data center ordinance", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/landowners-sue-colleton-county-over-data-center-ordinance/", "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "SC legislators denounce Lowcountry data center while mulling regulations for the industry", "publisher": "SC Daily Gazette", "url": "https://scdailygazette.com/2026/02/05/sc-legislators-denounce-lowcountry-data-center-while-mulling-regulations-for-the-industry/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Proposed Data Center Campus in Colleton County", "publisher": "South Carolina Environmental Law Project", "url": "https://www.scelp.org/news/colleton-data-center", "date": "2026-03-06", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New data center developments in South Carolina are shrouded in secrecy, residents say", "publisher": "The Post and Courier", "url": "https://www.postandcourier.com/rising-waters/data-center-secrecy-water-power-electric-colleton-county/article_5434700a-6506-4115-980f-51cf7440b5fb.html", "date": "2026-03-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Residents sue Colleton County over proposed data center", "publisher": "WCBD News 2", "url": "https://www.aol.com/articles/residents-sue-colleton-county-over-080417646.html", "date": "2026", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Colleton County approves controversial data center rules despite pushback", "publisher": "Live 5 News (WCSC)", "url": "https://www.live5news.com/2026/09/15/colleton-county-approves-controversial-data-center-rules-despite-pushback/", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-cannoli-van-buren-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cannoli-van-buren-township-mi", "name": "Project Cannoli", "aka": [ "Google Van Buren Township data center" ], "city": "Van Buren Township", "county": "Wayne County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.2211, "lng": -83.4855, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Township site plan and tax abatement approvals granted in 2026; DTE power contracts under contested-case review at the Michigan PSC", "developer": "Panattoni Development", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "Panattoni Development is building out a 1 GW data center campus for Google on about 282 acres north of I-94 between Haggerty Road and I-275 in Van Buren Township. The Planning Commission granted preliminary site plan approval 5-2 in February 2026, Google was confirmed as the user in March, and township officials approved a substation site plan and a roughly $125 million local tax break in May. DTE Energy's power contracts for the site are before the Michigan Public Service Commission in a contested case.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 1000, "unit": "MW", "note": "maximum load", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 282, "unit": "acres", "note": "130 acres to remain undeveloped", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 800000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "note": "two air-cooled, one water-cooled", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 3600000, "note": "stated as 2-3.6 million gallons per day", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "DTE grid; Google-backed 1.6 GW of renewables and up to 480 MW of storage under 20-year contracts", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$125 million local tax break (50% reduction)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 51, "note": "minimum commitment", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Load starting December 2027; maximum load December 2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "MPSC Case U-22058", "source": "s9", "quote": "The two contracts proposed by DTE to service the 1-gigawatt Google AI data center, a primary supply agreement (PDF) and clean capacity accelerator agreement (PDF), are subject to the Michigan Public Service Commission's Case U-22058" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "M-1 district (data center and network service buildings permitted by right; no rezoning or variances required); office and security buildings in C-1", "source": "s10", "quote": "The data center and network service buildings are permitted uses under the M-1 zoning district where they will be located." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "East of Haggerty Road, north of the I-94 Service Drive, west of Hannan Road, and south of I-275 (developer PDC VBT, LLC)", "note": "the agreement lists dozens of tax parcel IDs, e.g. 83-050-99-0005-000", "source": "s10", "quote": "located in the Township east of Haggerty Road, north of the I-94 Service Drive, west of Hannan Road, and south of I-275" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Great Lakes Water Authority (GLWA) system via a connection to the 42-inch GLWA main at Tyler and Haggerty roads", "source": "s10", "quote": "The Project will connect to the GLWA system via meter pit and a water distribution main that will connect to the 42-inch Great Lakes Water Authority main at the Tyler Road and Haggerty Road intersection." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Township sanitary sewer to accept up to 1.15 cfs (0.75 mgd) of cooling tower blowdown in dry weather only, under a Sanitary Operations and Discharge Agreement; domestic sewer flow estimated at 50,000 gpd", "source": "s10", "quote": "The Township will accept a maximum discharge rate of 1.15 cfs (0.75 mgd) of cooling tower blowdown during dry weather conditions only as defined in the Sanitary Operations and Discharge Agreement." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-02-11", "event": "Planning Commission grants preliminary site plan approval 5-2", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-17", "event": "Google and DTE Energy confirm Google as the company behind the project; Google commits to a contested case at the MPSC", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Planning Commission approves site plan for substation/switching station", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "Board of Trustees meeting on the project; development agreement dated May 20", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Michigan Attorney General files brief opposing DTE's proposed 80% minimum billing demand", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised noise, utility use, and wildlife impacts; about 10 acres of wetlands would be filled (s2, s7)", "A citizens' petition against the project drew over 1,800 signatures (s4)", "DTE says the contracts would bring about $1.7 billion in affordability benefits for existing customers; the Attorney General and environmental groups have challenged contract terms (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Center FAQ", "publisher": "Charter Township of Van Buren", "url": "https://vbtmi.gov/departments/municipal_services/data_center_project.php", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Van Buren Township advances 1 GW 'Project Cannoli' data center: 'It's a big decision'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/02/project-cannoli-preliminary-site-plan/", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Van Buren Township OKs Google data center substation", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/05/google-data-center-substation/", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Van Buren Twp officials dole out $125 million in tax breaks for Google data center", "publisher": "The Midwesterner", "url": "https://www.themidwesterner.news/2026/05/van-buren-twp-officials-dole-out-125-million-in-tax-breaks-for-google-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google and DTE announce Van Buren Township data center agreement, commit to contested case hearing", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2026/03/17/google-and-dte-announce-van-buren-township-data-center-agreement-commit-to-contested-case-hearing/", "date": "2026-03-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "DTE wants approval for Google data center power contracts: What's at stake with 1-gigawatt Van Buren Township project?", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/09/google-dte-van-buren-data-center-contracts/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Data center plan heads to Van Buren Township board despite community opposition", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/data-centers/data-center-plan-heads-to-van-buren-township-board-despite-community-opposition", "date": "2026-02-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google confirmed as company behind Van Buren Township data center plan", "publisher": "CBS Detroit", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/detroit/news/google-van-buren-township-data-center-plan/", "date": "2026-03-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "AG Nessel Files Testimony to Protect Ratepayers in Google Data Center Proposal", "publisher": "Michigan Department of Attorney General", "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/ag/news/press-releases/2026/06/11/ag-nessel-files-testimony-to-protect-ratepayers-in-google-data-center-proposal", "type": "government", "date": "2026-06-11" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Development Agreement between PDC VBT, LLC and Charter Township of Van Buren", "publisher": "Charter Township of Van Buren", "url": "https://cms9files.revize.com/vanburentwp/Document_Center/Department/Municipal%20Services/Development%20Agreement%20VBT%202026.05.20%20final.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2026-05-20" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-sail-coweta-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-sail-coweta-county-ga", "name": "Project Sail", "aka": [], "city": "Newnan", "county": "Coweta County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.38, "lng": -84.8, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved 3-2 in April 2026; residents' appeal pending in Coweta County Superior Court (filed 2026-05-05)", "developer": "Atlas Development LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Sail is a proposed nine-building, roughly 4.3 million sq ft hyperscale data center campus on about 829-832 acres near Sargent Road and Wagers Mill Road near Welcome, outside Newnan. Atlas Development filed the plan in early 2025, and AJC and DCD identify Prologis as the developer; press reports put it at about 900 MW and $17 billion. Coweta commissioners approved the rezoning from rural conservation to industrial 3-2 in April 2026, and residents sued to reverse it in May 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 900, "unit": "MW", "note": "estimated power use", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 829, "note": "DCD and Times-Herald report 832 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 9, "note": "original 2025 plan called for 13 buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4340000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 300000, "note": "approximate, per Times-Herald", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Original 2025 filing projected completion by 2036-12-31", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 6000000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Chattahoochee Riverkeeper figure at peak operation and full buildout (Sept. 2025 fact sheet, on the earlier plan); conflicts with the Times-Herald figure of about 300,000 gal/day in the record", "source": "s8", "quote": "At peak operation and full buildout, the data center campus will use 6 million gallons of water per day" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-12-31", "event": "Atlas Development proposes $17B, 13-building data center campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Reports emerge of potential sale to Prologis", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Rezoning request revised from light industrial to industrial", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves rezoning 3-2 (McKenzie and Blackburn opposed)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-05", "event": "Residents file appeal and declaratory judgment petition in Coweta County Superior Court against the county and Atlas Development", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Bockrath et al. v. Coweta County and Atlas Development LLC", "court": "Coweta County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-05-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents' petition seeks to void the rezoning of about 829 acres from Rural Conservation to Industrial, alleging procedural and environmental violations.", "source": "s2", "quote": "The petition, filed May 5 in Coweta County Superior Court against Coweta County and Atlas Development LLC, asks a judge to void the rezoning of approximately 829 acres near Sargent Road and Wagers Mill Road from Rural Conservation to Industrial zoning." } ], "issues": [ "Opponents (Citizens for Rural Coweta) call the rezoning spot zoning creating an industrial island (s1)", "Lawsuit alleges procedural violations and disregard for groundwater recharge areas, wetlands and watershed impacts, and says a new regional impact review was required (s2)", "Annual tax revenue estimate was revised from about $1 billion to about $100 million (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Coweta Commissioners Approve Project Sail Data Center in 3–2 Vote", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/04/10/coweta-commissioners-approve-project-sail-data-center-in-3-2-vote/", "date": "2026-04-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Coweta Residents Sue to Block Project Sail Data Center", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2026/05/11/coweta-residents-sue-to-block-project-sail-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Coweta votes to turn this 800-acre forest into $17B data center campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/04/coweta-votes-to-turn-this-800-acre-forest-into-17b-data-center-campus/", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Prologis' 900MW 'Project Sail' gets the go-ahead in Coweta County, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/prologis-900mw-project-sail-gets-the-go-ahead-in-coweta-county-georgia/", "date": "2026-04-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Plans for $17 billion 'Project Sail' data center proposed for Coweta County", "publisher": "WSB-TV", "url": "https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/coweta-county/plans-17-billion-project-sail-data-center-proposed-coweta-county/FESMAPZCOZE5JERPQXJWTIZRCY/", "date": "2025-01-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Coweta residents file appeal to reverse Project Sail zoning decision", "publisher": "The Times-Herald", "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/coweta-residents-file-appeal-to-reverse-project-sail-zoning-decision/article_819c2d7f-7539-4562-84d7-19026b64a832.html", "date": "2026-05-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Where Coweta's five proposed data centers stand", "publisher": "The Times-Herald", "url": "https://www.times-herald.com/data_center/where-cowetas-five-proposed-data-centers-stand/article_55ee204a-0e00-43e4-9ad1-78c92b679d06.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Coweta County Project Sail Data Center FAQ", "publisher": "Chattahoochee Riverkeeper", "url": "https://chattahoochee.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Project-Sail-Fact-Sheet-September-2025.pdf", "type": "other", "date": "2025-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "brightseat-tech-park-landover-md", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/brightseat-tech-park-landover-md", "name": "Brightseat Tech Park", "aka": [ "Landover Mall data center" ], "city": "Landover", "county": "Prince George's County", "state": "MD", "lat": 38.934, "lng": -76.896, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Planning approvals granted in 2024; County Council approved a two-year data center moratorium in July 2026", "developer": "Lerner Enterprises", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Lerner Enterprises' Brightseat Tech Park would develop around 4.1 million square feet of data center space on the 87-acre former Landover Mall site, with 820MW across five data centers and up to $5 billion invested. The Prince George's County Planning Board unanimously approved the application in March 2024. In September 2025 the county executive delayed data center approvals, and in July 2026 the County Council approved a two-year moratorium on data center permitting and development.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 87, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "Spanning an 87-acre site, the Brightseat Tech Park project would span around 4.1 million sq ft (380,900 sqm) of potential data center space." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 4100000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "around 4.1 million sq ft of potential data center space", "source": "s2", "quote": "Spanning an 87-acre site, the Brightseat Tech Park project would span around 4.1 million sq ft (380,900 sqm) of potential data center space." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 820, "unit": "MW", "note": "across five data centers", "source": "s3", "quote": "820MW across five data centers" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s6", "quote": "a 'hyperscale' data center that would feature five buildings and use 820 megawatts of electricity, enough to power 656,000 homes at any given time." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "up to $5 billion", "source": "s3", "quote": "could see up to $5 billion invested" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Early-stage application filed for a 'qualified data center' on the site", "source": "s2", "quote": "Lerner, as a potential backup if it lost out, last year filed an early-stage application with Prince George's County's land use regulatory agency for a 'qualified data center' on the site." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08-16", "event": "Reports say Lerner has filed a natural resources inventory for the former Landover Mall site, a first step toward a data center, while the site competes for the FBI headquarters", "source": "s1", "quote": "the first step toward the development of a data center" }, { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Prince George's County Planning Board unanimously approves Lerner's application to develop data centers on the site", "source": "s2", "quote": "Prince George's County Planning Board last week unanimously approved Lerner's application to develop data centers on the site in Landover, to the east of Washington DC." }, { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Project gains final plan approvals", "source": "s3", "quote": "gained final plan approvals this month" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "County Executive Aisha Braveboy signs executive order delaying data center approvals until Dec. 31; County Council votes unanimously for a six-month pause", "source": "s4", "quote": "County Executive Aisha Braveboy signed an executive order on Monday that delays the approval process for data centers until Dec. 31." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "County Council approves a two-year moratorium on data center permitting and development", "source": "s8", "quote": "Council members approved a two-year moratorium, or temporary ban, on data center permitting and development in July." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Council committee unanimously recommends legislation to reinstate detailed site plan review for data centers", "source": "s8", "quote": "Members of the council's Planning, Housing and Economic Development Committee unanimously recommended the new legislation on Thursday" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A resident petition against the project gathered more than 21,000 signatures (s6)", "Opponents cite environmental concerns and potential energy and water use (s5)", "Council Chair Krystal Oriadha described the Landover Mall project, which the county is trying to stop, as harmful (s7)", "Lerner Enterprises had not applied for additional permits as of January 2026, according to a council member (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Landover Mall site earmarked for FBI headquarters could become data center instead", "publisher": "NBC4 Washington", "url": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/prince-georges-county/landover-mall-site-earmarked-for-fbi-headquarters-could-become-data-center-instead/3405776/", "date": "2023-08-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Maryland planning board approves Lerner's application for data centers on former mall site", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/maryland-planning-board-approves-lerners-application-for-data-centers-on-former-mall-site/", "date": "2024-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lerner's Maryland data center campus could total 820MW", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/lerners-maryland-data-center-campus-could-total-820mw/", "date": "2024-10-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Prince George's County leaders pause data center development plans amid resident concerns", "publisher": "The Diamondback", "url": "https://dbknews.com/2025/09/19/prince-georges-county-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Dozens rally in Prince George's County against data center project at abandoned mall site", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/maryland/2025/09/dozens-rally-against-data-center-project-at-abandoned-mall-site/", "date": "2025-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Data centers spark 'fight for the soul' of a mostly Black MD county", "publisher": "The Daily Record (The Washington Post)", "url": "https://thedailyrecord.com/2026/01/02/landsover-mall-data-center-opposition-prince-georges/", "date": "2026-01-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Two-year moratorium on data center development passes in Prince George's Co.", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-georges-county/2026/07/prince-georges-co-extends-pause-on-hyperscale-data-center-development/", "date": "2026-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Prince George's County Council advances bill to reinstate data center site plan reviews", "publisher": "The Diamondback", "url": "https://dbknews.com/2026/09/17/data-centers-prince-georges-county/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "lake-mariner-somerset-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/lake-mariner-somerset-ny", "name": "Lake Mariner", "aka": [ "TeraWulf Lake Mariner" ], "city": "Somerset", "county": "Niagara County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.3281, "lng": -78.5536, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "102 MW of AI capacity online July 2026; 336 MW (CB-4, CB-5) under construction", "developer": "TeraWulf", "endUsers": [ "Fluidstack" ], "summary": "TeraWulf's data center campus on the site of a former coal-fired power plant in Somerset, Niagara County, New York, which began with bitcoin mining and is expanding into AI hosting for Fluidstack, with Google backstopping part of Fluidstack's lease obligations. TeraWulf reported 102 MW of revenue-generating AI capacity online in July 2026, with 336 MW more under construction in buildings CB-4 and CB-5. Power comes mainly from New York Power Authority hydropower plus NYSEG.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 360, "unit": "MW", "note": "Fluidstack critical IT across CB-3, CB-4 and CB-5", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 750, "unit": "MW", "note": "total power allocated from NYSEG and NYPA", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 410, "unit": "acres", "note": "total parcel", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "potential full-time workforce with AI buildings, up from 52", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 90% hydropower from New York Power Authority, remainder NYSEG; dual 345 kV lines", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water cooling", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "CB-4 phased delivery H2 2026; CB-5 early 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Planned Unit Development district amendment, site plan, SEQR review and special use permit", "source": "s4", "quote": "a special joint planning board and town board meeting would be held on Thursday night for approving an amendment to the Planned Unit Development district where the data centers are located, a site plan, SEQR review, and a special use permit." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "New York State internet data center sales tax exemption; Niagara County disputes Lake Mariner's eligibility and has authorized legal action", "source": "s7", "quote": "The Legislature is concerned this decades-old exemption is being wrongly claimed by internet data centers like Lake Mariner in the Town of Somerset, costing state and local governments millions in tax dollars." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-08", "event": "TeraWulf plans AI buildings; Niagara County Planning Board review and town hearing scheduled", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-08-14", "event": "TeraWulf signs 200+ MW, 10-year hosting agreements with Fluidstack; Google backstops $1.8 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Fluidstack adds 160 MW CB-5 lease; Google backstop rises to about $3.2 billion", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10-25", "event": "Somerset Planning Board and Town Board unanimously approve expansion on 61 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "CB-3 delivered, bringing AI capacity online to 102 MW", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A nearby resident reports noise disrupting sleep; some criticize adjacent solar expansion (s6)", "Local Assemblyman Paul Bologna supports the project as good for Niagara County (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "TeraWulf Signs 200+ MW, 10-Year AI Hosting Agreements with Fluidstack", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/112/terawulf-signs-200-mw-10-year-ai-hosting-agreements-with", "date": "2025-08-14", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "TeraWulf Announces Fluidstack Expansion with 160 MW CB-5 Lease at Lake Mariner", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/114/terawulf-announces-fluidstack-expansion-with-160-mw-cb-5-lease-at-lake-mariner", "date": "2025-08-18", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "TeraWulf Reports Second Quarter 2026 Results", "publisher": "TeraWulf", "url": "https://investors.terawulf.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/144/terawulf-reports-second-quarter-2026-results", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lake Mariner campus adding more AI data center capacity", "publisher": "Niagara Gazette (via Yahoo Finance)", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lake-mariner-campus-adding-more-111600474.html", "date": "2025-10-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "New Somerset, N.Y., Data Center Buildings Would House AI", "publisher": "Lockport Union-Sun & Journal (via GovTech)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/new-somerset-n-y-data-center-buildings-would-house-ai", "date": "2024-10-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Proposed data centers dividing New Yorkers", "publisher": "Spectrum News State of Politics", "url": "https://nystateofpolitics.com/state-of-politics/new-york/environment/2026/07/07/proposed-data-centers-divide-new-yorkers", "date": "2026-07-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Niagara County Legislature Calls on Hochul to Audit Internet Sales Tax Exemption", "publisher": "Niagara County (via EIN Presswire)", "url": "https://www.einpresswire.com/article/932321951/niagara-county-legislature-calls-on-hochul-to-audit-internet-sales-tax-exemption", "type": "government", "date": "2026-08-06" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "farmington-technology-park-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/farmington-technology-park-mn", "name": "Farmington Technology Park", "aka": [ "Tract Farmington data center" ], "city": "Farmington", "county": "Dakota County", "state": "MN", "lat": 44.64, "lng": -93.14, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City approvals completed in 2024; on Sept. 16, 2026 the city reported that plaintiffs in both lawsuits against it had filed dismissals, pending final court direction.", "developer": "Tract", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Denver-based developer Tract plans the Farmington Technology Park, a data center campus of up to 12 buildings and 2.5 million sq ft on 340+ acres of former school district land and a defunct golf course. It is reported at $5 billion and 708 MW. The Farmington City Council approved the annexation, rezoning, PUD and development agreement in 2024. Residents in the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development sued, and in September 2026 they announced they were dropping the suit because of legal costs.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 340, "unit": "acres", "note": "340+ acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "up to 12 data center buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2500000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 708, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "note": "up to 300", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned and comprehensive plan designation amended to Mixed Use Commercial/Industrial (MUCI), with Preliminary Plat and PUD (Ordinance 2024-11; Resolutions 2024-98, 2024-99)", "source": "s2", "quote": "City Council APPROVES Tract's Preliminary Plat and PUD (Resolution 2024-99) and Rezoning (Ordinance 2024-11) applications, AND 2040 Comprehensive Plan amendment for Farmington Technology Park parcels to MUCI designation (Resolution 2024-98)" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "City Council approved the development contract with Tract 4-1 on Dec. 2, 2024", "source": "s1", "quote": "The City Council greenlit a contract with Tract, a Colorado-based developer, in a 4-1 vote on Dec. 2." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-15", "event": "City Council approves annexation of the site (state order April 24, 2024)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-11-04", "event": "Council approves rezoning, comprehensive plan amendment, AUAR adoption and preliminary plat/PUD", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-11-18", "event": "City Council approves Tract's Final Plat (Resolution 2024-109) and adopts the PUD as Ordinance 2024-12", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-12-02", "event": "Council approves the development agreement with Tract, 4-1", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-12-13", "event": "Residents organized as the Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development sue the city", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "event": "Castle Rock Township sues Farmington, saying the city breached an Orderly Annexation Agreement", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-05-14", "event": "Metropolitan Council approves the Farmington Technology Park comprehensive plan amendment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "event": "Dakota County judge denies the city's motion to dismiss", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "City approves updated development agreements for two additions", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Coalition announces it is withdrawing its lawsuit, citing litigation costs", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "City reports plaintiffs in both lawsuits involving the city have filed dismissals, pending final court direction", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents alleged violation of the orderly annexation agreement, spot zoning and an inadequate environmental review of water supply (s1)", "Residents worry about water use; CBS reports the project would more than double the city's demand (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Farmington residents sue city over proposed data center campus", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/farmington-data-center-lawsuit-tract/601194541", "date": "2024-12-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center (Farmington Technology Park)", "publisher": "City of Farmington", "url": "https://www.farmingtonmn.gov/473/Data-Center-Farmington-Technology-Park", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Farmington residents push back against massive data center projected to double city's water use", "publisher": "CBS Minnesota", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/minnesota/news/farmington-hyperscale-data-center-pushback/", "date": "2026-02-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Coalition for Responsible Data Center Development withdraws lawsuit due in Farmington to litigation costs (Dakota County)", "publisher": "Blandin on Broadband (citing Sun This Week)", "url": "https://blandinonbroadband.org/2026/09/09/coalition-for-responsible-data-center-development-withdraws-lawsuit-due-in-farmington-to-litigation-costs-dakota-county/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "cyrusone-waverly-sangamon-county-il", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/cyrusone-waverly-sangamon-county-il", "name": "CyrusOne Sangamon County Data Center", "aka": [ "CyrusOne Waverly data center", "CyrusOne Springfield data center" ], "city": "Waverly", "county": "Sangamon County", "state": "IL", "lat": 39.5923, "lng": -89.9529, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County Board approved zoning April 7, 2026; residents' lawsuit challenging approval pending in circuit court", "developer": "CyrusOne", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Dallas-based CyrusOne plans a $500 million data center campus on 280 acres of farmland at Thayer and Clark roads in Talkington Township, about 14 miles southwest of Springfield near Waverly. The Sangamon County Board approved the zoning 17-10 on April 7, 2026, after tabling it in March; nearby residents sued in July 2026 to overturn the approval.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 634, "unit": "MW", "note": "per March 2026 plans; earlier reported as 600 MW (s1, s4)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 280, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "four 450,000 sq ft buildings per March 2026 plans; originally six 250,000 sq ft buildings (s1)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 500000000, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "approximately; average $83,000 salary", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 500, "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2800, "note": "for restrooms and humidification; about 280,000 gallons of recirculated water trucked in", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Apple Creek Water Cooperative", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled, closed-loop", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid, with 420 diesel backup generators", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Illinois / Rural Electric Convenience Cooperative", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State Data Center Investment Program incentives of at least $31.25 million; 20-year state incentive MOU signed May 20, 2026 (s6)", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "CyrusOne commitment of more than $15 million for local schools, workforce training, fire districts, youth programs, economic development and infrastructure", "source": "s8", "quote": "CyrusOne has committed more than $15 million in support of: Local school districts and educational programs. Workforce training, apprenticeship and career development initiatives. Regional fire districts and emergency response agencies." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10", "event": "CyrusOne proposal for 280-acre Talkington Township campus becomes public", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "event": "Zoning Board of Appeals votes 5-0 to recommend approval", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-23", "event": "County Board votes 15-13 to table the conditional use permit", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "County Board approves zoning 17-10", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "event": "CyrusOne signs state incentive MOU requiring $500 million investment by March 2031", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-06", "event": "Waverly residents sue Sangamon County in circuit court to overturn the approval", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Waverly residents v. Sangamon County and Sangamon County Board", "court": "Illinois circuit court (Circuit Judge Adam Giganti)", "filed": "2026-07-06", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby residents seek to overturn the county's approval of the CyrusOne data center, alleging it fails ordinance standards and conflicts with the comprehensive plan; CyrusOne is named as a necessary party.", "source": "s6", "quote": "Several Waverly residents who live approximately a mile or less from the site recently approved for the CyrusOne data center filed a lawsuit against Sangamon County and the Sangamon County Board July 6 seeking to overturn the county's approval of the project." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about diesel generator air and noise pollution, grid strain, utility costs and farmland loss (s4)", "Critics questioned job projections compared with statewide data center hiring (s5)", "Lawsuit alleges the approval conflicts with the comprehensive plan and zoning standards and that the resolution was misdated (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "First data center in Sangamon County", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/first-data-center-in-sangamon-county/", "date": "2025-10-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center project moves forward", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/data-center-project-moves-forward/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The Sangamon County Board tables vote on a massive data center", "publisher": "NPR Illinois", "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/sangamon-county/2026-03-23/the-sangamon-county-board-tables-a-vote-on-a-massive-data-center", "date": "2026-03-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Sangamon County Board approves a controversial data center project", "publisher": "NPR Illinois", "url": "https://www.nprillinois.org/sangamon-county/2026-04-07/sangamon-county-board-approves-a-controversial-data-center-project", "date": "2026-04-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Sangamon County approves data center", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/sangamon-county-approves-data-center/", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Residents sue Sangamon County, CyrusOne", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/residents-sue-sangamon-county-cyrusone/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Residents sue to stop Sangamon County data center", "publisher": "Illinois Times", "url": "https://www.illinoistimes.com/news/waverly-residents-sue-sangamon-county-over-approval-of-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Sangamon County Data Center community FAQ", "publisher": "CyrusOne", "url": "https://cyrusone.com/sangamon-county-community-faq", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "amazon-becker-mn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/amazon-becker-mn", "name": "Amazon Becker Data Center", "aka": [ "AWS Becker", "Amazon Data Services Becker" ], "city": "Becker", "county": "Sherburne County", "state": "MN", "lat": 45.393, "lng": -93.877, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Amazon suspended development in May 2025 and says it will keep the land; the site was still vacant as of September 2025.", "developer": "Amazon Data Services Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Data Services bought a roughly 348-acre site next to Xcel Energy's Sherco coal plant in Becker, closing on October 30, 2024, for a planned data center. In February 2025, state regulators ruled that its plan for about 250 diesel backup generators needed a Certificate of Need; the data center’s expected peak daily load was 600 MW. Amazon suspended the project in May 2025 while state lawmakers debated data center tax breaks, and said it would keep the property.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 348, "unit": "acres", "note": "site purchased for $73.56 million", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "expected peak daily load", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1200, "note": "building trade jobs", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 250 Tier 4 diesel backup generators (250 kW to 2.75 MW each) proposed", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Xcel Energy", "note": "statement by Xcel spokesman Kevin Coss", "source": "s1", "quote": "As the electric provider for the area, we will be engaged in the site development process and providing the electricity needed to reliably power the site once operational." }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "Minnesota PUC Docket No. PT7151/CN-24-435", "note": "Certificate of Need proceeding for backup generators", "source": "s5", "quote": "Docket No. PT7151/CN-24-435" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Elk River Technologies buys the site from Xcel Energy for $7.97 million", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "event": "Amazon Data Services closes on the 348-acre site for $73.56 million", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "event": "Amazon asks the Minnesota PUC to exempt its backup generators from Certificate of Need requirements (Docket PT7151/CN-24-435)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2025-02-28", "event": "Minnesota PUC rules the backup generators require a Certificate of Need", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-05-23", "event": "Amazon says it is suspending its development activities in Minnesota but will keep the property", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents objected to the environmental review of about 250 diesel backup generators; CURE argued the 600 MW plan was twelve times the Certificate of Need threshold (s5)", "City officials said the pause was a blow: the project would have nearly replaced about $5 million a year in Sherco tax revenue, roughly 40% of the school district's local tax income (s4)", "Amazon cited 'uncertainty' as state lawmakers debated repealing a sales tax break on data center electricity (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Amazon Data Services buys site slated for data center near Sherco in Becker", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/amazon-data-center-xcel-sherco-becker-minnesota/601180310", "date": "2024-11-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Minnesota Regulators Rule That Certificate of Need is Required for Backup Generators at Data Center", "publisher": "American Public Power Association", "url": "https://www.publicpower.org/periodical/article/minnesota-regulators-rule-certificate-need-required-backup-generators-data-center", "date": "2025-03-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon pulls back on plans for large data center in Becker", "publisher": "MPR News", "url": "https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/05/23/amazon-pulls-back-on-plans-for-large-data-center-in-becker", "date": "2025-05-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon's retreat from its planned Minnesota data center is latest 'gut punch' for Becker", "publisher": "Minnesota Star Tribune", "url": "https://www.startribune.com/amazon-retreat-from-its-planned-minnesota-data-center-is-latest-gut-punch-for-becker/601371681", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Initial Comments of CURE regarding Amazon Data Services, Inc.'s Petition for Exemption from Certificate of Need Requirements", "publisher": "CURE", "url": "https://curemn.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/CURE-Policy-Document-Regarding-Amazon-Back-Up-Generation-Certificate-of-Need.pdf", "date": "2025-01-31", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon Web Services suspends plans for Minnesota data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-web-services-suspends-plans-for-minnesota-data-center/", "date": "2025-05-28", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-louisa-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-louisa-county-va", "name": "Amazon Web Services Louisa County campuses", "aka": [ "Lake Anna Technology Campus", "North Creek Technology Campus" ], "city": "Louisa", "county": "Louisa County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.0251, "lng": -78.0044, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Two by-right campuses in development; a separate third-campus application was withdrawn in July 2025", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is developing two data center campuses, Lake Anna Technology Campus and North Creek Technology Campus, in Louisa County's Technology Overlay District, backed by a planned $11 billion investment by 2040. The county expects a 15-year build-out. A separate 7.2 million sq ft AWS proposal on 1,370 acres near Northeast Creek Reservoir was withdrawn in July 2025 after community opposition, and AWS later bought about 1,920 acres in that area.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "by 2040, for the two campuses", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 153, "unit": "acres", "note": "Lake Anna Technology Campus only", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1700000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "seven standard data centers at Lake Anna Technology Campus", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "two substations of 300 MW each planned at Lake Anna Technology Campus (substation capacity)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Northeast Creek Reservoir (raw water)", "note": "reservoir safe yield 3.2 million gallons per day; AWS pays for water/sewer infrastructure", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "water-cooled using untreated raw water", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Rappahannock Electric Cooperative", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Projected 15-year build-out", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County rebate of a portion of new tax revenues paid by AWS; share of a $140M statewide grant fund; state sales and use tax waiver", "note": "County FAQ: 'A statewide grant fund of $140M will be allocated proportionally based on the investment amounts in each, and the state has also waived associated sales and use taxes.'", "source": "s1", "quote": "No funds from the County's current revenues will be used. The county will rebate a portion of the new tax revenues paid by AWS." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Virginia DEQ VPDES discharge permit, effective August 1, 2026, allowing 280,000 gallons per day of treated non-contact cooling water into Sedges Creek (Lake Anna Technology Campus)", "source": "s6", "quote": "The [permit], effective August 1, allows AWS to release treated, non-contact cooling water, at a rate of 280,000 gallons per day, into Sedges Creek" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-08", "event": "AWS announces plan for two campuses in Louisa County, $11 billion by 2040", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "event": "Pre-construction meeting for Lake Anna Technology Campus; land disturbance permit issued", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "AWS withdraws conditional use permit application for a 7.2 million sq ft third campus on 1,370 acres", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "AWS closes purchase of about 1,920 acres near Northeast Creek Reservoir for about $72 million", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08-01", "event": "Virginia DEQ discharge (VPDES) permit for cooling water discharge into Sedges Creek takes effect", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents opposed the withdrawn third campus over water use, noise, light, traffic, proximity to schools and loss of rural character (s4)", "The two existing campuses were permitted by right in the Technology Overlay District with little public input; the county changed the district in 2024 to require conditional use permits for future projects (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Community Update/Press FAQs: AWS", "publisher": "Louisa County", "url": "https://www.louisacounty.gov/faq.aspx?TID=40", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "AWS to expand into Virginia's Louisa County, develop two campuses northwest of Richmond", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-to-expand-into-virginias-louisa-county-develop-two-campuses-northwest-of-richmond/", "date": "2023-08-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Plan to Build 1.7 Million Square Feet of Data Centers Adjacent to North Anna Power Station", "publisher": "Lake Anna Life", "url": "https://lakeannalife.com/amazon-planning-to-commence-work-at-lake-anna-technology-campus/", "date": "2024-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon pulls Louisa County data center proposal after strong resistance", "publisher": "Virginia Mercury", "url": "https://virginiamercury.com/2025/07/28/amazon-pulls-louisa-county-data-center-proposal-after-strong-resistance/", "date": "2025-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Amazon Web Services purchases nearly 2,000 acres of land in Louisa County", "publisher": "WVVA", "url": "https://www.wvva.com/2026/01/16/amazon-web-services-purchases-nearly-2000-acres-land-louisa-county/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "With eye toward rural preservation, planning commission gets details on proposed PDR program; DEQ issues controversial discharge permit for AWS data center campus by Lake Anna", "publisher": "Tammy Purcell (Substack)", "url": "https://tammypurcell.substack.com/p/with-eye-toward-rural-preservation", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-20" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "crg-festus-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/crg-festus-mo", "name": "CRG Festus Data Center", "aka": [ "Festus Data Center" ], "city": "Festus", "county": "Jefferson County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.22, "lng": -90.4, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Development agreement approved March 2026; CRG unveiled scaled-back 4-building design June 2026; resident lawsuit pending", "developer": "CRG (Clayco)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "CRG, the data center arm of St. Louis builder Clayco, plans a hyperscale data center campus with an estimated cost of $6 billion on about 360 acres north of Highway 67 in Festus. The city council rezoned the land in November 2025 and approved a development agreement 6-2 in March 2026. A week later, four incumbent council members lost reelection to candidates who opposed the project. In June 2026 CRG shrank the design to four single-story buildings of about 600 MW, and residents have filed a lawsuit that is still pending. No operator has been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "estimated", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 360, "unit": "acres", "note": "Leader reports ~370 acres rezoned, ~250 acres for data center use; CRG says 188 acres to be preserved", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate, per CRG's June 2026 refined design", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "single-story, reduced from 12 two-story buildings", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "at peak, per CRG", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "200+, per CRG", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop (per CRG)", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Ameren Missouri", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "5-year tax abatement; community payments of $3M/yr for 5 years then $5M/yr for 5 years", "source": "s2" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-11", "event": "City annexes 240 acres; Planning & Zoning recommends and council approves rezoning ~370 acres to I-1 industrial", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-03-30", "event": "City Council approves development agreement with CRG, 6-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Four pro-project incumbent council members lose reelection", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-08", "event": "Residents and Wake Up Jeffco LLC sue City of Festus and CRG Acquisition LLC in St. Louis County Circuit Court", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-08", "event": "Council rejects recall petitions, 4-3", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "CRG unveils refined design: four single-story buildings, ~600 MW, closed-loop cooling", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "St. Louis County Circuit Judge Ellen W. Dunne denies plaintiffs' motion for default judgment in the residents' lawsuit", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-08-24", "event": "Council annexes three more parcels (6.55 acres) in CRG's plan, 5-2, days before a new state annexation law took effect", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-09-23", "body": "City of Festus (Festus Forward)", "description": "Public webinar for questions about the proposed data center", "source": "s1" } ], "cases": [ { "name": "Wake Up Jeffco LLC et al. v. City of Festus, Missouri and CRG Acquisition LLC", "court": "St. Louis County Circuit Court", "filed": "2026-04-08", "status": "pending", "summary": "Residents and Wake Up Jeffco LLC seek to stop the data center, alleging unlawful rezoning, open meetings and records violations, and challenging the infrastructure development agreement; the case was removed to federal court and remanded.", "source": "s9", "quote": "Attorney Steve Jeffery filed the lawsuit seeking to stop the project — Wake Up Jeffco LLC, Sherman Doyle, Vernon Valish, Sharon Valish and Rozilyn Daniels v. City of Festus, Missouri and CRG Acquisition LLC — on April 8 in St. Louis County Circuit Court." } ], "issues": [ "Residents objected to secret meetings, a rushed process, and placing the campus near homes (s2, s5)", "Residents raised concerns about electric rates and wastewater capacity (s7)", "CRG's president estimates a November 2026 start (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Information related to the Proposed Data Center", "publisher": "City of Festus", "url": "https://www.festusmo.gov/461/Information-related-to-the-Proposed-Data", "date": "2026", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Festus council approves $6 billion data center plan despite massive public pushback", "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio", "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2026-03-31/festus-data-center-development-approval", "date": "2026-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "After $6B data center plan, Festus voters oust every incumbent council member", "publisher": "St. Louis Public Radio", "url": "https://www.stlpr.org/government-politics-issues/2026-04-08/6b-data-center-festus-voters-oust-every-incumbent-council-member", "date": "2026-04-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "No plans yet submitted for proposed Festus data center project; civil lawsuits loom", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-data-center-project-crg-no-plans/article_ab6bdd18-252a-4a31-a1c1-5aa2abaea351.html", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Festus data center developer scales back project after public opposition", "publisher": "KMOV First Alert 4", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/07/01/festus-data-center-developer-scales-back-project-after-public-opposition/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Press Release: CRG Unveils Refined Conceptual Design for Proposed Festus Data Center, Launches Community Information Website", "publisher": "The Missouri Times (CRG release)", "url": "https://themissouritimes.com/press-release-crg-unveils-refined-conceptual-design-for-proposed-festus-data-center-launches-community-information-website/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Festus City Council passes data center rezoning request", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-passes-data-center-project-rezoning/article_e36dc7c5-6260-4eed-9241-32fd7d0f35e5.html", "date": "2025-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Festus council approves more data center-related annexations", "publisher": "Jefferson County Leader", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/festus-council-approves-annexations-crg-related/article_2d90ac52-c9bb-4fbd-b24c-0a0b3c3070e0.html", "date": "2026-09-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Judge tells both sides in data center lawsuit to communicate better", "publisher": "Leader (Jefferson County, MO)", "url": "https://www.myleaderpaper.com/news/police_fire/judge-denies-motion-for-default-judgment-in-crg-case/article_edda6eef-de3e-480d-9817-3af5c69d187d.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-17" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-aggie-college-station-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-aggie-college-station-tx", "name": "Project Aggie", "aka": [ "College Station Midtown data center" ], "city": "College Station", "county": "Brazos County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.628, "lng": -96.3344, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "City Council unanimously rejected sale of city land on 2025-09-11", "developer": "Priority Power Management (PPM Data LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Priority Power Management sought to buy about 200 acres of city-owned land in College Station's Midtown Business Park for a data center campus the developer said would serve AI, planned at up to 600 MW. The College Station City Council unanimously rejected the $30 million land sale on September 11, 2025, after hours of public comment from opponents.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "at full build-out", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 30000000, "note": "land purchase price ($150,000/acre); $1-4 billion capital expenditure cited for full development", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "College Station City Council unanimously voted to deny the real estate contract with Priority Power Management after a public hearing on September 11, 2025", "source": "s6", "quote": "After a public hearing, the Council unanimously voted to deny a real estate contract with Priority Power Management for the sale of about 200 acres of City-owned property in the Midtown Business Park near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "About 200 acres of City-owned property in the Midtown Business Park near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway", "source": "s6", "quote": "the sale of about 200 acres of City-owned property in the Midtown Business Park near Midtown Drive and Corporate Parkway" }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "600-900-foot green belt to be retained between the proposed development and nearby homes", "note": "as described by the city", "source": "s7", "quote": "The city argues the noise pollution will be addressed in part by their retention of a 600-900-foot green belt between the proposed development and nearby homes." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Priority Power first contacts the city", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Project presented to City Council after NDA signed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-11", "event": "City Council unanimously votes against the land sale after more than five hours of comment", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited noise, infrastructure strain, and property values; a petition against the sale drew more than 5,000 signatures (s2, s3)", "Some residents and press described the project as crypto mining; the company's CEO said it would be for AI, not crypto or bitcoin mining (s1, s5)", "City staff projected $10-22 million a year in revenue to the city (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "College Station City Council Unanimously Votes Against The Sale Of City Land For A Data Center", "publisher": "WTAW", "url": "https://wtaw.com/college-station-city-council-unanimously-votes-against-the-sale-of-city-land-for-a-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "College Station City Council unanimously rejects land sale for AI data center", "publisher": "KBTX", "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2025/09/12/college-station-city-council-unanimously-rejects-land-sale-ai-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "College Station, Texas rejects land sale for data center", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/college-station-texas-rejects-land-sale-for-data-center/", "date": "2025-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "College Station considers $30M land deal for data center", "publisher": "KXXV", "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/brazos-county/college-station/college-station-considers-30m-land-deal-for-data-center", "date": "2025-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Residents versus revenue: College Station's high-stakes vote on crypto data mining center looms", "publisher": "KXXV", "url": "https://www.kxxv.com/news/local-news/in-your-neighborhood/brazos-county/college-station/residents-versus-revenue-college-stations-high-stakes-vote-on-crypto-data-mining-center-looms", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Live from City Hall: Thursday's City Council meeting (Sept. 11)", "publisher": "City of College Station", "url": "https://blog.cstx.gov/2025/09/11/live-from-city-hall-thursdays-city-council-meeting-sept-11/", "type": "government", "date": "2025-09-11" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "College Station City Council to discuss potential data center on Midtown Drive at Sept. 11 meeting", "publisher": "KBTX", "url": "https://www.kbtx.com/2025/09/07/college-station-city-council-discuss-potential-data-center-midtown-drive-sept-11-meeting/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-09-07" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-lincoln-oldham-county-ky", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-lincoln-oldham-county-ky", "name": "Project Lincoln", "aka": [ "Western Hospitality Partners Oldham County data center" ], "city": null, "county": "Oldham County", "state": "KY", "lat": 38.4, "lng": -85.45, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Developer withdrew July 2025; county has no adopted data center regulations (Fiscal Court denied revised rules 5-4 on Aug. 18, 2026) and whether the moratorium is still in effect is disputed", "developer": "Western Hospitality Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Western Hospitality Partners proposed a 600 MW, $6 billion hyperscale data center on 267 acres at 3557 North Highway 53 in Oldham County, later revising it to a smaller proposal near the Sauerbeck Drive-In off Commerce Parkway. After strong resident opposition and a 150-day countywide moratorium with no exemptions, the company withdrew in July 2025. The county has not adopted data center regulations: the Fiscal Court sent draft rules back in January 2026 and, on Aug. 18, 2026, voted 5-4 to deny a revised version and hire a consultant. Judge-Executive David Voegele says the moratorium has effectively expired, a view some magistrates dispute.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 600, "unit": "MW", "note": "original proposal; revised proposal reported as 100 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "note": "original proposal; revised proposal reported at $1.5 billion", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 267, "note": "original site at 3557 North Highway 53", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Original 267-acre site zoned for agriculture; developer sought a conditional use permit as a \"private utility\" from the appointed Board of Adjustments rather than a rezoning by the Fiscal Court. The revised Sauerbeck Drive-In site was described by the Judge-Executive as zoned industrial, while the county PVA website listed it as commercial.", "source": "s9", "quote": "He added that the company would go through the same local process of seeking a conditional use permit as a \"private utility,\" which could be approved by the appointed board of adjustments." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Revised site: 3210 DW Griffith Lane (former Sauerbeck Drive-in theater), along Commerce Parkway", "note": "address reported by news, not a government document", "source": "s10", "quote": "WHP has instead submitted a new application for a smaller data center along Commerce Parkway at the site of the Sauerbeck Drive-in theater located at 3210 DW Griffith Lane." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Western Hospitality Partners' 600 MW data center proposal announced", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Original application withdrawn; revised proposal filed south of original site", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-07-01", "event": "Fiscal Court passes 150-day moratorium on data centers 4-2 with no exemptions; Deputy Judge-Executive Joe Ender fired over secret recording", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-07-03", "event": "Western Hospitality Partners says project will be withdrawn and will not proceed", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-18", "event": "Fiscal Court approves new moratorium lasting until regulations are approved", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Fiscal Court unanimously denies draft data center regulations, sending them back to Planning and Zoning Commission", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Planning Commission reworking regulations; moratorium remains in effect", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Planning and Zoning Commission unanimously sends revised data center regulations to Fiscal Court", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "event": "Fiscal Court votes 5-4 to deny revised data center regulations and hire a consultant; Judge-Executive calls Aug. 24 special meeting for a new first reading", "source": "s8" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Former deputy judge-executive's attorney alleged favoritism tied to a promised sports complex; Kentucky Attorney General opened an investigation (s1)", "Residents organized as We Are Oldham County raised utility and community concerns (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Oldham County passes sweeping data center moratorium, executive fired over recording", "publisher": "Louisville Public Media", "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-07-02/oldham-county-passes-sweeping-data-center-moratorium-executive-fired-over-recording", "date": "2025-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Kentucky's Oldham County passes 150-day data center moratorium", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/kentuckys-oldham-county-passes-150-day-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2025-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Plans for Oldham County data center project withdrawn", "publisher": "WAVE / WDRB", "url": "https://www.wdrbwave.com/2025/07/03/plans-oldham-county-data-center-project-withdrawn/", "date": "2025-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Leaders rework proposed zoning regulations as fight over data centers continues in Oldham Co.", "publisher": "WAVE / WDRB", "url": "https://www.wdrbwave.com/2026/03/26/leaders-rework-proposed-zoning-regulations-fight-over-data-centers-continues-oldham-co/", "date": "2026-03-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Court halts data center development until regulations ready", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/court-halts-data-center-development-until-regulations-ready/article_5977d012-168c-520a-a5c4-d7314e830c9e.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Court sends data center regulations back for revision", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/court-sends-data-center-regulations-back-for-revision/article_41e48b38-fa71-5afc-b40d-44538b774a0c.html", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "P&Z sends revised data center regulations to fiscal court", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/p-z-sends-revised-data-center-regulations-to-fiscal-court/article_9f7dc88d-b0bd-5af9-8b1d-2777c748ee73.html", "date": "2026-06-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Oldham leaders in dispute over data center regulations", "publisher": "The Oldham Era", "url": "https://www.pmg-ky1.com/oldham_era/news/dispute-over-proposed-data-center-regulations-oldham/article_5ba3bfdc-8486-56ec-ae85-0a44117f4e07.html", "date": "2026-08-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Oldham County data center switches sites, reduces size amid local resistance", "publisher": "Louisville Public Media", "url": "https://www.lpm.org/news/2025-06-03/oldham-county-data-center-switches-sites-reduces-size-amid-local-resistance", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-03" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Planned data center project in Kentucky's Oldham County relocated and downsized amid backlash", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/planned-data-center-project-in-kentuckys-oldham-county-relocated-and-downsized-amid-backlash/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-06-10" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "compass-statesville-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/compass-statesville-nc", "name": "Compass Statesville", "aka": [ "Stamey Farm Road data center" ], "city": "Statesville", "county": "Iredell County", "state": "NC", "lat": 35.7826, "lng": -80.8873, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning approved September 2025; exempt from Statesville's proposed 2026 data center moratorium", "developer": "Compass Datacenters", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Dallas-based Compass Datacenters plans five data center buildings totaling 1.34 million square feet on about 333 acres on Stamey Farm Road in Statesville, with power from a nearby Duke Energy substation. The Statesville City Council approved the rezoning 8-0 in September 2025. The city says the previously approved project is exempt from a proposed 150-day moratorium on new data center applications.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1340000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "five data center buildings spanning a total of 1.34 million square feet" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s1", "quote": "five data center buildings spanning a total of 1.34 million square feet" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "site marketed by JLL with up to 500MW of power capacity", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to 500MW of power capacity" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s1", "quote": "located nearby to a Duke Energy substation, which would provide power to the site" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooled", "note": "later reporting cites a closed-loop hybrid system", "source": "s1", "quote": "the data center will be air-cooled to reduce water usage" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop hybrid cooling (developer-stated)", "note": "differs from earlier air-cooled description", "source": "s3", "quote": "a closed-loop, hybrid cooling system that recycles the same water" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "40 backup generators per building", "source": "s3", "quote": "Each building would include 40 backup generators in case of power outages" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "about 200", "source": "s3", "quote": "The center will have about 200 well-paying engineering, electrical and other jobs" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Statesville City Council approved rezoning 8-0 in September 2025", "source": "s3", "quote": "8-0 vote to rezone the land" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Annexation into city limits and a site-specific conditional zoning district", "source": "s4", "quote": "That project required annexation into the city limits and the establishment of a very specific conditional zoning district, including site-specific development standards." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Statesville Planning Board votes 6-0 to recommend the rezoning", "source": "s2", "quote": "board members voted 6-0 to recommend Dallas-based Compass Datacenters' rezoning request." }, { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "Compass proposes a five-building campus on Stamey Farm Road", "source": "s1", "quote": "Compass is planning to develop on 333 acres of land on Stamey Farm Road in Statesville" }, { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Statesville City Council approves the rezoning 8-0", "source": "s3", "quote": "8-0 vote to rezone the land" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents at the public hearing raised concerns about environmental impact, noise and pollution (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Compass Datacenters proposes 333-acre campus in Statesville, North Carolina", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/compass-datacenters-proposes-333-acre-campus-in-statesville-north-carolina/", "date": "2025-08-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Government Board Backs Massive Data Center in Rural N.C.", "publisher": "GovTech (The Charlotte Observer)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/government-board-backs-massive-data-center-in-rural-n-c", "date": "2025-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Despite Protests, North Carolina City Approves Data Center", "publisher": "GovTech (The Charlotte Observer)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/despite-protests-north-carolina-city-approves-data-center", "date": "2025-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Why the City of Statesville Is Considering a Proposed Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "City of Statesville", "url": "https://www.statesvillenc.net/2026/07/28/31820/why-the-city-of-statesville-is-considering-a-proposed-data-center-moratorium/", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stream-stamp-alabama-ny", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stream-stamp-alabama-ny", "name": "Stream Data Centers STAMP Campus", "aka": [ "Genesee County Data Center Campus" ], "city": "Alabama", "county": "Genesee County", "state": "NY", "lat": 43.0964, "lng": -78.3908, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "July 2026 executive order directs state DEC to hold data center permits in abeyance; lawsuit challenges STAMP zoning agreement", "developer": "Stream Data Centers (Stream U.S. Data Centers)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Stream U.S. Data Centers proposes a three-building data center campus over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre STAMP industrial park in the Town of Alabama, with a 2.2 million sq ft building footprint and 500 megawatts of electricity use. Stream amended its proposal from $11 billion to $19 billion in total spending, and Genesee County Economic Development Center officials are offering $1.46 billion in tax breaks for 125 jobs. A July 2026 executive order by Gov. Kathy Hochul placed a moratorium on new data center approvals that appears to halt the proposal, and a lawsuit by the Tonawanda Seneca Nation, the Sierra Club and a town resident challenges the zoning agreement underpinning the park.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "note": "electricity use stated by Stream", "source": "s2", "quote": "To operate the data center campus, Stream has said it will use 500 megawatts of electricity, more than 80 percent of all the power available at the STAMP industrial park." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 90, "source": "s2", "quote": "Stream is proposing a three-building campus at STAMP over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre industrial park." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2", "quote": "Stream is proposing a three-building campus at STAMP over 90 acres at the 1,250-acre industrial park." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2200000, "note": "building footprint", "source": "s2", "quote": "Its buildings will have a footprint of 2.2 million square feet, equivalent to 38 football fields." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 19000000000, "note": "total spending in amended proposal (up from $11 billion)", "source": "s2", "quote": "The company then amended its proposal this year from $11 billion in total spending to $19 billion." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 125, "source": "s2", "quote": "Officials with the Genesee County Economic Development Center are offering Stream U.S. Data Centers $1.46 billion in tax breaks for the creation of 125 jobs at a three-building data campus." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "temporary, per GCEDC CEO Mark Masse", "source": "s2", "quote": "Additionally, construction of the three-building data center campus would employ an additional 1,000 workers temporarily, according to the Economic Development Center's CEO Mark Masse." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 1460000000, "note": "tax breaks offered by the Genesee County Economic Development Center", "source": "s2", "quote": "Officials with the Genesee County Economic Development Center are offering Stream U.S. Data Centers $1.46 billion in tax breaks for the creation of 125 jobs at a three-building data campus." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Direct connection to the 345kV bulk power system (company-stated)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Our project connects directly to the 345kV Bulk Power System" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Stream wins approval for its initial project, later canceling those plans following a lawsuit from the Tonawanda Seneca Nation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Though the company won approval for its initial project last year, it canceled those plans following a lawsuit from the neighboring Tonawanda Seneca Nation." }, { "date": "2025-03-03", "event": "Stream's initial STAMP proposal, a 900,000 sq ft facility with around 250MW of capacity, is presented at a public hearing", "source": "s1", "quote": "The operator is planning a 900,000 sq ft (83,600 sqm) facility, with around 250MW of capacity, including a 600MW substation, as shared at a public hearing on March 3, 2025." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Tonawanda Seneca Nation, Sierra Club and a Town of Alabama resident sue the IDA and town officials over the STAMP incentive zoning agreement", "source": "s6", "quote": "On Monday, the Tonawanda Seneca Nation, the Sierra Club and a Town of Alabama resident sued the IDA and town officials over what they say is an illegal zoning agreement underpinning the industrial park." }, { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "Gov. Kathy Hochul signs executive order enacting a statewide moratorium on large-scale data centers, pausing permitting for up to a year", "source": "s5", "quote": "signed an executive order today enacting the nation's first statewide moratorium on large-scale data centers, pausing the permitting process for up to a year." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Tonawanda Seneca Nation et al. v. Genesee County IDA and Town of Alabama officials", "court": "New York State Supreme Court, Genesee County", "filed": "2026-07", "status": "pending", "summary": "Plaintiffs argue the 2012 incentive zoning agreement between the Town of Alabama and the IDA underpinning the STAMP industrial park violates state law.", "source": "s6", "quote": "The suit, filed in State Supreme Court in Genesee County, argues that the 'incentive zoning agreement' (IZA) signed between the town and IDA in 2012 violates state law." } ], "issues": [ "The Tonawanda Seneca Nation has opposed the STAMP project, citing water and energy usage concerns (s1)", "The governor's executive order directs the Department of Environmental Conservation to hold data center permits and approvals in abeyance during a Public Service study, which Investigative Post reports appears to halt the proposal (s5, s6)", "As of May 2026, neither the Town of Alabama Planning Board nor GCEDC had made a decision on the proposal (s3)", "New York lawmakers passed a one-year moratorium on new data centers with peak demand of 20 megawatts or more in June 2026 (s4)", "GCEDC's CEO said the development will pay for 100% of any electrical infrastructure needed for it (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Stream proposes large data center in Genesee County, New York", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/stream-proposes-large-data-center-in-genesee-county-new-york/", "date": "2025-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Subsidies for STAMP data center among largest ever", "publisher": "Investigative Post", "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/03/18/subsidies-for-stamp-data-center-among-largest-ever/", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Genesee County town and GCEDC continue reviewing proposed data center", "publisher": "13WHAM", "url": "https://13wham.com/news/local/genesee-county-town-and-gcedc-continue-reviewing-proposed-data-center-stamp-industrial-park-genesee-county-economic-development-center-stream-data-centers", "date": "2026-05-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A $19.5B data center and a statewide pause: What's at stake in Genesee County", "publisher": "Rochester Business Journal", "url": "https://rbj.net/2026/06/15/new-york-moratorium-genesee-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Hochul enacts first statewide moratorium on large data centers", "publisher": "The Batavian", "url": "https://www.thebatavian.com/staff/hochul-enacts-first-statewide-moratorium-on-large-data-centers/648283", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Future of STAMP data center uncertain due to Hochul order, lawsuit", "publisher": "Investigative Post", "url": "https://investigativepost.org/2026/07/15/future-of-stamp-data-center-now-uncertain/", "date": "2026-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Gov. Hochul signs moratorium on data centers; Here's how it could impact proposed Genesee County data center", "publisher": "WHEC", "url": "https://www.whec.com/top-news/new-york-to-impose-the-countrys-first-statewide-moratorium-on-data-centers-2/", "date": "2026-07-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Genesee County Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Stream Data Centers", "url": "https://www.streamdatacenters.com/project-stamp/", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "tooele-valley-burmester-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/tooele-valley-burmester-ut", "name": "Tooele Valley data center (Burmester Road / I-80)", "aka": [ "Interstate Technology Park", "Interstate Business Park", "Tooele Valley Project Area" ], "city": null, "county": "Tooele County", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.72, "lng": -112.43, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Tooele County halted data center applications pending a new ordinance (planning commission Oct 2026, county council Nov 2026)", "developer": "Chuck Akerlow (Zenith Development)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Developer Chuck Akerlow is pursuing a data center within a 585-acre Utah Inland Port Authority project area near Burmester Road and I-80 at the south end of the Great Salt Lake. The larger development also includes warehouses, light manufacturing, and a truck stop. The Salt Lake Tribune describes the data center as 500 MW. The Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District has sought a state permit to discharge up to 260,000 gallons per day of reverse-osmosis brine toward the lake. The plans are on pause while Tooele County writes a data center ordinance, and the developer says the project depends on port authority financing.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 500, "unit": "MW", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 585, "unit": "acres", "note": "UIPA project area; advocacy group UPHE cites 1,200 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas line with 140 MW capacity; developer claims a letter of intent for a nuclear plant", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Groundwater treated by reverse osmosis; brine discharged toward Great Salt Lake (up to 0.26 MGD at full build-out, ~29,000 gpd Phase I)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Relies on Utah Inland Port Authority bonds and public infrastructure financing", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "UPDES discharge permit UT0026409 (draft, public notice June 16, 2026) for the Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District reverse-osmosis treatment plant", "note": "Permittee: Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District (TVPID)", "source": "s4", "quote": "UT0026409" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Burmester – I-80 Interchange, Tooele County, UT 84029", "note": "Facility location listed in UPDES permit notice", "source": "s4", "quote": "Burmester – I-80 Interchange, Tooele County, UT 84029" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-12-05", "event": "Utah Inland Port Authority board approves creation of the Tooele Valley Project Area and adopts its plan.", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2024-03-26", "event": "UIPA board unanimously creates the Tooele Valley Public Infrastructure District (Resolution 2024-04).", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "event": "Tooele Valley Project Area Plan Amendment #1 adds 342 acres to the project area.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "Utah DWQ draft public notice for TVPID reverse-osmosis water treatment plant discharge permit", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Utah Division of Water Quality holds public hearing on the discharge permit", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "Tooele County Planning Commission hearing on new data center ordinance (Land Use Ordinance Chapter 34)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Planning Commission tables the truck stop plat application pending a third-party study and tables the data center ordinance to include public comment in its report", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "event": "Utah News Dispatch reports plans paused while county drafts ordinance", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-10", "body": "Tooele County Planning Commission", "description": "Expected consideration of data center ordinance", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-11", "body": "Tooele County Council", "description": "Expected consideration of data center ordinance", "source": "s1" } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Conservation groups say the brine discharge could harm Great Salt Lake wetlands and Gilbert Bay (s6)", "Residents raised water, traffic, and environmental concerns, and questioned siting in a lower-income community (s2)", "A TooeleCARES petition with 1,100+ signers opposes port authority financing (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Concerns swirl over a developer's push for a Tooele Valley data center, but plans are on pause", "publisher": "Utah News Dispatch", "url": "https://utahnewsdispatch.com/2026/09/03/concerns-swirl-over-a-developers-push-for-a-tooele-valley-data-center-but-plans-are-on-pause/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Tooele County residents worry proposed changes could bring a data center to the area", "publisher": "Utah Public Radio", "url": "https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2026-08-13/tooele-county-data-center-ordinance-project", "date": "2026-08-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Utahns speak out as yet another data center is planned near the Great Salt Lake", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2026/07/28/yet-another-data-center-planned/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "PN DRAFT Official Draft Public Notice Version June 16th, 2026 (TVPID RO Water Treatment Plant)", "publisher": "Utah Division of Water Quality", "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1450085.pdf", "date": "2026-06-16", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Notice of Public Hearing (Tooele County Planning Commission, data center ordinance)", "publisher": "Tooele County / Utah Public Notice Website", "url": "https://www.utah.gov/pmn/files/1460331.pdf", "date": "2026-07", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Conservation groups push back against proposed water treatment plant near Great Salt Lake", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/51602639/conservation-groups-push-back-against-proposed-water-treatment-plant-near-great-salt-lake", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Tooele Valley (REVAMP)", "publisher": "Utah Inland Port Authority", "url": "https://inlandportauthority.utah.gov/tooelevalley-2/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Tooele Valley: A Utah Inland Port Project Area — Project Area Plan, Amendment #1", "publisher": "Utah Inland Port Authority", "url": "https://inlandportauthority.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/Tooele-Valley-Project-Area-Plan-Amendment-1-2.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-09-12" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "fleet-tric-storey-county-nv", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fleet-tric-storey-county-nv", "name": "Fleet Data Centers TRIC campuses (South Valley and Peru Ridge)", "aka": [ "South Valley data center campus", "Peru Ridge data center campus" ], "city": null, "county": "Storey County", "state": "NV", "lat": 39.53, "lng": -119.47, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "PUCN approved two temporary private gas plants (360+ MW) on 2026-09-18; state air permits and Storey County approvals still required", "developer": "Fleet Data Centers (Tract Capital Management)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fleet Data Centers, a subsidiary of Tract Capital Management, is developing two data center campuses, South Valley and Peru Ridge, at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center. It plans to power them for two to three years with private gas plants of more than 360 MW until NV Energy can provide permanent service; Nevada regulators approved the plants in September 2026. The project sits within a wider debate over northern Nevada power supply: NV Energy plans to stop supplying about 49,000 Liberty Utilities customers at Lake Tahoe once its Greenlink West line is built, and some coverage linked that to data center demand. NV Energy says data centers did not influence that decision.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 362, "unit": "MW", "note": "Combined on-site gas generation (South Valley 144 MW + Peru Ridge 218 MW), temporary; not stated IT load", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Temporary private natural gas and diesel engine plants for 2–3 years, then NV Energy permanent service", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "NV Energy", "note": "Large load electric service agreement with Fleet subsidiary SV RNO Property Owner 1, LLC signed May 2026", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "PUCN Docket 26-04026 (South Valley, 144 MW) and Docket 26-04027 (Peru Ridge, 218 MW)", "source": "s5", "quote": "If approved, a temporary 144 MW plant would be built to power the South Valley data center campus, while a separate data center campus would be fueled by the 218 MW Peru Ridge Self-Generation Project, according to applications filed April 20 with state energy regulators." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Air quality permit applications for both gas plants submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (as of April 2026)", "source": "s5", "quote": "Air quality permit applications for the projects have already been submitted to the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "1,600 acres at South Valley; 1,200 acres combined at Peru Ridge and Peru Shelf", "source": "s8", "quote": "the company's expansive land position of 1,600 acres at South Valley is developable to a total of 1215MW." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-20", "event": "CalMatters reports NV Energy will not renew power supply to Liberty Utilities' ~49,000 Lake Tahoe customers (contract ending May 2027), citing its own resource needs", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-04-20", "event": "Fleet files PUCN applications for South Valley (Docket 26-04026) and Peru Ridge (Docket 26-04027) self-generation plants", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "NV Energy enters large load electric service agreement with Fleet subsidiary SV RNO Property Owner 1, LLC", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-05-12", "event": "Fortune publishes report linking NV Energy's Tahoe supply exit to data center demand", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-15", "event": "NV Energy states data centers did not influence the Liberty decision and it will serve Liberty until Greenlink West is in place", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-20", "event": "Fleet and Tract break ground on a 2 million sq ft data center along USA Parkway with Gov. Joe Lombardo in attendance", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-09-18", "event": "Public Utilities Commission of Nevada approves the two gas plants, subject to environmental permits and Storey County approvals", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opponents cite air pollution, climate impacts, and bypassing Nevada's 50% by 2030 renewable portfolio standard; intervenor NCARE may appeal (s6)", "An analysis cited by Nevada Current says the plants would burn about three times the gas used by NV Energy's entire northern Nevada residential and commercial customer base in 2025 (s7)", "Lake Tahoe residents and officials worry about replacement power for Liberty customers; NV Energy says 'there is no scenario where Liberty customers will be left without service' (s2, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Nevada utility to Lake Tahoe: Find electricity elsewhere", "publisher": "CalMatters", "url": "https://calmatters.org/economy/2026/03/nevada-utility-to-lake-tahoe-find-electricity-elsewhere/", "date": "2026-03-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "'It's like we don't exist': Nearly 50,000 Lake Tahoe residents face power loss as utility redirects lines to data centers", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://fortune.com/2026/05/12/lake-tahoe-data-center-49000-residents-power-source/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "NV Energy responds to Fortune article about South Lake Tahoe's power supply", "publisher": "KTVN 2News", "url": "https://www.2news.com/townnews/politics/nv-energy-responds-to-fortune-article-about-south-lake-tahoes-power-supply/article_759d4d36-eac2-496f-b238-05a207f808eb.html", "date": "2026-05-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "A Shock to the System", "publisher": "Moonshine Ink", "url": "https://www.moonshineink.com/tahoe-news/a-shock-to-the-system/", "date": "2026-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Why a Northern Nevada data center wants to build its own temporary natural gas power plant", "publisher": "The Nevada Independent", "url": "https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/why-a-northern-nevada-data-center-wants-to-build-its-own-temporary-natural-gas-power-plant", "date": "2026-04-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Public Utility Commission approves gas plants to power data centers", "publisher": "Nevada Current", "url": "https://nevadacurrent.com/2026/09/18/public-utility-commission-approves-gas-plants-to-power-data-centers/", "date": "2026-09-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Private gas plants to power data centers would skirt state's renewable energy law", "publisher": "This Is Reno / Nevada Current", "url": "https://thisisreno.com/2026/09/fleet-data-center-gas-plants/", "date": "2026-09-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fleet Data Centers breaks ground on 2 facilities", "publisher": "Northern Nevada Business Weekly", "url": "https://www.nnbw.com/news/2026/jun/02/fleet-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-2-facilities/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-02" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Gov. Lombardo, construction companies break ground on 2 million sq. ft. data center in Storey Co.", "publisher": "KOLO 8 News Now", "url": "https://www.kolotv.com/2026/05/20/gov-lombardo-construction-companies-break-ground-2-million-sq-ft-data-center-storey-co/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-20" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "river-bend-west-feliciana-la", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/river-bend-west-feliciana-la", "name": "Hut 8 River Bend Campus", "aka": [ "River Bend" ], "city": "St. Francisville", "county": "West Feliciana Parish", "state": "LA", "lat": 30.7799, "lng": -91.3765, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First data hall targeted for Q2 2027", "developer": "Hut 8", "endUsers": [ "Fluidstack", "Anthropic" ], "summary": "An AI data center campus in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, near St. Francisville, where Hut 8 has leased 245 MW of IT capacity to Fluidstack for 15 years ($7.0 billion), with lease payments backed by a Google financial guarantee. DCD reports it is part of a partnership to deliver infrastructure for Anthropic. Louisiana Economic Development puts Phase I investment at up to $10 billion; operations are expected to begin in Q2 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 330, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial utility capacity; potential to expand by up to 1,000 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "it_mw", "value": 245, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 627, "unit": "acres", "note": "in use; 2,361 more acres under option per Hut 8", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "up to $10 billion, Phase I", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "note": "at least 75 direct; 193 indirect", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000 at peak", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Louisiana", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State and local sales/use tax rebate on data center equipment (Act 730 of 2024) and Quality Jobs program", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Q2 2027 for first data hall, more halls through 2027", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Hut 8 donates its 611-acre site to the parish Industrial Development Board and leases it back, paying rent equal to what property taxes on the GPUs would have been; 30-year agreement, up to $90 million a year to the parish", "source": "s9", "quote": "Instead of paying property taxes on the facility, Hut 8 will donate its 611-acre site to the IDB. The board will then lease the property back to the company, charging rent equal to what property taxes on the GPUs would have been." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "Hut 8 committed $16 million for closed-loop water infrastructure", "source": "s10", "quote": "Hut 8 has committed $16 million to build closed-loop water infrastructure for its planned West Feliciana Parish data center." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-18", "event": "Hut 8 announces it has secured 592 acres in West Feliciana Parish for River Bend", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "event": "Hut 8 signs 15-year, 245 MW lease with Fluidstack; state and Entergy announce $10 billion project", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-12-22", "event": "Parish president says parish permitting is complete; construction already under way", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "West Feliciana Parish Council and Industrial Development Board accept an agreement for a $10 million PILOT prepayment from Hut 8 due July 1, 2026", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Hut 8 Selects Southeast Louisiana as Site of $10 Billion Artificial Intelligence Data Center", "publisher": "Louisiana Economic Development", "url": "https://www.opportunitylouisiana.gov/news/hut-8-selects-southeast-louisiana-as-site-of-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Hut 8 selects Entergy, Southeast Louisiana for $10 billion artificial intelligence data center", "publisher": "Entergy", "url": "https://www.entergy.com/news/hut-8-selects-entergy-southeast-louisiana-for-10-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Hut 8 Signs 15-Year, 245 MW AI Data Center Lease at River Bend Campus with Total Contract Value of $7.0 Billion", "publisher": "Hut 8", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hut-8-signs-15-year-245-mw-ai-data-center-lease-at-river-bend-campus-with-total-contract-value-of-7-0-billion-302644600.html", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Hut 8 signs 245MW capacity deal with Fluidstack as part of multi-gigawatt partnership with Anthropic", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hut-8-signs-245mw-capacity-deal-with-fluidstack-as-part-of-multi-gigawatt-partnership-with-anthropic/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "River Bend | Hut 8", "publisher": "Hut 8", "url": "https://www.hut8.com/data-centers/river-bend", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Hut 8 secures 592 acres for 300MW Bitcoin and AI data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/hut-8-secures-592-acres-for-300mw-bitcoin-and-ai-data-center/", "date": "2025-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Hut 8 lands a massive partnership for its West Feliciana data center", "publisher": "10/12 Industry Report", "url": "https://www.1012industryreport.com/technology/ai/hut-8-lands-a-massive-partnership-for-its-west-feliciana-data-center/", "date": "2025-12-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Jacobs starts $10B Louisiana data center", "publisher": "Construction Dive", "url": "https://www.constructiondive.com/news/jacobs-louisiana-data-center-hut8/808553/", "date": "2025-12-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Deal Could Net Louisiana Parish $90M a Year", "publisher": "GovTech (The Advocate)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/data-center-deal-could-net-louisiana-parish-90m-a-year", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-29" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Hut 8 commits $16 million for 'closed loop' water infrastructure", "publisher": "BIZ Magazine (The Center Square)", "url": "https://bizmagsb.com/hut-8-commits-16-million-for-closed-loop-water-infrastructure/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-05-21" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "West Feliciana Parish Council and Industrial Development Board accept agreement for prepayment from data center", "publisher": "WBRZ", "url": "https://www.wbrz.com/news/west-feliciana-parish-council-and-industrial-development-board-accept-agreement-for-prepayment-from-data-center", "type": "news", "date": "2026-06-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "imperial-data-center-imperial-county-ca", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/imperial-data-center-imperial-county-ca", "name": "Imperial Data Center", "aka": [ "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing data center" ], "city": "Imperial", "county": "Imperial County", "state": "CA", "lat": 32.8476, "lng": -115.5694, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Superior Court set aside the county's lot merger approval on 2026-09-09 and ordered CEQA review; developer plans to appeal", "developer": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing (Sebastian Rucci)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing, led by developer Sebastian Rucci, proposes a nearly 1 million sq ft, 330 MW data center on about 75 acres at Aten and Clark roads just outside the city of Imperial, next to the Victoria Ranch neighborhood. Imperial County supervisors approved a lot merger in April 2026 without environmental review, then adopted a moratorium; courts have since set aside both the moratorium and the lot merger approval, and the developer is also suing the Imperial Irrigation District for Colorado River water.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 330, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 950000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "described as nearly 1 million sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 75, "unit": "acres", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "note": "as reported in developer's federal lawsuit coverage", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 750000, "note": "for cooling; developer seeks 260 million gallons per year from IID", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Originally planned recycled water from nearby cities; developer now seeking Colorado River water from Imperial Irrigation District", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site substation, battery system, and natural gas generators for backup", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2500, "note": "developer figure; county consultant estimated 1,600-1,700", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "100 natural gas-powered backup emergency generators", "note": "per court documents cited in the City of Imperial's petition", "source": "s9", "quote": "An electrical substation and 100 natural gas-powered backup emergency generators to ensure continuous operation." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "a couple hundred feet from homes in the City of Imperial", "note": "as argued in the City of Imperial's court complaint", "source": "s2", "quote": "The City of Imperial objected to that shortcut in a court complaint that argues that the project is located just a couple hundred feet from homes in the incorporated city" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "No rezoning or conditional use permit required, per Feb. 10, 2026 Superior Court ruling on the City of Imperial's amended complaint", "source": "s10", "quote": "the court on Feb. 10 found the amended complaint legally insufficient, effectively concluding that the project does not require a rezoning or a CUP." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Imperial Irrigation District denied the developer's water service request on May 1, 2026, citing Regulation 21", "source": "s11", "quote": "On May 1, 2026, the district denied the request. Court records say the denial rested on Regulation 21, a rule for small parcels that blocks new water hookups within 300 feet of a city's drinking water supply." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "County Planning Commission declines to approve lot merger; developer appeals", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Developer sues City of Imperial in federal court after moving project to county land", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "Imperial County Superior Court finds the City of Imperial's amended CEQA complaint legally insufficient", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2026-04-07", "event": "Board of Supervisors approves lot merger 4-1", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Imperial Irrigation District rejects developer's water application", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Board of Supervisors adopts 45-day data center moratorium; developer sues IID for water access", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Moratorium extended ten months and fifteen days", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-28", "event": "County says Superior Court found moratorium findings insufficient and ordered it withdrawn", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-09", "event": "Superior Court sets aside lot merger approval and orders CEQA environmental review", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Imperial Valley Computer Manufacturing v. Imperial Irrigation District", "court": "Imperial County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-06-05", "status": "pending", "summary": "The developer's verified petition challenges the irrigation district's denial of water service for the data center, raising eight legal claims.", "source": "s11", "quote": "On June 5, 2026, the company filed a verified petition in Imperial County Superior Court against the Imperial Irrigation District. The petition lists eight legal claims." } ], "issues": [ "The City of Imperial sued under CEQA, citing air quality, water use, and energy demand near homes (s2)", "The developer previously said the project would not use Colorado River water, then sought it after recycled-water talks failed (s4)", "KPBS reported the campus could use nearly double the electricity Imperial County used in 2024 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "'This data center will come.' The fight over California's largest AI development", "publisher": "inewsource", "url": "https://inewsource.org/2026/04/05/data-center-developer-imperial-county/", "date": "2026-04-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "This million-square-foot data center would be the biggest in the state. How local leaders are challenging it", "publisher": "CalMatters", "url": "https://calmatters.org/environment/2026/06/imperial-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Developer of $10B Data Center Sues City of Imperial in Fed Court", "publisher": "Calexico Chronicle", "url": "https://calexicochronicle.com/2026/01/12/developer-of-10b-data-center-sues-city-of-imperial-in-fed-court/", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Imperial Valley data center developer files lawsuit seeking access to Colorado River water", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/06/15/imperial-valley-data-center-developer-files-lawsuit-seeking-access-to-colorado-river-water", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Imperial County supervisors clear path for massive data center complex amid fierce opposition", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/07/imperial-county-supervisors-clear-path-for-massive-data-center-complex-amid-fierce-opposition", "date": "2026-04-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Imperial County Provides Update on Data Center Moratorium", "publisher": "County of Imperial", "url": "https://imperialcounty.org/2026/08/icdcmoratorium2026/", "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Court overturns approval of Imperial County data center, orders environmental review", "publisher": "KPBS", "url": "https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/09/09/court-overturns-approval-of-imperial-county-data-center-orders-environmental-review", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Desert data center developer challenges county moratorium in court", "publisher": "Courthouse News Service", "url": "https://www.courthousenews.com/desert-data-center-developer-challenges-county-moratorium-in-court/", "date": "2026-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "City of Imperial sues County to halt massive data center project, City of El Centro responds", "publisher": "Imperial Valley Press", "url": "https://www.ivpressonline.com/news/city-of-imperial-sues-county-to-halt-massive-data-center-project-city-of-el-centro/article_df62d7e7-49e4-496f-b55a-70743e48792e.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-12-13" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Imperial's CEQA Claims Are Insufficient to Challenge Data Center", "publisher": "Calexico Chronicle", "url": "https://calexicochronicle.com/2026/02/11/court-imperials-ceqa-claims-are-insufficient-to-challenge-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-11" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "Data center water fight heads to Imperial County court", "publisher": "Western Water", "url": "https://www.western-water.com/2026/08/04/data-center-water-fight-heads-to-imperial-county-court/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-04" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "coreweave-lancaster-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/coreweave-lancaster-pa", "name": "CoreWeave Lancaster data center", "aka": [ "Lancaster East", "Chirisa Lancaster" ], "city": "Lancaster", "county": "Lancaster County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.0379, "lng": -76.3055, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First Greenfield Road building under construction; second building and Harrisburg Pike site still need approvals", "developer": "Chirisa Technology Parks and Machine Investment Group", "endUsers": [ "CoreWeave" ], "summary": "Chirisa Technology Parks and Machine Investment Group are converting two former LSC Communications/R.R. Donnelley printing plants in Lancaster city, at 216 Greenfield Road and 1375 Harrisburg Pike, into AI data centers with CoreWeave as tenant. CoreWeave says it will commit up to $6 billion for 100 MW of initial capacity, expandable to 300 MW. The first Greenfield Road building is under construction and targeted for summer 2027; residents are appealing approval of a second building.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 100, "unit": "MW", "note": "initial IT capacity, expandable to 300 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "potential expansion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "CoreWeave commitment of up to $6 billion; total project budget reported as up to $10 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 144, "unit": "acres", "note": "two former printing plant properties", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 600, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 175, "note": "about 70 at launch, scaling to 175", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Summer 2027 for the first Greenfield Road building", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Suburban Manufacturing (SM); data center use deemed consistent with the district", "source": "s9", "quote": "These properties are zoned for Suburban Manufacturing (SM), which is regulated by Chapter 300 of the Code of the City of Lancaster." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "None offered by the City of Lancaster", "source": "s9", "quote": "No. The City of Lancaster has not offered any development incentives (tax breaks, discounted fees, etc.) to the project." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community benefits agreement: owners contribute $10 million each to two funds, paid in $2.5 million increments starting at construction financing", "source": "s10", "quote": "The owners will contribute $10 million each to two funds" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gallons per day", "note": "cap per campus under the community benefits agreement, not a measured figure", "source": "s10", "quote": "Water use is capped at 20,000 gallons per day per campus, significantly less than the use for typical manufacturing" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air cooling and a closed-loop water system", "source": "s9", "quote": "air cooling and a closed-loop water system for cooling" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "PA DEP air quality permit for emergency diesel generators at 216 Greenfield Road; draft approval published in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on November 15, 2025", "source": "s9", "quote": "PA DEP posted the draft permit approval in the Pennsylvania Bulletin on November 15, 2025, initiating a 30-day public comment period." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-02", "event": "City zoning officer classifies both data centers as a permitted wholesale trade and storage use", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Work begins on first Greenfield Road building", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-07-15", "event": "CoreWeave announces up to $6 billion commitment for Lancaster data center", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "event": "Lancaster City Council approves $20 million community benefits agreement, 6-1", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-02-24", "event": "Report that lenders passed on construction financing; CoreWeave says project is fully funded and moving forward", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Residents' group appeals planning commission's conditional preliminary approval of a second Greenfield Road data center", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-09-28", "body": "Lancaster City Zoning Hearing Board", "description": "Hearing on Lancaster Residents Against Glut and Exhaust (RAGE) appeal of the second Greenfield Road data center, 4 p.m., City Hall", "source": "s7" } ], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents argued the project should not have been approved as 'wholesale trade and storage' without public hearings (s3, s4)", "Community benefits agreement limits noise, restricts testing of 176 backup diesel generators, and requires 100% renewable energy (including nuclear) for 10 years; critics called its penalties 'pay to pollute' (s5)", "Residents raised water, noise and air quality concerns (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "CoreWeave Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Commitment to AI Infrastructure in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "CoreWeave", "url": "https://investors.coreweave.com/news/news-details/2025/CoreWeave-Announces-Multi-Billion-Dollar-Commitment-to-AI-Infrastructure-in-Pennsylvania/default.aspx", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "CoreWeave plans $6bn data center in Lancaster, Pennsylvania", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-plans-6bn-data-center-in-lancaster-pennsylvania/", "date": "2025-07-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Lancaster, Pa., Hearing to Revisit Data Center Zoning Decision", "publisher": "Government Technology", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/lancaster-pa-hearing-to-revisit-data-center-zoning-decision", "date": "2025-08-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lancaster city data centers face zoning hearing, possible new regulations", "publisher": "WITF", "url": "https://www.witf.org/2025/08/28/lancaster-city-data-centers-face-zoning-hearing-possible-new-regulations/", "date": "2025-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lancaster City Council votes to approve data center benefits agreement", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/lancaster-city-council-votes-to-approve-data-center-benefits-agreement/article_b05cb1fd-a585-4c4f-8945-c96ada3172ad.html", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lenders passed on financing for Lancaster city data centers: report", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/business/local_business/report-lenders-passed-on-financing-for-lancaster-city-data-centers/article_cf4631fa-288f-43ef-adf8-d21b63da5d9b.html", "date": "2026-02-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Second planned Lancaster city data center facing residents' appeal", "publisher": "LancasterOnline", "url": "https://lancasteronline.com/news/local/second-planned-lancaster-city-data-center-facing-residents-appeal/article_9c47bec3-7771-48f9-8fb2-5a02a3df25e4.html", "date": "2026-08-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Data Center Information", "publisher": "City of Lancaster", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Frequently Asked Questions", "publisher": "City of Lancaster, PA", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/frequently-asked-questions/", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Data Center Community Benefits Agreement", "publisher": "City of Lancaster, PA", "url": "https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/data-center/community-benefits-agreement/", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "google-botetourt-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-botetourt-county-va", "name": "Google Botetourt County Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": null, "county": "Botetourt County", "state": "VA", "lat": 37.4994, "lng": -79.8767, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "County issued grading plans and land disturbance permit in August 2026; first building targeted for 2028", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google plans a three-building data center campus on a 312-acre parcel inside the Botetourt Center at Greenfield, the only area zoned for a data center in the County. The campus will have a peak electricity demand of approximately 300 megawatts, and Google is initially allowed to use no more than 2 million gallons of water per day, though the first of three buildings will use air-cooling technology. The County issued the grading plans and land disturbance permit in August 2026, and the first data center structure is expected to be completed during calendar year 2028.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate peak electricity demand", "source": "s9", "quote": "Google will have a peak electricity demand of approximately 300 megawatts, a figure that has not previously been made public." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 312, "source": "s1", "quote": "June 24, the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors approved supporting the performance agreement which publicly announced Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel of land." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s3", "quote": "The incremental tax base for each of the three data centers in this campus is expected to yield at least $10 million in annual local taxation." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 300000, "note": "about 300,000 square feet per building; three buildings proposed", "source": "s6", "quote": "Each of the three proposed data center buildings will cover about 300,000 square feet, along with three substations, an office building, access roads, utilities, parking areas and stormwater management facilities" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "note": "initial cap; option to request up to 8 million gallons per day in the future", "source": "s5", "quote": "Google is initially allowed to use no more than 2 million gallons of water per day, with the option to request up to 8 million gallons per day in the future" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Western Virginia Water Authority (new infrastructure at Google's expense)", "source": "s10", "quote": "with Google, will enable the Authority to develop new, efficient and sustainable water infrastructure solutions, solely at the company's expense" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "air-cooling for the first of three buildings", "source": "s5", "quote": "the first of three buildings will use air-cooling technology instead of water cooling" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Appalachian Power", "source": "s2", "quote": "Appalachian Power evaluated the electric system well in advance to ensure it could safely and reliably support a data center of this magnitude in Botetourt County." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Power purchase agreement for the full output (79.3 MW) of the Rocky Forge Wind project", "source": "s3", "quote": "the full output (79.3 megawatts) of the Rocky Forge Wind project, Virginia's first utility-scale wind facility." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$4 million to support County initiatives over five years", "source": "s3", "quote": "$4 million to support County initiatives over the next five years" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Data centers permitted in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district", "source": "s1", "quote": "voted to amend the County's zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "calendar year 2028 (first data center structure)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first Data Center structure is expected to be completed and fit for use and during calendar year 2028." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Botetourt Center at Greenfield business park", "source": "s1", "quote": "Located inside the Botetourt Center at Greenfield, which is a designated business park and the only area zoned for a data center in the County." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-26", "event": "Board of Supervisors and Planning Commission amend zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the RAM district", "source": "s1", "quote": "voted to amend the County's zoning ordinance to permit data centers in the Research and Advanced Manufacturing (RAM) zoning district" }, { "date": "2025-06-24", "event": "Board of Supervisors approves performance agreement; Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel announced", "source": "s1", "quote": "June 24, the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors approved supporting the performance agreement which publicly announced Google's purchase of a 312-acre parcel of land." }, { "date": "2025-09-10", "event": "Western Virginia Water Authority board authorizes agreements including one with Google", "source": "s10", "quote": "On September 10, 2025, the Authority's Board of Directors authorized execution of two agreements" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "County receives first construction permit applications for grading", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first construction permit applications for grading were received by Botetourt County in February 2026 and the grading plans and land disturbance permit issued by the County in August 2026." }, { "date": "2026-07-22", "event": "Google announces air-cooled technology for the first data center building", "source": "s1", "quote": "On July 22, Google announced it would be using air-cooled technology on the first data center building on the campus." }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "County issues grading plans and land disturbance permit", "source": "s1", "quote": "The first construction permit applications for grading were received by Botetourt County in February 2026 and the grading plans and land disturbance permit issued by the County in August 2026." }, { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "Appalachian Power files application with the State Corporation Commission for grid upgrades to serve the campus", "source": "s9", "quote": "Among various technical details in Appalachian's Sept. 4 application" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents have raised concerns about cost, tax revenue allocation and environmental impacts, including potential water use of millions of gallons per day (s9)", "By contracted water use, the site would be Google's eighth-largest data center complex worldwide (s7)", "Appalachian Power estimates $264 million in transmission and substation upgrades, which the county says will be paid for by Google (s2, s9)", "Contractors said grading would start after Labor Day 2026; federal and state environmental permits remained under review by other agencies (s8)", "The Board of Supervisors and Economic Development Authority agreed to a 20-year performance agreement covering taxation of server equipment (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google Data Center", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/1021/Google-Data-Center", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google Data Center • Electricity", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/1024/Google-Data-Center-Electricity", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google Advances Botetourt County Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Botetourt County, VA", "url": "https://www.botetourtva.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/1084", "date": "2026-03-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google purchases land for potential data center in Botetourt County", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2025/06/24/google-purchases-land-potential-data-center-botetourt-county/", "date": "2025-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google to use air-cooling at future Botetourt County data center", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2026/07/23/google-use-air-cooling-future-botetourt-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-07-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Google says it will break ground on Botetourt data center campus in coming months", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/03/27/google-says-it-will-break-ground-on-botetourt-data-center-campus-in-coming-months/", "date": "2026-03-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "By water use, Google's Botetourt site would be its 8th largest data center complex in the world", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/07/09/by-water-use-googles-botetourt-site-would-be-its-8th-largest-data-center-complex-in-the-world/", "date": "2026-07-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Roanoke Valley Field Notes: Google gets permit to begin grading for Botetourt County data center", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/09/03/roanoke-valley-field-notes-google-gets-permit-to-begin-grading-for-botetourt-county-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "New details emerge about Botetourt grid upgrades for Google data center", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2026/09/16/new-details-emerge-about-botetourt-grid-upgrades-for-google-data-center/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Google Data Center in Botetourt Center at Greenfield", "publisher": "Western Virginia Water Authority", "url": "https://www.westernvawater.org/customers/capital-projects/draft-proposed-data-center-in-botetourt-center-at-greenfield", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "utility" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "nebius-vineland-nj", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/nebius-vineland-nj", "name": "Nebius Vineland Data Center", "aka": [ "DataOne Vineland" ], "city": "Vineland", "county": "Cumberland County", "state": "NJ", "lat": 39.4864, "lng": -75.026, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "City issued stop-construction orders on LNG tank and fuel cell work, Aug 2026", "developer": "DataOne", "endUsers": [ "Microsoft" ], "summary": "An AI data center in Vineland, New Jersey, built by DataOne for Nebius, which says it will deliver dedicated capacity from the site to Microsoft. It is reported as a 300 MW project drawing most of its power from on-site natural gas generation, including Bloom Energy fuel cells. The project has drawn resident protests over noise, emissions and water, and in August 2026 the city issued stop-construction orders over unpermitted LNG tank and fuel cell work.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "note": "WHYY has also reported 350 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 200, "note": "about 200, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "about 1,000, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "About 85% on-site natural gas generation (including Bloom Energy fuel cells; proposed 1.5-million-gallon LNG tank), remainder from Vineland Municipal Utilities and Atlantic City Electric", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Nebius says 1 million-gallon initial fill and about 7 Olympic pools a year; press reports about 20 million gallons a year", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Five-year PILOT agreement approved January 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operational by 2027, per Nebius", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "NJDEP: no permits issued and no applications under review for power generators at the DataOne facility (August 2026)", "source": "s8", "quote": "A New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection spokesperson confirmed that the agency \"has issued no permits, nor are any permit applications under review for power generators at the DataOne facility in Vineland.\"" }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "62 on-site generators, at least 45 observed operating in August 2026", "source": "s8", "quote": "Thermal drone footage we captured last week showed the partly completed DataOne facility in Vineland was operating at least 45 of the site's 62 generators at the time." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Earlier application: 32 natural gas engines (five for backup) and six diesel emergency generators; second phase now proposes Bloom Energy fuel cells", "source": "s9", "quote": "DataOne's application previously proposed the use of 32 high-efficiency natural gas engines, of which five would be utilized for back-up generation, as well as six diesel generators for emergency power." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06", "event": "First phase approved; construction begins", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-03-05", "event": "Nebius announces up-to-300 MW New Jersey data center", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-09-08", "event": "Nebius announces multi-billion-dollar agreement to deliver Vineland capacity to Microsoft", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Five-year PILOT agreement approved", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "More than 100 residents rally against the project at Giampietro Memorial Park", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-12", "event": "City issues two stop-construction orders over LNG tank and Bloom Energy fuel cell work done without permits", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Brown, Montgomery and Gentile v. DataOne", "court": "New Jersey Superior Court, Cumberland County", "filed": "2026-06", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby residents seek class certification and compensation for diminished property values over continuous humming noise; DataOne has moved to dismiss, with a motion hearing set for Sept. 25, 2026.", "source": "s10", "quote": "N.J. Superior Court Judge James Swift, sitting in Cumberland County, has scheduled a motion hearing for September 25 to dismiss a noise lawsuit filed by nearby residents against DataOne, under construction on South Lincoln Avenue in Vineland." } ], "issues": [ "Residents complain of persistent construction and nighttime noise; a class-action lawsuit over noise has been filed (s6, s7)", "Residents raise air quality and emissions concerns; WHYY reports estimated emissions above 2 billion pounds of CO2 a year (s5, s7)", "Residents question water use during drought and in a wellhead protection area (s5, s6)", "Opponents say DataOne began work without municipal approval (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "DataOne to build Nebius' data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/dataone-to-build-nebius-data-center-in-new-jersey/", "date": "2025-03-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Nebius accelerates US expansion, adding up to 300 MW capacity at new data center in New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-accelerates-us-expansion-adding-up-to-300-mw-capacity-at-new-data-center-in-new-jersey", "date": "2025-03-05", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Nebius x Vineland, New Jersey", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/vinelandnj", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Nebius announces multi-billion dollar agreement with Microsoft for AI infrastructure", "publisher": "Nebius", "url": "https://nebius.com/newsroom/nebius-announces-multi-billion-dollar-agreement-with-microsoft-for-ai-infrastructure", "date": "2025-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Vineland residents are protesting AI data center as concerns mount over noise and emissions", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/data-center-artificial-intelligence-vineland-new-jersey/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Vineland Residents Protest $17B Microsoft-Linked AI Data Center Project", "publisher": "SNJ Today", "url": "https://snjtoday.com/vineland-residents-protest-ai-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "City of Vineland, N.J. issues stop-work order to parts of data center", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "One of the East Coast's largest data centers has been accused of 'violating federal law'", "publisher": "Latitude Media (Floodlight)", "url": "https://www.latitudemedia.com/news/one-of-the-east-coasts-largest-data-centers-has-been-accused-of-violating-federal-law/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-28" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Vineland data center proposes plan to use fuel cells", "publisher": "WHYY", "url": "https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-hearing-power-generation/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Data Center Noise Complaint Goes to Judge", "publisher": "South Jersey Media (SNJ Today)", "url": "https://southjersey.media/snj-today/snj-lifestyle/data-center-noise-complaint-goes-to-judge/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-09-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "new-hill-digital-campus-apex-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/new-hill-digital-campus-apex-nc", "name": "New Hill Digital Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Apex", "county": "Wake County", "state": "NC", "lat": 35.7197, "lng": -78.8439, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Developer withdrew annexation and rezoning applications in March 2026; Apex adopted a 12-month data center moratorium in April 2026", "developer": "Natelli Investments", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Natelli Investments proposed the New Hill Digital Campus, a data center on 189 acres near Duke Energy's Shearon Harris Nuclear Plant, and filed annexation, rezoning and land use amendment requests with the Town of Apex. In March 2026 the developer withdrew its annexation and rezoning applications, citing the town's ongoing deliberations over zoning changes, and said the project could be revisited if Apex approves zoning changes allowing data centers. The Apex Town Council then unanimously passed a 12-month moratorium on data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 189, "source": "s1", "quote": "Natelli Investments LLC has filed a request to annex and rezone 189 acres in the Town of Apex for a new data storage facility." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 300, "unit": "MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer of New Hill Digital Campus is withdrawing its annexation and rezoning applications for the property that was set to house the proposed 300 MW data center." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "differing figure reported by WRAL", "source": "s3", "quote": "The proposed 250-megawatt facility was going to be called the 'New Hill Digital Campus.'" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "note": "70-foot buildings", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project would have included six 70-foot buildings and about 80 3-megawatt generators on 189 acres of Shearon Harris Road, not far from Duke Energy's Harris Nuclear Plant." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "about 80 3-megawatt generators", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project would have included six 70-foot buildings and about 80 3-megawatt generators on 189 acres of Shearon Harris Road, not far from Duke Energy's Harris Nuclear Plant." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "recirculating nonpotable water (developer-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Water used to cool the facility will come from recirculating nonpotable water" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "note": "Duke Energy transmission grid, per developer release", "source": "s1", "quote": "Duke Energy's transmission grid will serve the facility, according to the release, and it won't create a strain on the town's allocated power supply." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Natelli Investments files land use amendment, rezoning and annexation requests with the Town of Apex", "source": "s1", "quote": "Natelli Investments LLC, the developer behind a proposed data storage facility in western Wake County, filed a land use amendment and rezoning and annexation requests with the Town of Apex Tuesday, according to a press release from the developer." }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "Developer withdraws annexation and rezoning applications", "source": "s2", "quote": "The developer of New Hill Digital Campus is withdrawing its annexation and rezoning applications for the property that was set to house the proposed 300 MW data center." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Apex Town Council unanimously passes a 12-month moratorium on data centers", "source": "s5", "quote": "Apex will be off-limits to data centers for the next year after the Town Council unanimously passed a 12-month moratorium at its Tuesday meeting." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Protect Wake County Coalition raised concerns including noise, air pollution and energy and water use (s2)", "An online petition against the proposal gathered nearly 2,000 signatures (s1)", "Natelli said the project could be revisited if Apex approves zoning changes allowing data centers (s2, s5)", "After the withdrawal, Apex Mayor Pro Tem Terry Mahaffey said he would propose a one-year moratorium on data center applications, permits and construction (s3, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Developer Files Plans for \"Digital Campus\" in Western Wake", "publisher": "INDY Week", "url": "https://indyweek.com/news/wake/developer-files-plans-for-digital-campus-in-western-wake/", "date": "2025-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Proposed data center in Wake County is withdrawing its application", "publisher": "WUNC", "url": "https://www.wunc.org/environment/2026-03-05/proposed-data-center-new-hill-digital-campus-wake-county-apex", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents near proposed Apex data center relieved project is scrapped, says more work needed", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/natelli-withdraws-apex-data-center-project-shearon-harris-march-2026/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Controversial New Hill Data Center Project Withdrawn, Ending Months of Debate in Apex (NC)", "publisher": "Holly Springs Update", "url": "https://www.hollyspringsupdate.com/p/controversial-new-hill-data-center", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Apex Approves One-Year Moratorium on Data Centers", "publisher": "INDY Week", "url": "https://indyweek.com/news/apex-approves-one-year-moratorium-on-data-centers/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-blue-pima-county-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-blue-pima-county-az", "name": "Project Blue", "aka": [], "city": "Tucson", "county": "Pima County", "state": "AZ", "lat": 32.22167, "lng": -110.92639, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began April 2026 on unincorporated county land after Tucson ended annexation talks; end user undisclosed", "developer": "Beale Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A $3.6 billion data center campus by Beale Infrastructure on a 290-acre former Pima County parcel west of Houghton Road near the Pima County Fairgrounds outside Tucson, with four initial buildings and up to ten possible. After the Tucson City Council ended annexation talks in August 2025, Beale redesigned to closed-loop air cooling, secured a 286 MW TEP power agreement approved by the Arizona Corporation Commission, and began construction in April 2026. A judge dismissed an open-meeting-law challenge in April 2026; the end user is confidential.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 290, "unit": "acres", "note": "Sold by Pima County for $20,875,000", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "Initial phase; up to 10 buildings possible", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3600000000, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 180, "note": "By 2029", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "note": "3,000+ over 2026-2028", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 286, "unit": "MW", "note": "Utility supply under TEP agreement by 2028", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 20000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "Estimated 15,000-20,000 gallons daily; groundwater rights total 96.5 acre-feet/year", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Groundwater wells approved by ADWR", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop air-cooled", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Tucson Electric Power (TEP)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First building operational as soon as 2027", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "ADWR approved two commercial groundwater wells for Bobcat Tucson Water LLC, each with 600 gpm pumping capacity, using three existing groundwater rights totaling 96.50 acre-feet per year", "source": "s5", "quote": "each well will have the pumping capacity of 600 gallons per minute" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Pima County Board of Supervisors approves sale of 290 acres to Beale", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-06", "event": "Tucson City Council votes to end annexation negotiations, cutting off Tucson Water", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-25", "event": "Beale and TEP file special power agreement with Arizona Corporation Commission", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "Arizona Corporation Commission approves TEP agreement 4-1", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Beale-affiliated Bobcat Tucson Water LLC applies to ADWR for two commercial groundwater wells", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "No Desert Data Center Coalition sues Pima County in Superior Court alleging Open Meeting Law violations in the rezoning", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-02-19", "event": "Arizona Attorney General files appeal in Maricopa County Superior Court challenging the ACC's approval of the TEP–Beale agreement", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Superior Court Judge Brenden Griffin dismisses No Desert Data Center Coalition's open-meeting lawsuit; plaintiffs planned appeal", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-24", "event": "Construction underway as dozens protest at the site", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-05-28", "event": "Arizona water officials' approval of the two wells is reported", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Arizona Attorney General appeal of Arizona Corporation Commission approval of TEP–Beale energy supply agreement", "court": "Maricopa County Superior Court", "filed": "2026-02-19", "status": "pending", "summary": "Attorney General Kris Mayes asks the court to vacate the Commission's approval of the TEP–Beale Infrastructure agreement for Project Blue and remand with instructions to remove a provision letting the parties set rates privately.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Attorney General Mayes today filed an appeal in Maricopa County Superior Court challenging the Arizona Corporation Commission's approval of a special energy agreement between Tucson Electric Power (TEP) and and Beale Infrastructure for the Project Blue data center." } ], "issues": [ "Opponents argue TEP's fossil-heavy generation undermines the developer's water and renewable claims (s6)", "Coalition alleged the county's rezoning agenda failed to disclose the data center purpose; judge disagreed (s2)", "Amazon reportedly dropped out as customer per Arizona Daily Star sources; Beale says a customer will be ready by 2027 (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Project Blue FAQ | Pima County, AZ", "publisher": "Pima County", "url": "https://www.pima.gov/3552/Project-Blue-FAQ", "date": "2026-04-23", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Pima County judge tosses lawsuit over Project Blue data center rezoning", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/azpmnews/2026/4/13/229275-pima-county-judge-tosses-lawsuit-over-project-blue-data-center-rezoning/", "date": "2026-04-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Project Blue is back: Beale moving ahead with data center on county land", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2025/08/27/project-blue-data-center-pima-county-beale-infrastructure-tep/", "date": "2025-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Arizona Corporation Commission gives green light to Project Blue power agreement", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2025/12/03/arizona-corporation-commission-gives-green-light-to-project-blue-power-agreement/", "date": "2025-12-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Arizona water officials approve wells tied to Project Blue data center", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://www.azpm.org/s/103423-arizona-water-officials-approve-wells-tied-to-project-blue-data-center/", "date": "2026-05-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "\"We said no!!\": Dozens protest as construction of Project Blue data center begins", "publisher": "AZ Luminaria", "url": "https://azluminaria.org/2026/04/24/we-said-no-dozens-protest-as-construction-of-project-blue-data-center-begins/", "date": "2026-04-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Attorney General Mayes Appeals Arizona Corporation Commission's Approval of Tucson Electric Power Data Center Deal for Project Blue", "publisher": "Arizona Attorney General's Office", "url": "https://www.azag.gov/press-release/attorney-general-mayes-appeals-arizona-corporation-commissions-approval-tucson", "type": "government", "date": "2026-02-19" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Activists file to sue Pima County over Project Blue approval process", "publisher": "AZPM", "url": "https://news.azpm.org/p/newsheadlines/2026/1/14/227982-activists-file-to-sue-pima-county-over-project-blue-approval-process/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-01-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "golden-valley-technology-hub-kern-county-ca", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/golden-valley-technology-hub-kern-county-ca", "name": "Golden Valley Technology Hub", "aka": [ "CRC Elk Hills data center", "Taft data center" ], "city": "Taft", "county": "Kern County", "state": "CA", "lat": 35.28, "lng": -119.47, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Permits filed with Kern County June 2026; conditional use permit and environmental review pending. No annexation found", "developer": "California Resources Corp. (CRC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "California Resources Corp. (CRC) and Beacon Data Centers propose the Golden Valley Technology Hub on CRC’s Elk Hills oil field property outside Taft in Kern County. It would run on power from CRC’s existing Elk Hills gas-fired power plant, with the grid as limited backup, and use closed-loop cooling. The project needs a county conditional use permit and environmental review; reported sizes differ widely between outlets.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 275, "unit": "MW", "note": "per Bakersfield Californian; Taft Midway Driller reports 25 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 90, "unit": "acres", "note": "Driller; 23ABC reports 100 acres", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 400000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "per 23ABC; Driller reports 40,000 sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Surplus power from CRC's natural gas-fired Elk Hills Power Plant; grid as limited backup", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop, non-evaporative", "note": "500,000-gallon initial fill, ~5,000 gallons/year top-off per CRC", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "at peak", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 250, "note": "up to", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "14 diesel generators of 2.5 MW each, plus batteries", "note": "as proposed", "source": "s1", "quote": "Beacon said it would make sure utility ratepayers pay nothing toward the project's power-related demands by proposing back-up power in the form of batteries and a series of 14 2.5-megawatt diesel-powered electrical generators, plus a power-grid connection the center wouldn't plan to use frequently." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "About a mile and a half from the nearest home", "source": "s1", "quote": "It would be cooled not by evaporation but a recirculating water system on an existing industrial site a mile and a half from the nearest home." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06", "event": "CRC files permit applications with Kern County", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-06-24", "event": "Project publicly reported as Golden Valley Technology Hub", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "CRC holds informational meetings in Taft", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearest residence is about 1.4–1.5 miles away (s1, s3)", "Water availability in the region has been raised as a concern for Kern data center proposals (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "CRC proposes W. Kern data center with dedicated power, closed-loop cooling", "publisher": "The Bakersfield Californian", "url": "https://www.bakersfield.com/news/crc-proposes-w-kern-data-center-with-dedicated-power-closed-loop-cooling/article_5f2d14f7-8f86-4478-958d-513b8f9de1da.html", "date": "2026-06-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Massive AI data center proposed for Kern County's Elk Hills", "publisher": "23ABC News (KERO)", "url": "https://www.turnto23.com/news/in-your-neighborhood/taft-maricopa/massive-ai-data-center-proposed-for-kern-countys-elk-hills", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "CRC holds informational meetings on proposed data center", "publisher": "Taft Midway Driller", "url": "https://www.taftmidwaydriller.com/news/crc-holds-informational-meetings-on-proposed-data-center/article_c5ebd0e4-9843-41d6-baf6-c9568b1270dc.html", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Golden Valley", "publisher": "Golden Valley Technology Hub (CRC / Beacon)", "url": "https://www.goldenvalleytechhub.com/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center proposed in Inyokern and now Taft", "publisher": "KBAK/KBFX Eyewitness News", "url": "https://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/data-center-proposed-in-inyokern-and-now-taft", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "core-scientific-coreweave-denton-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/core-scientific-coreweave-denton-tx", "name": "Core Scientific Denton Data Center", "aka": [ "CoreWeave Denton" ], "city": "Denton", "county": "Denton County", "state": "TX", "lat": 33.2164, "lng": -97.1292, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "More than 16,000 GPUs deployed as of January 2026; facility expansion under construction as of April 2026", "developer": "Core Scientific", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Core Scientific is converting its former bitcoin mining campus at 8171 Jim Christal Road in Denton into an AI data center for CoreWeave, a project the Denton City Council approved in 2024 with a total real property investment of roughly $6.1 billion. A February 2025 expansion brought the site's full critical IT load to approximately 260 MW, and CoreWeave had deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the delayed facility as of January 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "it_mw", "value": 260, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximately; full critical IT load after 70 MW expansion (company-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "The 70 MW of additional contracted power at the Denton site increases the full critical IT load to approximately 260 MW." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 6100000000, "note": "roughly; total real property investment", "source": "s3", "quote": "The improvements will require a total real property investment of roughly $6.1 billion" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 78, "note": "leased footprint after November 2024 expansion", "source": "s3", "quote": "Core Scientific would expand its footprint to 78 acres — doubling its current size." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "note": "up to 300 at full development", "source": "s3", "quote": "Core Scientific plans to have up to 300 full-time employees on-site at full development." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Denton Municipal Electric", "source": "s2", "quote": "On Tuesday night, the Denton City Council unanimously approved modifying the power purchase agreement between Core Scientific and Denton Municipal Electric." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Backup generators and heat exchangers on an additional 2.1 leased acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The council also approved an amendment to the city's lease with Core Scientific to include an additional 2.1 acres for the backup generators and heat exchangers." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "8171 Jim Christal Road, Denton", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Denton City Council approved several measures that would allow the conversion and expansion of facilities at 8171 Jim Christal Road in a specially called meeting Tuesday evening." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Denton City Council votes 5-0 to amend Core Scientific's power purchase agreement and lease to allow high-performance computing for AI", "source": "s1", "quote": "The City Council voted 5-0 to approve amending the power purchase agreement and amending its lease agreement with Core Scientific." }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Denton City Council approves measures allowing conversion and expansion of the Jim Christal Road facility, with roughly $6.1 billion in real property investment and a 78-acre footprint", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Denton City Council approved several measures that would allow the conversion and expansion of facilities at 8171 Jim Christal Road in a specially called meeting Tuesday evening." }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "event": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave announce a $1.2 billion expansion adding 70 MW of contracted power at Denton", "source": "s4", "quote": "The new agreement brings an additional $1.2 billion in contracted revenue across Core Scientific's Denton TX location" }, { "date": "2026-01-13", "event": "DCD, citing The Information, reports CoreWeave has deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the delayed Denton facility", "source": "s5", "quote": "According to a report from The Information and citing internal communications, the neocloud has now successfully deployed more than 16,000 GPUs at the facility." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Information, as reported by DCD, identified the Denton facility as being developed for OpenAI and as the CoreWeave project delayed by a third-party developer (s5)", "Some residents raised concerns about noise and health impacts from Denton's data center growth (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Core Scientific gets approval to bring high-powered computing for AI to Denton", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/science-technology/2024-08-28/core-scientific-gets-approval-to-bring-high-powered-computing-for-ai-to-denton", "date": "2024-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Goodbye, crypto; hello, AI: Denton data center is changing focus, planning to grow and use more power", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/news/2024-11-21/goodbye-crypto-hello-ai-denton-data-center-is-changing-focus-planning-to-grow-and-use-more-power", "date": "2024-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Denton approves $6.1 billion bitcoin mining to AI data center conversion", "publisher": "The Dallas Morning News", "url": "https://www.dallasnews.com/business/real-estate/2024/11/20/denton-approves-61-billion-bitcoin-mining-to-ai-data-center-conversion/", "date": "2024-11-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Core Scientific and CoreWeave Announce $1.2 Billion Expansion at Denton, TX Site", "publisher": "Core Scientific", "url": "https://investors.corescientific.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/110/core-scientific-and-coreweave-announce-1-2-billion-expansion-at-denton-tx-site", "date": "2025-02-26", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "CoreWeave deploys 16,000 GPUs at delayed data center in Denton, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/coreweave-deploys-16000-gpus-at-delayed-data-center-in-denton-texas/", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Denton's data center boom sparks debate over growth and resources", "publisher": "Denton Record-Chronicle", "url": "https://dentonrc.com/news/denton/denton-s-data-center-boom-sparks-debate-over-growth-and-resources/article_edd8a259-a067-45b1-bd99-7aefa775f940.html", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "qts-fayetteville-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/qts-fayetteville-ga", "name": "QTS Fayetteville data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Excalibur", "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta" ], "city": "Fayetteville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4487, "lng": -84.4549, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "First building (Microsoft Fairwater) opened October 2025; rest of campus under construction", "developer": "QTS Data Centers (Blackstone)", "endUsers": [ "Microsoft" ], "summary": "QTS, a Blackstone subsidiary, is building a 615-acre data center campus on Highway 54 on the west side of Fayetteville, planned for up to about 7 million sq ft. Its first building, over 1 million sq ft, opened in October 2025 and is leased to Microsoft for its Fairwater AI 'superfactory'. QTS has also filed plans for a 2 million sq ft expansion on 313 acres west of Veterans Parkway.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 615, "unit": "acres", "note": "land acquired in 2022 for about $154 million", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 7000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "up to about 7 million sq ft planned; DCD reports 6.6 million sq ft in 16 buildings", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "planned", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "approximate capacity as reported by DCD", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Fayette County Water System (municipal)", "note": "construction use under 1% of county production; operational use described as about four households", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Georgia Power", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Fully operational by 2030; ATL2 East expansion by 2029", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000, "unit": "gal/day", "note": "per city officials; closed-loop system", "source": "s8", "quote": "According to officials, QTS uses 2,000 gallons of water a day compared to a 'typical data center' using more than one million gallons per day." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "East campus expansion: two parcels fronting Veterans Parkway rezoned from planned community district to business park, with a future land use map update", "source": "s8", "quote": "Rezoning changes the two parcels from planned community district to business park." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08", "event": "QTS confirmed as buyer of about 600 acres for $153.8 million for a 250 MW campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "First building occupied", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "event": "Certificate of completion issued for first building", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Microsoft Fairwater AI facility opens in first building", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "QTS files plans for 2 million sq ft ATL2 East expansion on 313 acres west of Veterans Parkway", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Fayette County issues statement on QTS construction water use", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County records showed QTS used 109 million gallons across 13 water lines during construction, and two lines were installed without county inspection; QTS says it did not use water improperly, and the county later attributed billing problems to a smart meter transition (s7)", "Residents along Georgia Power's Ashley Park-Wansley 500 kV transmission line face easement and eminent domain demands; Georgia Power says the line does not serve a single customer (s4)", "Neighbors say the campus does not fit Fayette County's residential character (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "QTS confirmed as behind 250MW data center mega-project in Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-confirmed-as-behind-250mw-data-center-mega-project-in-fayetteville-georgia/", "date": "2022-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "QTS files to expand Fayetteville data center campus in Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-files-to-expand-fayetteville-data-center-campus-in-georgia/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft's newest AI 'superfactory' opens at sprawling Fayetteville campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "The data center boom is transforming Georgia. Some residents could lose their land.", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2026/05/the-data-center-boom-is-transforming-georgia-some-residents-could-lose-their-land/", "date": "2026-05-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Facts about the QTS Fayetteville Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Fayette County", "url": "https://fayettecountyga.gov/news_detail_T2_R185.php", "date": "2026-05-13", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "QTS Data Centers", "url": "https://q.com/data-centers/fayetteville/", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Questions raise about massive data center in Georgia as QTS pursues plans to build campus in Bessemer", "publisher": "WBRC", "url": "https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/17/questions-raise-about-massive-data-center-georgia-qts-pursues-plans-build-campus-bessemer/", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayetteville Updates City's Future Land Use Map for QTS East Campus", "publisher": "The Fayette County News", "url": "https://www.fayette-news.net/news/fayetteville-updates-city-s-future-land-use-map-for-qts-east-campus/article_0e53c7d2-4977-49e7-99ea-18f52136c62e.html", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "sabey-decatur-township-indianapolis-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/sabey-decatur-township-indianapolis-in", "name": "Sabey Decatur Technology Park", "aka": [ "Sabey Data Centers Decatur Township" ], "city": "Indianapolis", "county": "Marion County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.695, "lng": -86.29, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Variances approved March 2026 and tax abatements September 2026; residents' judicial review petition pending", "developer": "Sabey Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Seattle-based Sabey plans a two-building, 1,062,500-square-foot data center campus on 130 acres at 6400 Kentucky Ave. in Decatur Township, with an on-site substation that could provide up to 250 megawatts. The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the project's variances in March 2026 and more than $240 million in tax breaks for the $4.3 billion project in September 2026. Decatur Township residents are separately suing to block the development.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 130, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1062500, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "source": "s4", "quote": "The Sabey data center will be a two-building campus totaling 1,062,500 square-feet on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "up to 250 MW via on-site electrical substation", "source": "s4", "quote": "There will be an on-site electrical substation with the potential to provide up to 250 megawatts of computing energy." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 75, "source": "s4", "quote": "Sabey said the data center will create 75 jobs that will pay an average of $50 an hour." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 300, "note": "about 300", "source": "s4", "quote": "the project will bring about 300 construction jobs." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water-reduction system (developer-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Sabey said the design includes a closed-loop water-reduction system to reduce water usage and cool the equipment." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2031", "source": "s4", "quote": "The company anticipates that construction will begin soon and reach completion by 2031." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Real estate tax break of 60% over 10 years; equipment tax break of 90% over 15 years", "source": "s4", "quote": "The real estate tax break — a 60% reduction over 10 years — passed 6-1." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 240000000, "note": "more than $240 million", "source": "s4", "quote": "Indianapolis approved more than $240 million in tax breaks for a $4.3 billion data center a Seattle-based company is building in Decatur Township." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "$29.8 million additional investment in the southwest community", "source": "s5", "quote": "the company will invest an additional $29.8 million into the southwest community" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Metropolitan Development Commission approved tax breaks 6-1 (real estate) and 5-2 (equipment) on September 16, 2026", "source": "s5", "quote": "The commission approved the proposed tax break 6-1 for real estate taxes and 5-2 for equipment taxes" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Variance of use (no full rezoning)", "source": "s2", "quote": "Instead of seeking a full rezoning of the site — land located near residential neighborhoods — Sabey filed for a variance of use." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "6400 Kentucky Ave.", "source": "s4", "quote": "on 130 acres of land at 6400 Kentucky Ave." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-03-18", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves the project's variances", "source": "s3", "quote": "Seven Decatur Township residents filed a petition April 17 for judicial review of the Metropolitan Development Commission's decision March 18." }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "Seven Decatur Township residents file petition for judicial review of the commission's decision", "source": "s3", "quote": "Seven Decatur Township residents filed a petition April 17 for judicial review of the Metropolitan Development Commission's decision March 18." }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves more than $240 million in tax breaks", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the tax breaks for Sabey Data Centers at a meeting Wednesday at the City-County Building." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, energy demand, water use, lack of jobs and property values (s1)", "Opponents say filing for variances instead of a rezoning deprived the City-County Council of a vote (s1, s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Indianapolis approves plan to build $4B data center in Decatur Township after months of pushback", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-03-18/decatur-township-data-center-mdc-vote", "date": "2026-03-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Decatur Township residents sue to block $4B data center", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-04-20/decatur-township-residents-sue-to-block-sabey-data-center", "date": "2026-04-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Anti-data center advocates take their battle to court", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/decatur-township-civic-council-sabey-data-center-judicial-review-metropolitan-development-commission/", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "City approves $240 million tax break for data center developer's Decatur Township project", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2026-09-16/city-approves-240-million-tax-break-for-data-center-developers-decatur-township-project", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Indy officials greenlight $240M in tax breaks for southside data center", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/decatur-township-sabey-data-center-tax-abatement-incentives-southside-indianapolis-marion-county-economic-development/", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/xai-colossus-memphis-tn", "name": "xAI Colossus", "aka": [ "Colossus 1", "SpaceXAI Colossus" ], "city": "Memphis", "county": "Shelby County", "state": "TN", "lat": 35.14611, "lng": -90.05194, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Operating since Sept. 2024 at former Electrolux plant on Paul R. Lowry Road; appeal of 15-turbine permit dismissed as moot Dec. 2025", "developer": "xAI", "endUsers": [], "summary": "xAI's first Colossus AI supercomputer, in a 785,000-sq-ft former Electrolux plant on Paul R. Lowry Road in South Memphis, which began operating in September 2024 and trains the Grok model. The site draws grid power via MLGW/TVA and on-site gas turbines; the Shelby County Health Department permitted 15 turbines in July 2025 after advocates documented up to 35 operating, and the NAACP and others appealed; the Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board dismissed the appeals as moot in December 2025. A separate, larger Colossus 2 site in Memphis's Whitehaven area is tracked as its own record.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 785000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 250, "unit": "MW", "note": "Reported maximum consumption; 150 MW grid connection from Nov. 2024", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "MLGW/TVA grid plus on-site gas turbines (15 permitted, 247.2 MW) and Tesla Megapacks", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Memphis Light, Gas and Water (MLGW) / TVA", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Memphis Community Benefit Ordinance data center property tax: 25% spent on communities within five miles of data centers; $3.28 million in FY2026 revenue proposed for the area near Colossus I", "source": "s8", "quote": "Twenty-five percent will be spent directly on the communities that lie within a five-mile radius of data centers." }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "TDEC Division of Water Resources operating permit issued to CTC Property LLC for the Colossus Water Recycling Plant, 3231 Paul R. Lowry Road (up to 13 million gallons per day of aquifer water preserved)", "note": "TDEC described CTC Property LLC as a separate legal entity from the xAI data center", "source": "s9", "quote": "A state operating permit has been issued for the Colossus Water Recycling Plant located on 3231 Paul R. Lowry Road. The permit was issued to CTC Property LLC by the Tennessee's Department of Environment and Conservation's Division of Water Resources(TDEC)." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-06-05", "event": "xAI announces 'world's largest supercomputer' in Memphis and begins installing gas turbines", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2024-09", "event": "Colossus begins operations with 100,000 Nvidia H100 GPUs", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "TVA approves 100+ MW grid access; connection upgraded to 150 MW", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "event": "xAI announces Colossus 2 expansion at Tulane Road site in Whitehaven", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-04-09", "event": "Aerial imaging shows 35 turbines operating, per SELC", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-07-02", "event": "Shelby County Health Department approves permit for 15 gas turbines through Jan. 1, 2027 (DCD reports July 1 meeting)", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "event": "SELC, on behalf of NAACP Memphis and Young, Gifted & Green, appeals permit to Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-15", "event": "Memphis and Shelby County Air Pollution Control Board dismisses appeals of the turbine permit as moot", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Advocates say xAI ran up to 35 unpermitted turbines producing over 420 MW near frontline South Memphis neighborhoods (s3, s4)", "SELC says the permit ignored hundreds of residents' objections and disputes Clean Air Act compliance (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Colossus (supercomputer)", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_(supercomputer)", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "xAI granted permits for 15 gas turbines at Memphis data center", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/elon-musk-xai-gas-turbines-memphis/", "date": "2025-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "NAACP, others appeal xAI turbine permits for Memphis data center", "publisher": "Tennessee Lookout", "url": "https://tennesseelookout.com/briefs/naacp-others-appeal-xai-turbine-permits-for-memphis-data-center/", "date": "2025-07-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Inside Memphis' fight against xAI", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/news/inside-memphis-fight-against-xai/", "date": "2026-05-08", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Memphis | SpaceXAI Memphis", "publisher": "SpaceXAI", "url": "https://x.ai/memphis", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "The data center backlash comes for SpaceXAI's Colossus", "publisher": "Scientific American", "url": "https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spacexais-colossus-data-center-is-fueling-a-massive-backlash/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Shelby Co. Air Pollution Control Board denies appeal over xAI's turbine use, citing 'mootness'", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2025/12/16/shelby-co-air-pollution-control-board-denies-appeal-over-xais-turbine-use-citing-mootness/", "date": "2025-12-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Memphis data center tax revenue to fund $3.28 million in community investments near xAI facilities", "publisher": "Tri-State Defender", "url": "https://tri-statedefender.com/memphis-data-center-tax-revenue-to-fund-3-28-million-in-community-investments-near-xai-facilities/07/24/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-24" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "State Issues Operating Permit for Colossus Water Plant", "publisher": "Memphis Flyer", "url": "https://www.memphisflyer.com/state-issues-operating-permit-for-colossus-water-plant/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-01-28" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "panattoni-perry-township-stark-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/panattoni-perry-township-stark-county-oh", "name": "Perry Township Data Center", "aka": [ "Panattoni Perry Township Data Center" ], "city": "Canton", "county": "Stark County", "state": "OH", "lat": 40.7989, "lng": -81.3784, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Stark County commissioners approved in June 2026 after township and Canton JEDD approvals", "developer": "Panattoni Development Company", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Panattoni Development Company plans a 240-megawatt data center on a more than 100-acre site at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue in Perry Township, Stark County. Perry Township trustees and the city of Canton approved it under a JEDD agreement, and the Stark County Board of Commissioners approved it 2-0 in June 2026; local officials say it is an Amazon data center. Residents have raised concerns about air quality, water, noise and secrecy, and some are petitioning for a statewide ballot measure on large data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 240, "unit": "MW", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project aims to bring a 240-megawatt data center to a more than 100-acre site at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue in Perry Township." }, { "field": "acres", "value": "more than 100", "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project aims to bring a 240-megawatt data center to a more than 100-acre site at Faircrest Street SW and Kropf Avenue in Perry Township." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "two buildings of approximately 218,000 sq ft each and two of approximately 160,000 sq ft each", "source": "s2", "quote": "Two buildings of approximately 218,000 square feet each. Two buildings of approximately 160,000 square feet each" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 670, "note": "approximately", "source": "s2", "quote": "approximately 670 construction jobs" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Canton)", "source": "s2", "quote": "City of Canton will supply water to the project and has confirmed that there is adequate excess capacity to serve the facility" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "ambient air in cooler months; active cooling mainly in summer", "source": "s2", "quote": "facility utilizes ambient air during cooler months. Active cooling is primarily reserved for the warmer summer months" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax abatement (terms not stated in source)", "source": "s3", "quote": "Despite a tax abatement, the center will reportedly become the single biggest taxpayer in the county." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Stark County Board of Commissioners approved 2-0 in June 2026; Commissioner Alan Harold abstained", "source": "s3", "quote": "The vote was 2 to 0. Commissioner Alan Harold abstained." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Construction anticipated to begin in Q2 2026", "source": "s2", "quote": "Construction is anticipated to begin in the second quarter of 2026" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026", "event": "Perry Township trustees and the city of Canton approve the project under a JEDD agreement", "source": "s3", "quote": "Perry Township trustees and the city of Canton as part of a JEDD agreement gave their approval earlier." }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Panattoni hosts an open house at Perry High School on the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "Panattoni Development Company hosted the open house Wednesday at Perry High School to address remaining community concerns directly." }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Stark County Board of Commissioners approves the project 2-0", "source": "s3", "quote": "And that is approval Wednesday by the Stark County Board of Commissioners." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about inhalable particles, water, noise and secrecy (s1)", "Opponents are collecting signatures for a statewide ballot initiative to ban large-scale data centers (s1, s4)", "County Commissioner Richard Regula said he believes there was a conflict of interest (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Some Stark County residents skeptical of developers' answers on data center project", "publisher": "Ideastream Public Media", "url": "https://www.ideastream.org/environment-energy/2026-04-15/some-stark-county-residents-skeptical-of-developers-answers-on-data-center-project", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center Community FAQ", "publisher": "Perry Township, Stark County", "url": "https://www.perrytwp.com/Documents/Departments/Administration/FAQs%20Data%20Center%20April%202026.pdf?t=202604211620460", "date": "2026-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Perry Data Center Gets County OK", "publisher": "WHBC", "url": "https://www.whbc.com/perry-data-center-gets-county-ok/", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "As data center proposals spread across Stark County, neighbors fear what's next", "publisher": "News 5 Cleveland", "url": "https://www.news5cleveland.com/news/local-news/we-follow-through/as-data-center-proposals-spread-across-stark-county-neighbors-fear-whats-next", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "prime-phoenix-avondale-az", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/prime-phoenix-avondale-az", "name": "Prime Phoenix Campus", "aka": [ "Prime Phoenix" ], "city": "Avondale", "county": null, "state": "AZ", "lat": 33.4336, "lng": -112.3497, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Ground broken on first three buildings in May 2026", "developer": "Prime Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Prime Data Centers is building a five-building hyperscale data center campus in Avondale that will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power. In May 2026 Prime broke ground on the first three buildings, each a 267,000 square-foot facility delivering 48MW of critical IT load, and Buildings 1–3 have been secured by a leading hyperscaler. The campus is powered by a dedicated on-site substation and uses a closed-loop cooling system engineered for zero process water use during operations.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 240, "unit": "MW", "note": "total critical power at full build-out", "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 210, "unit": "MW", "note": "differing figure: critical power stated at the May 2023 announcement", "source": "s1", "quote": "Prime Phoenix will feature 210 megawatts of critical power and 1.3 million square feet of space." }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 144, "unit": "MW", "note": "critical IT load across first three buildings", "source": "s3", "quote": "48MW of critical IT load, for a combined 144MW in the opening phase" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 66.5, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1300000, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s2", "quote": "the campus, which will ultimately span 66.5 acres, 1.3 million square feet and 240MW of total critical power across five hyperscale data centers" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 3000000000, "note": "more than $3 billion by Prime; release says customers invest an average 2x more", "source": "s2", "quote": "This more than $3 billion investment by Prime with its customers investing an average 2x more represents a major step forward for our local economy, bringing new jobs, long-term growth and world-class infrastructure to our community." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "around", "source": "s4", "quote": "Around 150 high-tech, well-paid jobs will also be created." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop cooling engineered for zero process water use during operations", "source": "s2", "quote": "The facility will feature a closed-loop cooling system engineered for zero process water use during operations, eliminating the need for ongoing water consumption as part of the cooling process while enabling precise thermal management for high-density compute environments." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Dedicated on-site substation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Powering the campus is a dedicated on-site substation." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "250MW substation, Phase 1 commissioned", "source": "s3", "quote": "Phase 1 of the campus's 250MW substation has already been commissioned." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-05-04", "event": "Prime announces a five-building, 66.5-acre campus in Avondale", "source": "s1", "quote": "Prime, a developer and operator of hyperscale and wholesale data centers in America and Europe, today announced expansion into the Phoenix market with a five-building, 66.5-acre campus in Avondale." }, { "date": "2026-05-21", "event": "Prime breaks ground on three buildings; Buildings 1–3 secured by a leading hyperscaler", "source": "s2", "quote": "Buildings 1–3 have been secured by a leading hyperscaler, with Buildings 4 and 5 remaining available to meet additional demand." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Prime Announces First Phoenix Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Prime Data Centers", "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-announces-its-first-phoenix-data-center-campus/", "date": "2023-05-04", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on Three Buildings at its 240MW Campus in Phoenix, Advancing $3B Investment in Avondale", "publisher": "Prime Data Centers", "url": "https://primedatacenters.com/news/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-three-buildings-at-its-240mw-phoenix-campus-advancing-3billion-dollar-investment-in-avondale/", "date": "2026-05-21", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prime Data Centers Breaks Ground on Three Buildings in Phoenix", "publisher": "ConstructConnect", "url": "https://news.constructconnect.com/prime-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-three-buildings-in-phoenix", "date": "2026-05-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Avondale is getting its first data center. Here's what you need to know", "publisher": "12News", "url": "https://www.12news.com/article/money/avondale-arizona-first-prime-data-center/75-aa998b8d-4faa-494e-92e8-7c68ee1e69ac", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "nsa-utah-data-center-bluffdale-ut", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/nsa-utah-data-center-bluffdale-ut", "name": "Utah Data Center", "aka": [ "NSA Utah Data Center", "Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center" ], "city": "Bluffdale", "county": "Utah County", "state": "UT", "lat": 40.4733, "lng": -111.9444, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Federal facility at Camp Williams; Bluffdale water records show rising use in 2014", "developer": "National Security Agency (construction agent: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Utah Data Center is a National Security Agency facility at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams near Bluffdale, built with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as construction agent; ground was broken on Jan. 6, 2011. Plans called for approximately 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, including 100,000 sq ft of computer space, on a 240-acre site, and the Army Corps estimated the facility would require 65 megawatts of electricity. Bluffdale built a $3 million water-delivery system for the center, and city records show more water went into the facility in 2014 than in previous years.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1200000000, "note": "$1.2 billion as stated at the 2011 groundbreaking", "source": "s1", "quote": "Groundbreaking Ceremony Held for $1.2 Billion Utah Data Center" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1500000000, "note": "differing figure: $1.5 billion construction, as stated by an official quoted in the Salt Lake Tribune in 2013", "source": "s5", "quote": "Long-term stability in the utility rates was a major factor in Utah being selected as our site for our $1.5 billion construction at Camp Williams." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "note": "approximately 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, including 100,000 sq ft of computer space", "source": "s2", "quote": "The center will consist of multiple buildings providing approximately 1 million sq ft of enclosed space, including 100,000 sq ft of computer space devoted to filtering and detecting threats to the nation's cyber security." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1500000, "note": "differing figure reported by NPR in 2013", "source": "s7", "quote": "The $1.2 billion complex covers 1.5 million square feet, and includes 100,000 square feet devoted solely to computers and servers." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 240, "note": "construction site at Camp Williams", "source": "s2", "quote": "Construction on the nation's first data security center for the National Security Agency officially launched with a groundbreaking Jan. 6 on a 240-acre site at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams facility about 35 miles southwest of Salt Lake City." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 235, "note": "MIDA Utah Data Center Project Area", "source": "s3", "quote": "235 acres at Camp Williams" }, { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 65, "unit": "MW", "note": "U.S. Army Corps of Engineers estimate of electricity required", "source": "s5", "quote": "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has estimated the NSA facility will require 65 megawatts of electricity to run its equipment around the clock, which would put its annual power bill at about $18 million." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Dedicated 65 MW power substation", "source": "s2", "quote": "Kiewit Federal will remain at the site working on a $25-million contract to build the 65 MW power substation." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1700000, "note": "maximum projected requirement ('as many as')", "source": "s6", "quote": "The NSA data center in Bluffdale could require as many as 1.7 million gallons of water per day to operate and keep computers cool." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 1200000, "note": "planned figure later reduced from 1.7 million gallons a day, per Bluffdale City Council minutes", "source": "s9", "quote": "Bluffdale City Council minutes indicate that figure was later reduced to 1.2 million gallons a day." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "municipal (City of Bluffdale water-delivery system)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Bluffdale built a $3 million water-delivery system for the center." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "100 to 200", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s1", "quote": "100 to 200 permanent, high-paid employees" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": "5,000 to 10,000", "note": "range as stated", "source": "s1", "quote": "5,000 to 10,000 new jobs during the construction and development phase" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "October 2013", "note": "original planned completion", "source": "s2", "quote": "Known officially as the Community Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center or the Utah Data Center, the project is planned for completion in October 2013." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2010-03", "event": "Utah Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA) creates the Utah Data Center Project Area", "source": "s3", "quote": "MIDA created the Utah Data Center Project Area in March 2010" }, { "date": "2011-01-06", "event": "Groundbreaking held at Camp Williams", "source": "s2", "quote": "Construction on the nation's first data security center for the National Security Agency officially launched with a groundbreaking Jan. 6 on a 240-acre site at the Utah National Guard's Camp Williams facility" }, { "date": "2011-03", "event": "Bluffdale City Council unanimously adopts annexation plan encompassing the data center and Camp Williams", "source": "s4", "quote": "The City Council unanimously adopted an annexation plan" }, { "date": "2013-10-08", "event": "NSA says failures that occurred during testing have been mitigated, after reports of electrical surges", "source": "s7", "quote": "\"The failures that occurred during testing have been mitigated,\" says NSA spokeswoman Vanee' Vines." }, { "date": "2014-08", "event": "Bluffdale records show the facility's monthly water usage peaked at 6.6 million gallons", "source": "s9", "quote": "Records provided by Bluffdale show Data Center water usage spiked to 6.6 million gallons during August." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The Wall Street Journal reported 10 electrical 'meltdowns' and power surges over 13 months during testing, and that backup generators failed numerous tests (s7)", "Water records showed the facility paying minimum 'take or pay' charges for water it was not using (s8, s9)", "State officials discussed exempting the facility from a MIDA tax on electricity use of up to 6 percent authorized by HB325 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Groundbreaking Ceremony Held for $1.2 Billion Utah Data Center", "publisher": "National Security Agency/Central Security Service", "url": "https://www.nsa.gov/Press-Room/Press-Releases-Statements/Press-Release-View/Article/1630552/groundbreaking-ceremony-held-for-12-billion-utah-data-center/", "date": "2011-01-06", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Construction of National Cyber Security Center Gets Under Way in Utah", "publisher": "Engineering News-Record", "url": "https://www.enr.com/articles/22326-construction-of-national-cyber-security-center-gets-under-way-in-utah", "date": "2011-01-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Utah Data Center Project Area", "publisher": "Military Installation Development Authority (MIDA)", "url": "https://www.midaut.org/utah-data-center-project-area", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Bluffdale OKs plans to annex NSA data center", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=51391693&itype=CMSID", "date": "2011-03-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Utah moving to exempt NSA Data Center from tax", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=56677051&itype=CMSID", "date": "2013-08-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "New Utah NSA center requires 1.7M gallons of water daily to operate", "publisher": "KSL.com", "url": "https://www.ksl.com/article/25978926/new-utah-nsa-center-requires-17m-gallons-of-water-daily-to-operate", "date": "2013-07-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "NSA Says It Has 'Mitigated' Meltdowns At Utah Data Farm", "publisher": "NPR", "url": "https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/10/08/230520905/nsa-says-it-has-mitigated-meltdowns-at-utah-data-farm", "date": "2013-10-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "NSA Data Center's Water Use Pattern Indicates Economization", "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge", "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/data-center-construction/nsa-data-center-s-water-use-pattern-indicates-economization", "date": "2014-05-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "NSA Utah Data Center using more water", "publisher": "The Salt Lake Tribune", "url": "https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=2118801&itype=CMSID", "date": "2015-02-02", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "blueprint-taylor-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/blueprint-taylor-tx", "name": "Blueprint Taylor Data Center", "aka": [ "Blueprint Projects Data Center", "Blueprint Taylor DC" ], "city": "Taylor", "county": "Williamson County", "state": "TX", "lat": 30.5708, "lng": -97.4094, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "City Council approved the Employment Center Plan in July 2025; residents' appeal is pending and the Texas Attorney General opened an investigation into the land deal in September 2026", "developer": "Blueprint Data Centers (NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Blueprint is planning a 135,000-square-foot, three-building data center on a 52-acre parcel in southeast Taylor. The land had been conveyed in 1999 to be held in trust as future parkland; the Taylor Economic Development Corporation sold it to the developer for $10,000,000 on April 11, 2025. The City Council approved the project's Employment Center Plan unanimously on July 24, 2025. Residents are appealing a lawsuit over the land, and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has launched an investigation into the deal.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 60, "unit": "MW", "note": "ultimate target; initial power agreement with Oncor for 30MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "has a power agreement with Oncor for 30MW of power. Ultimately, the data center hopes to reach 60MW" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 135000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "135,000 square foot data center" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 52, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The data center will be located on a 52-acre parcel at 1601 Martin Luther King Jr. Drive in Taylor" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "three phases", "source": "s1", "quote": "three phases with a total investment of $1 billion" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "20-30", "note": "range: between 20 and 30 jobs", "source": "s2", "quote": "for the data center to create between 20 and 30 jobs" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Electric grid, via an on-site electricity substation", "source": "s1", "quote": "The project will be connected to the electric grid for power supply." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Oncor", "note": "power agreement for 30MW", "source": "s2", "quote": "has a power agreement with Oncor for 30MW of power" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "backup power generators", "source": "s1", "quote": "three buildings, an electricity substation to power it, backup power generators, and a closed-loop cooling system" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC, authorized by City Council August 8, 2024", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor City Council authorized a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 8, 2024" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Taylor City Council approved the Employment Center Plan unanimously on July 24, 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "received unanimous approval from the council on July 24" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Designated Employment Center on the future land use map", "source": "s1", "quote": "the property in question was designated employment center in the future land use map" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Energized by 2027", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project planned for Taylor is expected to have a capacity of 60 megawatts and will be energized by 2027." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "1999", "event": "Bonnibel Bland Cromwell and relatives convey the roughly 87-acre tract to the Texas Parks and Recreation Foundation", "source": "s3", "quote": "The roughly 87 acres were sold by Bonnibel Bland Cromwell and her relatives in 1999 to the Texas Parks and Recreation Foundation." }, { "date": "2024-08-02", "event": "Taylor EDC approves agreement with BPP Projects LLC", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor EDC Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 2, 2024" }, { "date": "2024-08-08", "event": "City Council authorizes a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC", "source": "s1", "quote": "Taylor City Council authorized a Chapter 380 Economic Development Agreement with BPP Projects LLC | August 8, 2024" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "event": "Taylor EDC sells the property to the developer for $10,000,000", "source": "s1", "quote": "Property sold to developer for $10,000,000 by the EDC. | April 11, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "event": "Planning & Zoning Commission holds public hearing on the Employment Center Plan", "source": "s1", "quote": "Employment Center Plan P&Z public hearing | June 10, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "event": "City Council approves the Employment Center Plan", "source": "s1", "quote": "Employment Center Plan City Council Approval | July 24, 2025" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "event": "Appeal by residents against NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC is pending before the Fifteenth Court of Appeals", "source": "s6", "quote": "On Appeal from the 395th District Court Williamson County, Texas No. 25-1957-C395" }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton launches an investigation into the land deal", "source": "s3", "quote": "Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton has launched an investigation into a landed deal underpinning planned data center in Taylor." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, light pollution, electromagnetic fields, water and air pollution (s4)", "The Halt Taylor Data Center Coalition delivered a petition of 14,000 signatures to the City Council (s4)", "Residents say the land was given to be held in trust for parkland; the Attorney General says he will seek court intervention if the property is subject to a charitable trust (s3, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Blueprint Projects Data Center", "publisher": "City of Taylor, TX", "url": "https://taylortx.gov/1293/Blueprint-Projects-Data-Center", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Blueprint Projects gets greenlight for data center in Taylor, Texas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/blueprint-projects-gets-greenlight-for-data-center-in-taylor-texas/", "date": "2025-07-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Paxton Begins Investigation into Data Center Land Deal", "publisher": "Texas Scorecard", "url": "https://texasscorecard.com/local/paxton-begins-investigation-into-planned-data-center-in-taylor/", "date": "2026-09-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Proposed data center in Taylor draws pushback from community", "publisher": "FOX 7 Austin", "url": "https://www.fox7austin.com/news/proposed-data-center-taylor-draws-pushback-from-community", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Texas Family Donated Land for a Park—Now a Data Center Is Being Built on It", "publisher": "Newsweek", "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/donated-land-texas-park-1999-data-center-built-12095688", "date": "2026-06-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Pamela Griffin, et al. v. NCP Travis TPP Project, LLC (appellee's motion for extension, No. 15-25-00202-CV)", "publisher": "CourtListener", "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/10762755/pamela-griffin-ralph-griffin-michelle-griffin-corey-griffin/", "date": "2025-12-19", "type": "court" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "dc-blox-nashville-zoo-tn", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/dc-blox-nashville-zoo-tn", "name": "DC BLOX Nashville Data Center", "aka": [ "Nashville Zoo data center", "Grassmere Park data center" ], "city": "Nashville", "county": "Davidson County", "state": "TN", "lat": 36.087, "lng": -86.74, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Blocked by Metro moratorium through 2026-12-01; Metro authorized eminent domain; DC BLOX suing in federal court", "developer": "DC BLOX", "endUsers": [], "summary": "DC BLOX, based in Atlanta, plans a data center at 648 Grassmere Park, a 23-acre office park next to the Nashville Zoo that was previously used as a data center by tenant Asurion. The company cut its plan from two buildings (50 MW total) to one 69,200 sq ft, 10 MW building. In July 2026 Metro Council adopted data center rules and a moratorium on permits, and in August it authorized acquiring the property by eminent domain. DC BLOX says it remains committed to the site and sued Metro in federal court.", "facts": [ { "field": "capacity_mw", "value": 10, "unit": "MW", "note": "current single-building plan; earlier two-building plan was 50 MW; Inc. reports expansion potential to 100 MW by 2034", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 69200, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "single-story; earlier plan added a second building (202,000 sq ft per WSMV, 261,000 sq ft per NewsChannel 5)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 1, "note": "reduced from 2", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 23, "unit": "acres", "note": "over 23 acres", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 380000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "reduced from $1.9 billion for the two-building plan", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop water recirculation (per DC BLOX)", "source": "s9" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "648 and 650 Grassmere Park Drive, Nashville (Parcel Number 13300013500), approximately 23.49 acres", "source": "s12", "quote": "The Property consists of approximately 23.49 acres at 648 and 650 Grassmere Park Drive in Nashville (Parcel Number 13300013500)." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "IWD (Industrial Warehousing/Distribution)", "note": "as stated in DC BLOX's complaint, before the 2026 data center zoning changes", "source": "s12", "quote": "The subject property is and was zoned IWD (Industrial Warehousing/Distribution) at all times material before the 2026 data-center zoning changes." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Permit documents show two buildings (10 MW and 40 MW) plus generator yards and substation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "DC BLOX closes on the property for $23 million", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "event": "Metro Council approves data center regulations and a moratorium on new permits through Dec. 1, 2026", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Nashville Zoo board unanimously rejects DC BLOX's proposed MOU for a smaller facility", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-28", "event": "Metro Zoning Administrator issues a written determination that DC BLOX's building-permit applications had vested", "source": "s12" }, { "date": "2026-08-04", "event": "Metro Council authorizes eminent domain acquisition of the site, 27-5", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "event": "DC BLOX sues Metro in U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee over the moratorium", "source": "s11" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "DCB Nashville, LLC v. The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, No. 3:26-cv-01143", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee", "filed": "2026-08-11", "status": "pending", "summary": "The DC BLOX entity alleges Metro's data center moratorium and related ordinances violate due process, equal protection and vested property rights and constitute a regulatory taking, seeking declaratory and injunctive relief and damages.", "source": "s12", "quote": "DCB NASHVILLE, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Plaintiff, v. THE METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY, Defendant." } ], "issues": [ "The zoo and residents say a data center so close to animals, schools, and homes has not been proven safe (s5)", "Neighbors raised noise concerns; DC BLOX commits to 65 dB(A) at the property line (s1, s9)", "A petition against the project gathered nearly 600,000 signatures (s8)", "DC BLOX alleges the moratorium targets it in violation of due process and equal protection (s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center proposal near Nashville Zoo includes second building three times larger than first", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/06/09/data-center-proposal-near-nashville-zoo-includes-second-building-three-times-larger-than-first/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data center rules, rejected MOU: What you need to know about the Nashville Zoo and a data center project", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/state/tennessee/davidson-county/what-nashvilles-new-data-center-rules-could-mean-for-the-proposed-zoo-area-project", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "DC Blox still 'working through the size and scope of the project' near Nashville Zoo", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/state/tennessee/davidson-county/dc-blox-still-working-through-the-size-and-scope-of-the-project-near-nashville-zoo", "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Nashville Zoo rejects DC Blox proposal for smaller data center next to zoo. Here's what we know", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/07/23/nashville-zoo-rejects-dc-blox-proposal-smaller-data-center-next-zoo-heres-what-we-know/", "date": "2026-07-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Metro Council approves eminent domain to acquire land near Nashville Zoo from data center company", "publisher": "NewsChannel 5", "url": "https://www.newschannel5.com/news/metro-council-approves-eminent-domain-to-acquire-land-near-nashville-zoo-from-data-center-company", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "DC Blox sues Metro over Nashville Zoo-area data center moratorium. Here's what we know", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/08/12/dc-blox-sues-metro-over-nashville-zoo-area-data-center-moratorium-heres-what-we-know/", "date": "2026-08-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "A Fight Over a Data Center Next to the Nashville Zoo Just Moved to Federal Court", "publisher": "Inc.", "url": "https://www.inc.com/jamie-mcgee/nashville-zoo-data-center/91390768", "date": "2026-08-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Nashville Data Center Project", "publisher": "DC BLOX", "url": "https://www.dcblox.com/nashville-data-center/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Nashville Zoo data center: What comes next after Metro Council's vote for eminent domain", "publisher": "WSMV", "url": "https://www.wsmv.com/2026/08/05/nashville-zoo-data-center-what-comes-next-after-metro-councils-vote-eminent-domain/", "date": "2026-08-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s11", "title": "DC Blox sues over Metro's data center moratorium", "publisher": "Axios Nashville", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/nashville/2026/08/11/dc-blox-sues-over-metros-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2026-08-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s12", "title": "Complaint, DCB Nashville, LLC v. The Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, No. 3:26-cv-01143 (M.D. Tenn.)", "publisher": "U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (via WKRN)", "url": "https://www.wkrn.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/73/2026/08/DC-Blox-v-Metro-Nashville.pdf?ipid=promo-link2", "type": "court", "date": "2026-08-11" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-butts-county-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-butts-county-ga", "name": "Amazon Web Services Butts County data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Lighthouse" ], "city": "Jackson", "county": "Butts County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.2946, "lng": -83.966, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Local PILOT agreement amended November 2025; payments begin 2027", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans about 12 data centers, known locally as Project Lighthouse, at River Park Industrial Park off Georgia Highway 16 near I-75 in southwest Butts County. The campus is part of an $11 billion AWS investment in Butts and Douglas counties announced in January 2025. Property is titled to the county development authority, with Amazon making payments in lieu of taxes starting in 2027.", "facts": [ { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "approximately 12 data centers planned", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "at least $11 billion combined for Butts and Douglas counties", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 550, "note": "at least 550 combined for Butts and Douglas counties", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Property titled to Development Authority of Butts County with payments in lieu of taxes beginning 2027 (county share $16.5 million in 2027)", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Amended PILOT split: county 59.25%, school system 39.25%, Development Authority 1.5% of gross PILOT payments", "source": "s4", "quote": "the county will now receive 59.25% of the gross PILOT payments while the school system receives 39.25% and the IDA receives the remaining 1.5%." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01-07", "event": "AWS announces at least $11 billion investment in Butts and Douglas counties", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Intergovernmental PILOT agreement amended after approval by county commission, school board and development authority; water/sewer funding moved to a separate agreement with the Butts County Water and Sewer Authority", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2027", "event": "PILOT payments to county, schools and development authority scheduled to begin", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS plans to invest at least $11 billion in Georgia to expand infrastructure to support AI and cloud technologies", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-investment-georgia-ai-cloud-infrastructure", "date": "2025-01-07", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon plans $11 billion data center expansion in Georgia", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/news/amazon-plans-11-billion-data-center-expansion-in-georgia/4L34LL7RM5DTPBX67KUD5PCJUI/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon Announces $11 Billion Dollar Investment in Butts, Douglas Counties", "publisher": "Henry Herald", "url": "https://henryga.news/2025/01/07/amazon-announces-11-billion-dollar-investment-in-butts-douglas-counties/", "date": "2025-01-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon's future contributions to local entities adjusted", "publisher": "Jackson Progress-Argus", "url": "https://www.jacksonprogress-argus.com/news/amazon-s-future-contributions-to-local-entities-adjusted/article_517a4ab7-03a7-4297-847f-5a0d11d438ba.html", "date": "2025-11-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "AWS reveals $11bn data center investment plan for Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-reveals-11bn-data-center-investment-plan-for-georgia/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-canton-madison-county-ms", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-canton-madison-county-ms", "name": "Amazon Web Services Madison County Mega Site campus", "aka": [ "Project Atlas", "AWS Canton" ], "city": "Canton", "county": "Madison County", "state": "MS", "lat": 32.6126, "lng": -90.0368, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Five of an expected 15–17 buildings operating as of spring 2026; expansion announced April 2026", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services operates a data center campus on the 927-acre Madison County Mega Site in Canton, one of two AWS campuses in Madison County (the other is in Ridgeland) announced in 2024 as a $10 billion investment. Five buildings were operating in 2026, and Amazon says it plans at least to double its presence there. In April 2026 the governor announced an additional $11 billion AWS expansion in Madison County.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 927, "unit": "acres", "note": "Mega Site in Canton; the Ridgeland campus is a separate 786 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "note": "operating as of April 2026, of an expected 15–17", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "original 2024 commitment covering both Madison County campuses (Canton and Ridgeland)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "Madison County expansion announced April 2026", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "2024 commitment across the Madison County campuses; 700 more announced with the 2026 expansion", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 6000, "note": "6,000–7,000 construction workers, per 2024 reporting", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "State package: 10-year 100% corporate income tax exemption, sales/use tax exemptions on construction and equipment, 3.15% construction rebate; incentives expire in 2057", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Mississippi", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Canton Municipal Utilities now; switching to treated municipal wastewater (Veolia facility) for cooling", "note": "about 83 million gallons of treated wastewater per year", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Wastewater reuse facility expected to begin operating in 2027", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Over 300 diesel generators at Canton (more than 700 across both Madison County campuses)", "note": "Amazon has asked MDEQ to approve more than 100 additional generators across its two sites", "source": "s7", "quote": "Amazon's two Madison County campuses will house more than 700 diesel generators, over 300 of which will be located in Canton." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "MDEQ permits issued for backup diesel generators, allowing up to 100 hours a year of maintenance and readiness testing", "source": "s7", "quote": "Under the permits issued by MDEQ, Amazon can operate its backup generators in Madison County for up to 100 hours a year for maintenance checks and readiness testing." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Fee-in-lieu agreement: discounted fees of one third of normal property taxes for the first 10 years of each data center's operations over a 30-year term", "source": "s8", "quote": "a deal for the company to pay discounted fees — a third of what they'd typically owe in property taxes — for the first 10 years of each data centers' operations over a 30-year term." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "unit": "years", "note": "discounted fee period for each data center, within a 30-year term", "source": "s8", "quote": "a third of what they'd typically owe in property taxes — for the first 10 years of each data centers' operations over a 30-year term." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-01", "event": "AWS confirmed as company behind $10 billion 'Project Atlas' in Madison County; Legislature passes incentive package", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-09", "event": "Site work and building pad construction under way at the Madison County campuses", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-09", "event": "Gov. Tate Reeves announces $11 billion AWS expansion in Madison County, part of $25 billion statewide", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "Five buildings reported operating at the Mega Site; Veolia wastewater partnership for cooling described", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "event": "Amazon says it plans to at least double its presence at the Canton campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Madison County Board of Supervisors upholds the tax assessor's valuation of five Canton data center buildings, rejecting Amazon's appeal", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Amazon is paying to expand Canton Municipal Utilities water capacity by 39% and the Beatties Bluff wastewater plant by 50% (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS confirmed to be behind $10bn Mississippi data center development", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-confirmed-as-company-behind-10bn-mississippi-data-center-development/", "date": "2024-01-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Construction industry steps up for Mississippi's grandest project: AWS", "publisher": "Magnolia Tribune", "url": "https://magnoliatribune.com/2024/09/08/construction-industry-steps-up-for-mississippis-grandest-project-aws/", "date": "2024-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon continues Mississippi expansion, announcing plans to invest a total of $25 billion across the Magnolia State", "publisher": "Office of Governor Tate Reeves", "url": "https://governorreeves.ms.gov/amazon-continues-mississippi-expansion-announcing-plans-to-invest-a-total-of-25-billion-across-the-magnolia-state/", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Where do Amazon's data centers in Mississippi stand?", "publisher": "Mississippi Today", "url": "https://mississippitoday.org/2026/06/09/amazon-data-centers-mississippi/", "date": "2026-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Here's how the water you flush could impact AWS in Madison", "publisher": "WLBT", "url": "https://www.wlbt.com/2026/04/30/how-water-you-flush-could-impact-aws-madison/", "date": "2026-04-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon announces additional $12 billion for data centers in central Mississippi", "publisher": "Mississippi Public Broadcasting", "url": "https://www.mpbonline.org/blogs/news/amazon-announces-additional-12-billion-for-data-centers-in-central-mississippi/", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Amazon's Canton AI Data Center Brings Dust, Noise and Pollution Fears for Neighbors", "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press", "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/amazons-canton-data-center-promises-prosperity-for-neighbors-its-bringing-dust-noise-and-pollution-fears/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-02-13" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Canton and Madison County schools anticipate millions of dollars from Amazon data center fees", "publisher": "Mississippi Today (via DeSoto County News)", "url": "https://desotocountynews.com/mississippi-news/canton-and-madison-county-schools-anticipate-millions-of-dollars-from-amazon-data-center-fees", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-25" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Madison County Denies Amazon's Valuation Appeal for Canton Data Centers, Preserving Millions in Tax Revenue", "publisher": "Mississippi Free Press", "url": "https://www.mississippifreepress.org/madison-county-denies-amazons-valuation-appeal-for-canton-data-centers-preserving-millions-in-tax-revenue/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-19" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-richmond-county-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-richmond-county-nc", "name": "Amazon Web Services Richmond County data center campus", "aka": [ "Project Blue Marlin", "Energy Way" ], "city": "Hamlet", "county": "Richmond County", "state": "NC", "lat": 34.8849, "lng": -79.6945, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Buildings under construction as of August 2026; draft air permits for backup generators were under state review", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services is building a $10 billion data center campus at the county's Energy Way industrial site near Hamlet, next to Duke Energy's Sherwood H. Smith Jr. energy complex. The 646-acre site was sold by Richmond County for $26 million, and county commissioners approved 20-year property tax grants in June 2025. Construction began in fall 2025; local reporting says the first building is expected to open in 2027, with more planned through 2029.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 10000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "planned investment", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 646, "unit": "acres", "note": "forest and former chicken farm sold by the county for $26 million", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 21, "note": "each 200,000 sq ft, per NC Newsline; DCD reported up to 20 buildings in 2025", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "at full build-out; county agreement requires $1 billion investment and 50 full-time jobs by 2030", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County grants of up to 50% of annual real property taxes and 65% of personal property (machinery and equipment) taxes for 20 years", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Richmond County water system (municipal)", "note": "Amazon says it will cool with outside air about 93% of the year and pay for water/wastewater extensions", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "outside air most of the year, with water-based cooling in peak summer", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First data center projected to open in 2027; more facilities through 2029", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Energy Way Tech Campus, Airport Road, Hamlet", "source": "s7", "quote": "Energy Way Tech Campus data center on Airport Road in Hamlet" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03-19", "event": "County drafts confidential purchase agreement with 'Project Blue Marlin' for the site", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "County commissioners vote to sell county parcels for $26 million and rezone land to heavy industrial", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2025-06-03", "event": "Richmond County commissioners approve property tax incentive grants", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-06-04", "event": "Gov. Josh Stein announces the $10 billion Amazon investment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Amazon breaks ground on the campus", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "event": "NC DEQ holds joint public hearing on the Amazon and Duke Energy air quality permits in Rockingham", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "State regulators reviewing draft air permits for backup diesel generators after public hearings", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-28", "event": "NC DEQ announces final air quality permits for Amazon's 588 emergency engines and Duke Energy's 57 bridge power engines", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-11", "event": "Amazon expected to begin hiring for data center jobs", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearby residents say they were not told about the project before county decisions were made (s3)", "Air permit applications cover 592 backup diesel generators for Amazon plus 57 for Duke Energy; residents and environmental groups raised emissions and environmental justice concerns (s3, s6)", "Energy and water terms of the deal were kept confidential (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS Comes to Richmond County", "publisher": "Richmond County Economic Development", "url": "https://richmondnced.com/aws/", "date": "2026-09-04", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon to invest $10 billion into AI data centers in North Carolina", "publisher": "Axios Raleigh", "url": "https://www.axios.com/local/raleigh/2025/06/04/amazon-ai-data-centers-in-north-carolina-richmond-county", "date": "2025-06-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Inside the secretive deal for a $10 billion data center in rural North Carolina", "publisher": "NC Newsline", "url": "https://ncnewsline.com/2026/08/06/inside-the-secretive-deal-for-a-10-billion-data-center-in-rural-north-carolina/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon breaks ground on $10bn data center complex in Richmond County, North Carolina", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-breaks-ground-on-10bn-data-center-complex-in-richmond-county-north-carolina/", "date": "2025-10-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Why one North Carolina county said yes to Amazon's $10 billion data center", "publisher": "WRAL", "url": "https://www.wral.com/news/local/why-one-north-carolina-county-said-yes-to-amazon-10-billion-dollar-data-center-july-2026/", "date": "2026-07-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Inside the Secretive Deal for a $10 Billion Data Center in Rural North Carolina", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04082026/north-carolina-amazon-data-center-secret-deal/", "date": "2026-08-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "NCDEQ's Division of Air Quality requires additional monitoring, testing in final air quality permits for Amazon data center and Duke Energy projects", "publisher": "NC Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/08/28/ncdeqs-division-air-quality-requires-additional-monitoring-testing-final-air-quality-permits-amazon", "type": "government", "date": "2026-08-28" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "DEQ announces joint public hearing on Amazon data center and Duke Energy air quality permits in Richmond County", "publisher": "NC Department of Environmental Quality", "url": "https://www.deq.nc.gov/news/press-releases/2026/06/26/deq-announces-joint-public-hearing-amazon-data-center-and-duke-energy-air-quality-permits-richmond", "type": "government", "date": "2026-06-26" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "avemore-villa-rica-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/avemore-villa-rica-ga", "name": "Avemore Data Park", "aka": [ "Project Avemore", "Villa Rica data center", "Atlas Development technology and data park" ], "city": "Villa Rica", "county": "Carroll County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.732, "lng": -84.919, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Villa Rica approved annexation and rezoning in May 2025; residents' court petition challenging it was reported as filed. No Amazon involvement found in any source reviewed.", "developer": "Atlas Development", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Atlas Development has proposed a 428-acre technology and data park in Villa Rica, on land annexed out of unincorporated Carroll County along Hwy 61, Hickory Level Road and South Van Wert Road, with up to seven buildings and a reported $5–7 billion investment. The City of Villa Rica approved the annexation and rezoning in May 2025, and more than 30 Carroll County residents went to Superior Court to challenge it. Carroll County has since adopted and extended a moratorium on data centers in unincorporated areas, which does not apply inside city limits. The end user has not been named.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 428, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 7, "note": "up to seven buildings planned", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2450000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "DCD figure: seven buildings of about 350,000 sq ft each, per rezoning request", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "DCD reports $5–7 billion (low end shown); petition organizers cite $4–7 billion", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "First phase set to launch in 2028", "source": "s1" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-01", "event": "Villa Rica City Council approves a technology park overlay district, 4-1", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Atlas Development files a Development of Regional Impact for the 428-acre technology and data park", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Villa Rica approves annexation and rezoning for the data center (reported May 14, 2025)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-03-03", "event": "Carroll County Board of Commissioners approves a 100-day moratorium on data center permits in unincorporated areas, 7-0", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "Carroll County commissioners extend the moratorium another 100 days, 7-0", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about environmental impact, water use, land disruption and power use (s3)", "Residents' court petition challenges the annexation of the land out of Carroll County and the rezoning, saying the project would harm their land and quality of life (s5)", "At the rezoning hearing, opponents questioned the lack of site plans, the timing of property notices and a conservation easement with the Georgia Agricultural Land Trust (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Atlas files for 428-acre technology and data park outside Atlanta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/atlas-files-for-428-acre-technology-and-data-park-outside-atlanta-georgia/", "date": "2025-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Villa Rica approves rezoning, annexation for data center", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/villa-rica-approves-rezoning-annexation-for-data-center/article_a47cd191-69d1-5843-94e2-255021617364.html", "date": "2025-05-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data centers still stoking local anxiety", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/data-centers-still-stoking-local-anxiety/article_9ba950f8-e04a-5a04-b6de-8075fbee8639.html", "date": "2026-04-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center moratorium extended", "publisher": "Times-Georgian", "url": "https://www.times-georgian.com/news/local/data-center-moratorium-extended/article_a7d31b38-3e6a-59d0-8da4-6ac3a17a167c.html", "date": "2026-06-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Carroll County Residents File Petition vs. Developer & City of Villa Rica; Hope To Stop Development Of Reported 400-acre Data Center between Hickory Level & Van Wert Road", "publisher": "Gradick Communications", "url": "https://gradickcommunications.com/carroll-county-residents-file-petition-vs-developer-city-of-villa-rica-hope-to-stop-development-of-reported-400-acre-data-center-between-hickory-level-van-wert-road/", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-jefferson-township-fayette-county-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-jefferson-township-fayette-county-oh", "name": "AWS Fayette County Data Center Campus", "aka": [], "city": "Jeffersonville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "OH", "lat": 39.6522, "lng": -83.555, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Fayette County Commissioners approved a Community Reinvestment Area agreement with AWS", "developer": "Amazon Web Services (Amazon Data Services, Inc.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon Web Services plans data centers in Jefferson Township, Fayette County, where Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres for just over $102 million. AWS has said it plans to invest an estimated $5 billion in Fayette County by 2030, and Fayette County Commissioners approved a Community Reinvestment Area agreement providing a 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures on the project site.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 589.843, "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township for just over $102 million last month." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 5000000000, "note": "estimated, by 2030 (AWS-stated)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Fayette County is the first site outside of Central Ohio where AWS plans to establish new data centers, investing an estimated $5 billion by 2030." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "note": "'more than a hundred jobs' by 2030", "source": "s6", "quote": "AWS is expected to generate more than a hundred jobs in Fayette County by 2030." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "up to", "source": "s5", "quote": "The project is expected to generate up to 1,500 construction jobs for union workers in the area." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Community Reinvestment Area agreement: 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures", "source": "s5", "quote": "This agreement provides a 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures on the project site." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 30, "source": "s5", "quote": "This agreement provides a 30-year, 100 percent tax exemption for new structures on the project site." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Ohio", "note": "per Office of the Ohio Consumers' Counsel filing on network upgrade agreement", "source": "s1", "quote": "While AES Ohio represents that the agreement is protective of other AES consumers, it notes that it intends to seek rolled-in rate treatment for the costs of the network upgrades in subsequent proceedings before the appropriate state and/or federal regulatory agencies" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Grid; transmission infrastructure for first phase to exceed $22 million (per OCC filing)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Electricity transmission infrastructure to serve the first phase of the data center would exceed $22 million in cost, the OCC filing says." }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operations could start in September 2026 (per OCC filing, 2024)", "source": "s1", "quote": "The OCC filing said the data center would be located at the Midwest Mega Commerce Center in Fayette County's Jefferson Township and that operations could start in September 2026." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Along Interstate 71 between State Route 729 and U.S. 35", "source": "s4", "quote": "along Interstate 71 between State Route 729 and U.S. 35" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-11-22", "event": "AWS confirms it filed documents while exploring the Midwest Mega Commerce Center site in Jefferson Township", "source": "s1", "quote": "recently filed documents as part of the process in exploring possible data center locations" }, { "date": "2024-12", "event": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchases 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township for just over $102 million", "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon Data Services, Inc. purchased 589.843 acres in Jefferson Township for just over $102 million last month." }, { "date": "2025-01-10", "event": "AWS selects Jefferson Township as its first data center location outside the Columbus region, with a $5 billion commitment through 2030", "source": "s2", "quote": "AWS has selected Jefferson Township in Fayette County as its first data center location outside of the Columbus region" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "A Paint Township resident asked county commissioners to enact a one-year moratorium on data center development in Paint Township (s7)", "Fayette County commissioners postponed discussion of a potential one-year moratorium on data center-related zoning applications in unincorporated areas (s8)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "AWS weighing up data center project in Fayette County, Ohio", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aws-weighing-up-data-center-project-in-fayette-county-ohio/", "date": "2024-11-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Fayette County lands $5 billion AWS investment for new data centers", "publisher": "Ohio Tech News", "url": "https://www.ohiotechnews.com/fayette-county-lands-5-billion-aws-investment-for-new-data-centers/", "date": "2025-01-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon acquires 590 acres in Jefferson Township, Ohio, for $102m", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/amazon-acquires-590-acres-in-jefferson-township-ohio-for-102-million/", "date": "2025-01-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Amazon purchases nearly 600 acres in Fayette County for new data center", "publisher": "WCMH NBC4 (via Yahoo Finance)", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/amazon-purchases-nearly-600-acres-170000170.html", "date": "2025-01-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Amazon Web Services to build new datacenter campus in Fayette County", "publisher": "Columbus/Central Ohio Building & Construction Trades Council", "url": "https://columbusconstruction.org/amazon-web-services-to-build-new-datacenter-campus-in-fayette-county/", "date": "2025-01-30", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Amazon Web Services confirms Fayette County plans", "publisher": "Dayton Daily News", "url": "https://www.daytondailynews.com/local/new-details-amazon-web-services-confirms-fayette-county-plans/2B776N3FQVCLRGFTE45KZR7WGU/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Fayette Co. commissioners field annexation petitions amid data center pushback", "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian", "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/08/27/fayette-co-commissioners-field-annexation-petitions-amid-data-center-pushback/", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayette Co. commissioners to vote on 61-acre Jeffersonville annexation", "publisher": "Scioto Valley Guardian", "url": "https://sciotovalleyguardian.com/2026/09/12/fayette-co-commissioners-to-vote-on-61-acre-jeffersonville-annexation/", "date": "2026-09-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "balico-pittsylvania-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/balico-pittsylvania-county-va", "name": "Balico data center campus and gas plant", "aka": [ "Balico Pittsylvania" ], "city": "Chatham", "county": "Pittsylvania County", "state": "VA", "lat": 36.8257, "lng": -79.3978, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Board of Supervisors denied rezoning 6-1 on 2025-04-15 after refusing the developer's request to withdraw; reapplication barred for one year", "developer": "Balico LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Herndon-based Balico proposed a data center campus paired with a 3,500 MW natural gas power plant in the Chalk Level area near Chatham, Pittsylvania County. The original 2,200-acre plan was withdrawn in November 2024 and resubmitted at about 750 acres with 12 data center buildings. The Planning Commission unanimously recommended denial in January 2025, and the Board of Supervisors denied the rezoning 6-1 in April 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 750, "unit": "acres", "note": "revised rezoning request; original proposal about 2,200 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "two-story spec buildings of 396,000 sq ft each in revised plan; original plan described 84 buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "On-site 3,500 MW natural gas power plant owned/operated by Balico, supplied via Mountain Valley Pipeline", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 8850000000, "note": "data center campus; separately $360 million for mobile turbines", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 390, "note": "150 at power station and 240 at data centers, per developer", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 2000000, "note": "per Virginia Business; WVTF reported at least 6 million gallons daily", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "phase1_mw", "value": 300, "note": "initial phase in revised November 2024 plan", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors denied rezoning Case R-25-001, 6-1, on April 15, 2025 (Supervisor Timothy W. Dudley voted no)", "source": "s7", "quote": "Motion to deny Balico, LLC's rezoning application based upon the proposed layout of the project, the height and profile of the structures of the proposed project, the expected emissions, the limited benefit of jobs for the County, and the lack of clarity in the proffers and plans presented. RESULT: 6-1 (Deny)" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Requested rezoning from R-1 (Residential Suburban Subdivision) and A-1 (Agricultural) to M-2 (Heavy Industry) for a natural gas power plant and data centers; denied", "source": "s7", "quote": "The applicant is requesting to rezone fourteen (14) parcels, totaling 763.16 acres, from R-1, Residential Suburban Subdivision District, and A-1, Agricultural District, to M-2, Industrial District, Heavy Industry, to allow for a Private Utility (Natural Gas Power Plant) and Data Centers." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Case R-25-001: fourteen parcels, GPIN #s 2426-88-4949, 2426-98-9726, 2426-38-9947, 2426-56-2605, 2426-56-8488, 2426-58-2580, 2426-68-2591, 2427-50-0255, 2436-38-3349, 2436-18-9886, 2436-09-5712, 2436-67-3437, 2426-69-3980, 2436-75-1295 (Banister Election District)", "note": "minutes give 763.16 acres for the revised request", "source": "s7", "quote": "in the Banister Election District and shown on the Tax Maps as GPIN #s 2426-88-4949, 2426-98-9726, 2426-38-9947, 2426-56-2605, 2426-56-8488, 2426-58-2580, 2426-68-2591, 2427-50-0255, 2436-38-3349, 2436-18-9886, 2436-09-5712, 2436-67-3437, 2426-69-3980, and 2436-75-1295." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Balico files original rezoning application", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Original 2,200-acre application withdrawn; scaled-back plan to be resubmitted", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "event": "Planning Commission unanimously recommends denial after five-hour hearing", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "event": "Balico announces it is withdrawing its application and exploring a residential subdivision instead", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-04-15", "event": "Board chairman denies withdrawal request; Board of Supervisors votes 6-1 to deny rezoning", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, traffic, and loss of rural character (s1)", "A Harvard/SELC health report projected at least 326.53 tons of PM2.5 emissions per year from the plant (s2, s5)", "Chatham's mayor said town officials were not consulted beforehand; the Planning Commission cited a lack of transparency (s1)", "Balico said the project could generate up to $120 million a year in tax revenue; supervisors cited limited benefit (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Proposed $8.8B+ Pittsylvania data center campus hits roadblock", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/proposed-8-8b-pittsylvania-data-center-campus-hits-roadblock/", "date": "2025-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Balico withdraws application to build data centers in Pittsylvania County", "publisher": "WVTF / Radio IQ", "url": "https://www.wvtf.org/news/2025-04-14/balico-withdraws-application-to-build-data-centers-in-pittsylvania-county", "date": "2025-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Revised gas-powered 300MW data center campus in the works for Pittsylvania County, Virginia", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/revised-gas-powered-300mw-data-center-campus-in-the-works-for-pittsylvania-county-virginia/", "date": "2024-11-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Pittsylvania rejects data center project that has dominated county conversation for 6 months", "publisher": "Cardinal News", "url": "https://cardinalnews.org/2025/04/16/pittsylvania-rejects-data-center-project-that-has-dominated-county-conversation-for-6-months/", "date": "2025-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data Center and Gas Plant DENIED in Pittsylvania County", "publisher": "Virginia Conservation Network", "url": "https://vcnva.org/denying-balico-data-center-and-gas-plant/", "date": "2025-05-01", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Pittsylvania County denies Balico's request to withdraw rezoning application", "publisher": "WDBJ7", "url": "https://www.wdbj7.com/2025/04/15/pittsylvania-county-denies-balicos-request-withdraw-rezoning-application/", "date": "2025-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Pittsylvania County Board of Supervisors' Business Meeting, April 15, 2025 (minutes)", "publisher": "Pittsylvania County", "url": "https://weblink.pittgov.net/WebLink/edoc/535417/04-15-2025%20Business%20Meeting%20-%20FINAL.pdf?dbid=0&repo=PittGovDocs", "type": "government", "date": "2025-04-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "compass-red-oak-second-campus-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/compass-red-oak-second-campus-tx", "name": "Compass Datacenters Red Oak second campus", "aka": [], "city": "Red Oak", "county": "Ellis County", "state": "TX", "lat": 32.5176, "lng": -96.8045, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Red Oak City Council approved rezoning and a tax abatement 4-1 in May 2026 despite a planning board recommendation against it", "developer": "Compass Datacenters", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Compass Datacenters has proposed a second Red Oak campus on nearly 830 acres of agricultural land. Council members voted 4-1 to rezone the land to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park' and 4-1 to grant a tax abatement, after the planning and zoning board voted 3-2 on April 27 not to recommend the rezoning. Residents raised concerns about noise, strain on the power grid and the site's proximity to schools.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 830, "unit": "acres", "note": "nearly 830 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members voted 4-1 for rezoning nearly 830 acres from agricultural district to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park.'" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "$2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade", "source": "s3", "quote": "The council approved a $2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade" }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 2820000, "source": "s3", "quote": "The council approved a $2.82 million tax abatement over the next decade" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "note": "city manager said the system would require 10 million gallons of water annually", "source": "s1", "quote": "City Manager Todd Fuller explained the center will use a closed-loop cooling system, which would require 10-million gallons of water annually." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Not city water for cooling (per city leaders)", "source": "s2", "quote": "it would not draw on city water for cooling the center" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from agricultural district to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park'", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members voted 4-1 for rezoning nearly 830 acres from agricultural district to planned development for a 'high tech industrial park.'" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Red Oak City Council approved rezoning 4-1 (Franklin, Flannery, Miller, Lightfoot for; Smith against) and a tax abatement 4-1", "source": "s1", "quote": "Council members Mayor Pro Tem Willie Franklin Jr., Sean Flannery, Ricardo Miller and Tim Lightfoot voted in favor of the rezoning, and Jeffery Smith voted against it." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-04-27", "event": "Planning and zoning board votes 3-2 not to recommend the rezoning", "source": "s1", "quote": "Monday's vote comes just two weeks after the city's planning and zoning board voted 3-2 to not recommend the rezoning on April 27." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "City Council approves rezoning of 830 acres around midnight after a packed meeting", "source": "s2", "quote": "It was around midnight when the council voted, approving the rezoning for 830 acres." }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "City Council votes 4-1 to approve a tax abatement for the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "voted 4-1 in favor of a tax abatement for the data center project" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about noise, potential strain on the power grid and proximity to schools (s2)", "Residents cited noise, pollution and declining property values (s4)", "The developer says the project will result in $72 million in electric grid reinforcements (s3)", "It will be the sixth data center campus in Red Oak (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Red Oak rezones land for data center campus despite protests", "publisher": "Ellis County Press", "url": "https://www.elliscountypress.com/news/red-oak-rezones-land-data-center-campus-despite-protests", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Red Oak approves 800-acre data center project despite resident protests", "publisher": "FOX 4 Dallas-Fort Worth", "url": "https://www.fox4news.com/news/red-oak-data-center-city-council-protest", "date": "2026-05-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "New Red Oak Data Center Project Meets Community Pushback", "publisher": "Dallas Observer", "url": "https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/red-oak-data-center-meets-community-resistance-40674118/", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Red Oak City Council approves another data center in North Texas amid backlash from community", "publisher": "CBS News Texas", "url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/texas/news/red-oak-community-fight-against-another-data-center-getting-approved-north-texas/", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Oppose? Expand? Votes in 2 North Texas communities highlight a divide over data center growth", "publisher": "KERA News", "url": "https://www.keranews.org/energy-environment/2026-05-12/oppose-expand-votes-in-2-north-texas-communities-highlight-a-divide-over-data-center-growth", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Red Oak residents pack city council meeting to protest proposed data center", "publisher": "NewsRadio 1080 KRLD", "url": "https://www.audacy.com/krld/news/local/red-oak-residents-pack-city-council-meeting-to-protest-proposed-data-center", "date": "2026-05-12", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-falls-township-bucks-county-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-falls-township-bucks-county-pa", "name": "Falls Township Innovation Campus", "aka": [ "Amazon Keystone Trade Center data center" ], "city": "Falls Township", "county": "Bucks County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.1795, "lng": -74.8552, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Under construction; application for 280 gas-fired backup generator engines pending at DEP after August 2026 executive order removed data centers from fast-track permitting", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon is building a data center campus on about 250 acres within the Keystone Trade Center in Falls Township. Amazon plans 2 million square feet of data center space across 10 buildings. It has approval for 72 diesel emergency engines and has applied for 280 natural gas-fired backup generator engines. Nearly 5,000 people have signed a petition calling for a moratorium on data centers in the township.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 250, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "approximately 250 acres within the Keystone Trade Center" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon plans 2 million square feet of data center space across 10 buildings for cloud computing and AI." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon plans 2 million square feet of data center space across 10 buildings for cloud computing and AI." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "source": "s1", "quote": "at least $20 billion" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Water-based cooling less than 2% of the year", "source": "s1", "quote": "only use water-based cooling for less than 2% of the year" }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "72 diesel-fired emergency engines approved; 280 natural gas-fired backup generator engines (4,287 hp each) applied for", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon has also applied to install 280 natural gas-fired 'critical backup generator engines' at 4,287 horsepower each." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "Five air and water discharge permits approved, including 72 diesel-fired emergency engines; separate application for 280 gas-fired engines drew 1,236 comments to DEP", "source": "s2", "quote": "Amazon has been approved for five environmental air and water discharge permits. That includes approval last year for 72 diesel-fired emergency engines." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Falls Township approved the project in March 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "The amendment would have no impact on Amazon’s data center, which the township approved in March 2025." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Construction starts (summer 2025, per Amazon)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Summer 2025: Construction Starts" }, { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Falls Township approves the project", "source": "s2", "quote": "The township approved in March 2025 before the public announcement with the governor" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Amazon announces its intent to build a data center in Falls Township as part of a $20 billion Pennsylvania investment", "source": "s3", "quote": "Amazon on Monday announced its intent to construct a data center in Falls Township" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Governor's executive order removes data centers, including Amazon's, from the state fast-track permitting program", "source": "s2", "quote": "The order removes all data center developments, including those by Amazon, from the fast-track permitting program." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Nearly 5,000 people have signed a petition calling for a data center moratorium in the township (s2)", "The Board of Supervisors declared part of the zoning ordinance used for data centers 'substantively invalid'; the rewrite will not affect the approved Amazon project (s2, s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Falls Township Innovation Campus - Amazon Innovation Campuses in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.amazoninnovationinpa.com/falls-township-innovation-campus/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Could a Bucks County Amazon data center be affected by Gov. Shapiro's order?", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/amazon-data-center-bucks-county-permit-20260820.html", "date": "2026-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon to Open Data Center at NorthPoint Development in Falls", "publisher": "Falls Township", "url": "https://www.fallstwp.com/resources/news/article/?id=10070", "date": "2025-06-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Falls Township Rewrites Zoning Rules After Amazon Data Center Backlash", "publisher": "BucksCo.Today", "url": "https://bucksco.today/2026/08/falls-township-zoning-rewrite-amazon-data-center/", "date": "2026-08-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "With Data Center Being Built In Falls Twp., Governor Calls For Standards Amid Growth", "publisher": "LevittownNow.com", "url": "https://levittownnow.com/2026/02/04/with-data-center-being-built-in-falls-twp-governor-calls-for-standards-amid-growth/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "google-franklin-township-indianapolis-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-franklin-township-indianapolis-in", "name": "Google Franklin Township data center", "aka": [ "Project Flo" ], "city": "Indianapolis", "county": "Marion County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.6939, "lng": -86.0472, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Google withdrew rezoning petition at City-County Council meeting on 2025-09-22", "developer": "Google (Deep Meadow Ventures)", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "Google, through Deep Meadow Ventures, sought to rezone 468 acres of farmland in Franklin Township on the southeast side of Indianapolis, near I-74 and Post Road, for a four-building data center campus. The Metropolitan Development Commission approved the rezoning 8-1 in August 2025, but Google withdrew the petition at the City-County Council meeting on September 22, 2025, after sustained resident opposition.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 468, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 50, "note": "approximately", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "10-year property tax cuts recommended by city staff", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Petition 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814 to rezone 467.66 acres from D-A, C-4 and SU-43 (FF)(FW) to C-S (FF)(FW), with a variance for 75-foot building height", "source": "s6", "quote": "from the D-A (FF) (FW), C-4 (FF) (FW), and SU-43 (FF) (FW) districts to the C-S (FF) (FW) district" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Multiple parcels on South Post Road, East Troy Avenue, Davis Road and Vandergriff Road, Franklin Township (Council District #20)", "note": "petition 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814 by Deep Meadow Ventures, LLC", "source": "s6", "quote": "2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "'at least $1 billion'", "source": "s7", "quote": "The withdrawal is a massive blow to the Silicon Valley tech company that was prepared to spend at least $1 billion in Marion County" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Rezoning proposal submitted", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Google confirmed as project backer", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-20", "event": "Metropolitan Development Commission approves rezoning 8-1", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-09-22", "event": "Google announces withdrawal of rezoning petition before expected City-County Council vote", "source": "s1" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited water and power use, flooding, noise, electric bills, and tax exemptions (s2, s5)", "Opponents objected to developers' use of nondisclosure agreements (s5)", "A councilor contrasted the roughly 50 jobs with local manufacturers that created more jobs with shorter abatements (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google backs down from proposed data center after months of community pushback", "publisher": "WFYI", "url": "https://www.wfyi.org/wfyi-news/2025-09-22/indianapolis-council-google-data-center-vote-withdrawl", "date": "2025-09-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google withdraws data center proposal in southside Indianapolis", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/google-withdraws-southside-data-center-proposal-franklin-township/", "date": "2025-09-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google withdraws rezoning proposal for 468-acre data center project in Franklin Township, Indiana", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-withdraws-rezoning-proposal-for-468-acre-data-center-project-in-franklin-township-indianapolis/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google data center gets another approval over objection of southsiders", "publisher": "Mirror Indy", "url": "https://mirrorindy.org/southside-data-center-google-commitments-franklin-township-deep-meadow-ventures-august-2025/", "date": "2025-08-20", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google withdraws rezoning petition for proposed data center in Franklin Township", "publisher": "WRTV", "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/google-withdraws-rezoning-petition-for-proposed-data-center-in-franklin-township", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Case summary 2025-CZN-814 / 2025-CVR-814, Metropolitan Development Commission Hearing Examiner, April 10, 2025", "publisher": "Indianapolis Department of Metropolitan Development, Division of Planning", "url": "https://mccmeetingspublic.blob.core.usgovcloudapi.net/indymarion-meet-c53e8dc9cba74c6ba443b0409ef1e5aa/ITEM-Attachment-001-85fba3664a5b4c92ba757fb1039d73fd.pdf", "type": "government", "date": "2025-04-10" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Is Franklin Township data center dead? Google withdraws petition just before Council hearing", "publisher": "Indianapolis Star (via Yahoo News)", "url": "https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/google-withdraws-data-center-zoning-003002417.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-09" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "google-monrovia-morgan-county-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-monrovia-morgan-county-in", "name": "Google Morgan County Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Louie" ], "city": "Monrovia", "county": "Morgan County", "state": "IN", "lat": 39.5789, "lng": -86.4822, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Earthmoving began early 2026; neighbors' lawsuit over the first rezoning ongoing", "developer": "Google (Woodland Caribou LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google is developing a data center campus on 550 acres along West State Road 42 near Monrovia in Morgan County, first advanced under the name Project Louie by Woodland Caribou LLC. Documents in neighbors' litigation describe a $1 billion investment, and the county granted tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years; Google says it will pay for 100% of the electricity it uses in partnership with AES Indiana. Earthmovers began shifting dirt around the end of February 2026, while a lawsuit over the first rezoning remains ongoing.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 550, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The new data center, located on 550 acres along West State Road 42 near Monrovia, will support Google's digital services, including Google Cloud, Workspace, Search, and Maps" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "note": "up to five buildings per application reported in October 2025, covering the initial 390-acre site", "source": "s1", "quote": "up to five buildings could be developed on the site" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "per documents submitted in litigation", "source": "s6", "quote": "Project Louie is a $1 billion investment, according to documents submitted during Terri Moore's litigation." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s6", "quote": "The company's promised investments include 100 full-time jobs with wages of either $100,000 a year or 125% of Morgan County's average annual wage, whichever is greater." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "AES Indiana", "source": "s4", "quote": "Google says it will pay for 100% of the electricity its data center uses, partnering with AES Indiana to ensure affordable and reliable energy infrastructure." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Not onsite groundwater (company-stated)", "source": "s4", "quote": "Google confirmed it will not use onsite groundwater for the campus operations." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years granted to Woodland Caribou LLC in May 2025", "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 10, "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Minimum tax payments of $500,000 per year, with no less than $300,000 per data center building", "source": "s6", "quote": "The tax payments should meet a minimum of $500,000 per year, with no less than $300,000 per data center building." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Morgan County Commissioners approved zoning for more than 500 acres on Oct. 6, 2025", "source": "s2", "quote": "Morgan County Commissioners approved zoning a total of more than 500 acres of agricultural land outside of Monrovia for Google's potential data center on Oct. 6" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Terri Moore and another nearby property owner sue for review of the rezoning of the first 390.74 acres", "source": "s6", "quote": "In March 2025, Terri Moore and another property owner, both of whom own land near the data center, filed a lawsuit requesting review of the decision to approve the rezone for the first 390.74 acres of Project Louie." }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "County grants Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years", "source": "s6", "quote": "In May 2025, the county granted Woodland Caribou LLC tax breaks of up to 50% for 10 years." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Google confirms it is exploring a development in Morgan County", "source": "s1", "quote": "exploring a potential development in Morgan County, Indiana" }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Google details plans for the 550-acre campus and says utilities and foundation work will begin in February", "source": "s4", "quote": "Utilities and foundation work for the site's first building will begin in February." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Earthmovers begin shifting dirt on the site", "source": "s6", "quote": "around the end of February, earthmovers started shifting dirt in the fields by her house." }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Monrovia Town Council votes 3-2 to begin exploring annexation of land east of town including the site", "source": "s5", "quote": "The town council voted 3-2 last week to begin exploring incorporation of Morgan County land east of town." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Terri Moore et al. petition for review of Project Louie rezoning", "court": null, "filed": "2025-03", "status": "pending", "summary": "Nearby property owners sought review of the rezoning of the first 390.74 acres and allege construction will harm the enjoyment and value of their properties; the litigation is ongoing.", "source": "s6", "quote": "In January this year, that was consolidated with the lawsuit including Terri Moore. The litigation is ongoing." } ], "issues": [ "Residents have protested citing energy and water use, noise pollution and effects on property values (s5)", "At max capacity, each data center building could use roughly 4 million gallons of water a day (s6)", "Neighbors allege construction will harm the enjoyment and value of their properties (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google behind 390-acre data center development in Morgan County, Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-behind-390-acre-data-center-development-in-morgan-county-indiana/", "date": "2025-10-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google confirms it is behind data center plan in rural Morgan County", "publisher": "WRTV", "url": "https://www.wrtv.com/news/local-news/in-your-community/google-confirms-it-is-behind-data-center-plan-in-rural-morgan-county", "date": "2025-11-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Dellinger details new data center updates", "publisher": "Morgan County Correspondent", "url": "https://morgancountycorrespondent.com/2025/10/30/dellinger-details-new-data-center-updates/", "date": "2025-10-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google details plans for Morgan County data center", "publisher": "WISH-TV", "url": "https://www.wishtv.com/news/google-data-center-morgan-county/", "date": "2025-12-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Monrovia explores annexing site of future Google data center", "publisher": "Indiana Public Media", "url": "https://www.ipm.org/news/2026-04-03/monrovia-explores-annexing-site-of-future-google-data-center", "date": "2026-04-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "The billion-dollar neighbor coming to Morgan County", "publisher": "Indiana Daily Student", "url": "https://specials.idsnews.com/data-center-morgan-county-indiana-billion-dollar/", "date": "2026-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "google-palo-linn-county-ia", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-palo-linn-county-ia", "name": "Google Palo data center campus", "aka": [ "Google Duane Arnold data center" ], "city": "Palo", "county": "Linn County", "state": "IA", "lat": 42.0664, "lng": -91.7957, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Google shifted from unincorporated Linn County toward annexation into Palo; Linn County declined in August 2026 to allow data centers in its EU-2 nuclear zoning district", "developer": "Google", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google informed Linn County in October 2025 of plans for a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center near Palo. In March 2026 county officials announced Google would pursue annexation into Palo rather than follow the county's new data center ordinance. The county chair says a Google representative described water use of roughly 12 million gallons per day.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 545, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 12000000, "note": "roughly, as described to the county chair by a Google representative", "source": "s1", "quote": "Running-Marquardt said when Google first approached the county about its plans for development in unincorporated Linn County, a representative told her that the data center buildings would use roughly 12 million gallons of water per day." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Cedar River", "source": "s3", "quote": "12 million gallons of water per day taken from the Cedar River" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Google informs the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans for a six-building campus on 545 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "In October, Google informed the Linn County Board of Supervisors of plans to construct a six-building data center campus on 545 acres of unincorporated land adjacent to the Duane Arnold Energy Center." }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "event": "Linn County announces Google will pursue development in Palo through annexation instead of under the county's data center ordinance", "source": "s1", "quote": "Linn County officials announced Google has decided to pursue data center development in the city of Palo through annexation, rather than abiding by the terms set out in the county's recently passed ordinance regulating large-scale data center development." }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Palo passes a data center ordinance; Linn County, which recently began an 18-month data center moratorium, considers allowing data centers as accessories to nuclear plants", "source": "s4", "quote": "Palo passed a data center ordinance Monday night" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Linn County drops proposal to allow large data centers co-located with nuclear plants in the EU-2 zoning district", "source": "s5", "quote": "It became clear that there is not broad public support at this time for allowing large data centers co-located with nuclear power plants as a permitted use within the EU-2 zoning district" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "County supervisors say Google is bypassing the county ordinance's water, noise and light protections (s1)", "The shift ended Google's $500,000 commitment to fund a regional water balance study (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google eyes data center in Palo to bypass Linn County regulations", "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio", "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-03-04/google-data-center-palo-linn-county", "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Google's Response to an Iowa County's New Data Center Requirements? Annex the Land.", "publisher": "Inside Climate News", "url": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04032026/google-attempts-to-annex-iowa-county-land-for-data-center/", "date": "2026-03-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google seeks land annexation for data center campus in Linn County, Iowa", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-seeks-land-annexation-for-data-center-campus-in-linn-county-iowa/", "date": "2026-03-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Linn County considers exception for Google as nearby Palo passes data center regulations", "publisher": "Iowa Public Radio", "url": "https://www.iowapublicradio.org/ipr-news/2026-07-21/palo-linn-county-google-data-center-duane-arnold-nuclear-plant", "date": "2026-07-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Linn County will not rezone district near nuclear plant for data centers", "publisher": "KCRG", "url": "https://www.kcrg.com/2026/08/10/linn-county-will-not-rezone-district-near-nuclear-plant-data-centers/", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "google-west-memphis-ar", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/google-west-memphis-ar", "name": "Google West Memphis Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Pyramid", "Groot LLC" ], "city": "West Memphis", "county": "Crittenden County", "state": "AR", "lat": 35.1465, "lng": -90.1845, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Construction began October 2025; expected to take 18 to 24 months", "developer": "Google (Groot LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Google is building its first Arkansas data center in West Memphis as part of a $4 billion investment in the state through 2027. The campus is expected to have five buildings on a 1,178-acre property. Entergy Arkansas will power it, and Google will pay rates to support a new 600MW solar project with 350MW of battery storage in Jefferson County. Construction began in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 4000000000, "note": "investment in Arkansas through 2027", "source": "s1", "quote": "a new $4 billion investment in Arkansas through 2027" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1178, "unit": "acres", "note": "property size; other outlets report 1,000 and 1,100 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus is expected to span five buildings across a 1,178-acre property on the south side of Bollinger Road in West Memphis, Crittenden County." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 5, "source": "s2", "quote": "The campus is expected to span five buildings across a 1,178-acre property on the south side of Bollinger Road in West Memphis, Crittenden County." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 300, "source": "s3", "quote": "Expected to bring 300 jobs to the area." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Entergy Arkansas", "source": "s2", "quote": "US utility Entergy Arkansas has announced that it will power Google's planned data center in West Memphis, Arkansas." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Entergy Arkansas grid; Google to support a new 600MW solar project with a 350MW battery system in Jefferson County", "source": "s2", "quote": "pay rates to support the construction of a new 600MW solar project, tied to a 350MW Battery Energy Storage System, located in Jefferson County, Arkansas" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "30-year payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) arrangement with 65 percent real and personal property tax abatement", "source": "s5", "quote": "30-year Payment in Lieu of Taxes" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "65 percent real and personal property tax abatement", "source": "s5", "quote": "65 percent real and personal property tax abatement" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "18 to 24 months from October 2025 construction start", "source": "s3", "quote": "The project is expected to take 18 to 24 months to complete." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-09", "event": "Google confirmed as the company behind the West Memphis project", "source": "s5", "quote": "Google confirmed to be behind West Memphis data center project in Arkansas" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Construction begins", "source": "s3", "quote": "Google began construction in October 2025." }, { "date": "2025-10-02", "event": "Google announces its $4 billion Arkansas investment and first data center in the state", "source": "s1", "quote": "Google's first data center in the state — located in West Memphis" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Google is investing in Arkansas with a new data center, energy efficiency programs and more.", "publisher": "Google", "url": "https://blog.google/company-news/inside-google/company-announcements/google-american-innovation-arkansas/", "date": "2025-10-02", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Entergy Arkansas to power planned Google data center in West Memphis", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/entergy-arkansas-to-power-planned-google-data-center-in-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-10-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Google hiring for new West Memphis data center", "publisher": "Action News 5", "url": "https://www.actionnews5.com/2026/02/26/google-hiring-new-west-memphis-data-center/", "date": "2026-02-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Google announces plan to build $4 billion data center in West Memphis", "publisher": "Talk Business & Politics", "url": "https://talkbusiness.net/2025/10/google-announces-plan-to-build-4-billion-data-center-in-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-10-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Google confirmed to be behind West Memphis data center project in Arkansas", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-confirmed-to-be-behind-west-memphis-data-center-project-in-arkansas/", "date": "2025-09-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Reports: $10B Data Center Planned for West Memphis", "publisher": "Arkansas Money & Politics", "url": "https://armoneyandpolitics.com/10b-data-center-west-memphis/", "date": "2025-05-20", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "highlander-sm-one-san-marcos-tx", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/highlander-sm-one-san-marcos-tx", "name": "Highlander SM One data center", "aka": [ "Mayberry data center" ], "city": "San Marcos", "county": "Hays County", "state": "TX", "lat": 29.8833, "lng": -97.9414, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Council denied land use change in Feb 2026; city prohibited data centers in all zoning districts on 2026-06-16", "developer": "Highlander SM One LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Fort Worth-based Highlander SM One LLC proposed a $1.5 billion data center on about 200 acres west of Francis Harris Lane in San Marcos, next to the Hays Energy power plant. After an earlier request failed in August 2025, the City Council denied a second land use amendment 5-2 in February 2026. In June 2026 the council voted 4-3 to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 200, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 60 acres in the extraterritorial jurisdiction", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1500000000, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 70000, "note": "up to; over 25 million gallons annually", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Land use amendment requested from Conservation/Cluster to Commercial/Employment Low", "source": "s2", "quote": "from 'Conservation/Cluster' to 'Commercial/Employment Low.'" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Local aquifers", "source": "s1", "quote": "a proposed 200-acre development by Highlander SM One LLC, a Fort Worth-based developer, could consume more than 25 million gallons of water annually from local aquifers" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Planning & Zoning Commission recommends denial of first land use amendment", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "City Council votes 5-2 in favor but short of required supermajority; request denied", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Second land use amendment application submitted", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02-18", "event": "City Council denies land use change 5-2 in early-morning vote after a motion to postpone fails", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-04-21", "event": "Motion to prohibit data centers citywide fails 3-4; data centers restricted to high industrial zones", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-06-16", "event": "City Council votes 4-3 to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Water use during drought was the main reason cited for denial (s4, s6)", "Residents raised concerns about grid strain, livestock, and environmental impacts; 182 people registered to speak at the February hearing (s3, s5)", "A state senator said he would challenge the citywide ban under state preemption law (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "San Marcos becomes the first Texas city to ban data centers, testing its local control", "publisher": "Texas Tribune", "url": "https://www.texastribune.org/2026/06/30/texas-san-marcos-data-center-ban-zoning-laws/", "date": "2026-06-30", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "San Marcos council to once again consider data center", "publisher": "Community Impact", "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/san-marcos-buda-kyle/government/2026/01/15/san-marcos-council-to-once-again-consider-data-center/", "date": "2026-01-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "San Marcos City Council blocks proposed data center", "publisher": "KUT", "url": "https://www.kut.org/energy-environment/2026-02-18/san-marcos-city-council-blocks-proposed-data-center", "date": "2026-02-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "San Marcos City Council votes 5-2 to deny AI data center proposal", "publisher": "CBS Austin", "url": "https://cbsaustin.com/news/local/san-marcos-city-council-votes-5-2-to-deny-ai-data-center-proposal", "date": "2026-02-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "San Marcos council votes to prohibit data centers in all zoning districts", "publisher": "Community Impact", "url": "https://communityimpact.com/austin/san-marcos-buda-kyle/government/2026/06/17/san-marcos-council-votes-to-prohibit-data-centers-in-all-zoning-districts/", "date": "2026-06-17", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Hays County data center proposition receives community pushback", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/austin/news/2026/02/23/hays-county-data-centers", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "holder-industrial-park-citrus-county-fl", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/holder-industrial-park-citrus-county-fl", "name": "Holder Industrial Park", "aka": [ "Citrus County data center" ], "city": "Holder", "county": "Citrus County", "state": "FL", "lat": 28.97, "lng": -82.42, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Deltona Corporation withdrew its comprehensive plan amendment and zoning applications in June 2026", "developer": "Deltona Corporation", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Summary: The Deltona Corporation sought a comprehensive plan amendment and zoning change for the Holder Industrial Park project, which included the possibility of a data center on an approximately 800-acre site in Holder near U.S. 41 and North Lecanto Highway (another report describes a combined footprint of around 1,400 acres including the adjacent 557-acre Holder Industrial Park). Citrus County enacted a one-year moratorium on new data centers on May 1, 2026, while discussions on the pre-moratorium proposal continued. Deltona withdrew its applications in June 2026, and hearings scheduled for July 14 were canceled.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately", "source": "s2", "quote": "on an approximately 800-acre site in Holder near the intersection of U.S. 41 and North Lecanto Highway" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1400, "unit": "acres", "note": "around 1,400 acres including an adjacent site, per another report", "source": "s4", "quote": "giving the project a footprint of around 1,400 acres" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-05-01", "event": "Citrus County enacts a one-year moratorium on new data centers; the pre-moratorium proposal remains under discussion", "source": "s1", "quote": "Despite the county enacting a one-year moratorium on new data centers on May 1, discussions are continuing on a data center proposal in Lecanto, which was initiated before the pause was instituted." }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Deltona Corporation withdraws its Holder Industrial Park comprehensive plan and zoning change applications", "source": "s3", "quote": "Citrus County said the Deltona Corporation has withdrawn its applications for the Holder Industrial Park comprehensive plan and zoning change." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Planning board members asked about water usage, noise and job creation; the group No Data Center Citrus opposed the project (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Talks continue over pre-moratorium Citrus County data center proposal", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://ny1.com/nyc/queens/news/2026/06/18/talks-continue-over-pre-moratorium-data-center-proposal", "date": "2026-06-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Citrus County data center proposal withdrawn after resident backlash, hearings canceled", "publisher": "FOX 13 Tampa Bay", "url": "https://www.fox13news.com/news/citrus-county-data-center-proposal-withdrawn-resident-backlash-hearings-canceled", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Deltona Corporation has withdrawn its applications for land tied to future data center in Citrus County: BOCC", "publisher": "ABC Action News (WFTS)", "url": "https://www.tampabay28.com/news/region-citrus-hernando/deltona-corporation-has-withdrawn-its-applications-for-land-tied-to-future-data-center-in-citrus-county-bocc", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Data center proposal in Citrus County, Florida, withdrawn by developer", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/data-center-proposal-in-citrus-county-florida-withdrawn-by-developer/", "date": "2026-06-25", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "howell-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/howell-township-mi", "name": "Howell Township Data Center", "aka": [ "Howell Township hyperscale data center" ], "city": "Howell", "county": "Livingston County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.64, "lng": -83.95, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Developers withdrew the rezoning request on Dec. 8, 2025; Planet Detroit reported they could resubmit after the township's six-month moratorium.", "developer": "Randee LLC / Stantec Consulting Michigan Inc.", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Randee LLC and Stantec Consulting Michigan sought to rezone 1,077 acres of mostly farmland north of I-96 in Howell Township for a reported $1 billion data center campus. The township and county planning commissions recommended denial, and the township board adopted a six-month data center moratorium. The developers withdrew the rezoning request in December 2025. A township trustee said Meta was the company behind the project, and local station WHMI reported Meta’s involvement as confirmed.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1077, "unit": "acres", "note": "19 parcels bounded by Owosso, Marr, Fleming and Warner roads (WHMI)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "reported figure; a township trustee estimated $9 billion for the completed facility (s4)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 10, "note": "up to ten single-story structures, per DCD", "source": "s6" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy", "source": "s7" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "Howell Township Planning Commission unanimously recommends denying the rezoning after a seven-hour meeting", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Livingston County Planning Commission recommends against the rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "event": "Howell Township Board unanimously adopts a six-month data center moratorium; it does not cover the pending rezoning request", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-11-21", "event": "Trustee Bob Wilson says Meta is behind the project", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-12-08", "event": "Developers withdraw the rezoning application", "source": "s3" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents and environmental advocates raised concerns about water use and electricity costs (s2)", "Opposition petitions gathered more than 3,700 signatures (s3)", "The end user was kept confidential until after approval; a township trustee said he leaked that it was Meta (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data Center Moratorium Enacted In Howell Township", "publisher": "WHMI 93.5", "url": "https://www.whmi.com/news/article/howell-township-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Howell Township planners reject rezoning for massive data center", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/09/data-center-rezoning-howell/", "date": "2025-09-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Data center developers hit pause on $1 billion Howell Township proposal: 'The right thing to do now'", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2025/12/billion-dollar-data-center-paused/", "date": "2025-12-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Howell Township board OKs 6-month data center moratorium; opponents say it exempts current plan", "publisher": "Michigan Advance", "url": "https://michiganadvance.com/2025/11/21/local-michigan-township-trustee-says-meta-is-behind-data-center-project-planned-near-howell/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Howell Township Board Regular Meeting Agenda, November 20, 2025", "publisher": "Howell Township", "url": "https://www.howelltownshipmi.org/dbfiles/download/boardmeetings/agenda/391", "date": "2025-11-20", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Meta reportedly behind $1bn data center in Howell County, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-reportedly-the-company-behind-1bn-data-center-in-howell-county-michigan/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Howell Township Data Center Win: $1B Project Withdrawn After Community Meeting on Energy and Infrastructure Impacts", "publisher": "FracTracker Alliance", "url": "https://www.fractracker.org/2026/01/howell-township-data-center-win", "date": "2026-01-14", "type": "other" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "meta-cheyenne-wy", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/meta-cheyenne-wy", "name": "Meta Cheyenne Data Center", "aka": [ "Project Cosmo", "Goat Systems LLC" ], "city": "Cheyenne", "county": "Laramie County", "state": "WY", "lat": 41.14, "lng": -104.8202, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "First phase under construction and not yet online; city ended the project's industrial wastewater discharges after a 2026 contamination incident", "developer": "Meta (Goat Systems LLC)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Meta is building an $800 million data center, known during development as Project Cosmo, on a 960-acre parcel in the High Plains Business Park in south Cheyenne. It is expected to go online in 2027. In 2026 the Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities traced a bacterial contamination of the city's reuse water system to the project's fill-and-flush operations and stopped accepting that wastewater from data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 800000000, "note": "more than $800 million (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "invest more than $800 million" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 960, "unit": "acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "a 960-acre parcel of land in the High Plains Business Park" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 715000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "other outlets report 750,000 and roughly 800,000 sq ft", "source": "s1", "quote": "715,000 sq ft (66,425 sqm) campus" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 100, "source": "s3", "quote": "will employ 100 operations positions when completed" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "over 1,000 skilled trades people, temporarily", "source": "s3", "quote": "will temporarily employ over 1,000 skilled trades people" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "First phase closed-loop; second phase evaporative", "source": "s4", "quote": "The first phase under construction uses a closed-loop cooling system, while the second phase will use evaporative cooling." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power (Black Hills Energy)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Cheyenne, Wyoming, an area served by the company's electric utility, Cheyenne Light, Fuel & Power Company" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Black Hills Energy grid, with new resources including renewables (company-stated)", "source": "s1", "quote": "work with Black Hills Energy to add new resources to the grid, including renewables" }, { "field": "water_permit", "value": "Cheyenne BOPU revoked Goat Systems LLC's industrial discharge privileges for fill-and-flush operations effective March 24, 2026", "source": "s5", "quote": "revoked the company's industrial discharge privileges for those operations effective March 24" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "2027", "source": "s2", "quote": "expected to go online in 2027" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-05-09", "event": "Cowboy State Daily reports Meta is behind the Project Cosmo data center in south Cheyenne", "source": "s7", "quote": "EXCLUSIVE: Meta Coming To Cheyenne; Multibillion-Dollar Data Center Planned" }, { "date": "2024-07-02", "event": "Meta unveils the $800 million Project Cosmo data center", "source": "s2", "quote": "$800 million Project Cosmo unveiled as Meta data center" }, { "date": "2026-03-24", "event": "BOPU revokes the company's industrial discharge privileges for fill-and-flush operations", "source": "s5", "quote": "revoked the company's industrial discharge privileges for those operations effective March 24" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "BOPU announces it will no longer accept industrial wastewater from data center fill-and-flush or closed-loop cooling operations", "source": "s4", "quote": "In response to the incident, BOPU announced Thursday it will no longer accept industrial wastewater discharges associated with fill-and-flush operations or closed-loop cooling systems used by data centers." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "The city found Goat Systems LLC in 'significant noncompliance' with industrial pretreatment rules after Cupriavidus gilardii bacteria contaminated the municipal reuse water system (s5)", "Meta says its contractor Fortis immediately stopped discharging industrial wastewater and began hauling it offsite (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Meta officially announces data center in Cheyenne, Wyoming", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/meta-officially-announces-data-center-in-cheyenne-wyoming/", "date": "2024-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "$800 million Project Cosmo unveiled as Meta data center", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/800-million-project-cosmo-unveiled-as-meta-data-center/article_96fbe6c0-389c-11ef-8181-a7ac38a0e927.html", "date": "2024-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Meta announces $800 million data center in Cheyenne", "publisher": "Wyoming Public Media", "url": "https://www.wyomingpublicmedia.org/wyoming-economy/2024-07-08/meta-announces-800-million-data-center-in-cheyenne", "date": "2024-07-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Cheyenne BOPU traces rare bacteria discharge to Meta data center contractor", "publisher": "Wyoming Tribune Eagle", "url": "https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/cheyenne-bopu-traces-rare-bacteria-discharge-to-meta-data-center-contractor/article_1c538467-06ec-427d-9a6f-33797cd3c6ce.html", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Cheyenne Won't Take Data Center Wastewater After Meta Contractor Contaminated System", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2026/07/02/cheyenne-wont-take-data-center-wastewater-after-meta-company-contaminated-system/", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Black Hills Corp. to Power Meta's New Data Center in Wyoming with Innovative Energy Solutions and Mission-Critical Reliability", "publisher": "Black Hills Corp.", "url": "https://ir.blackhillscorp.com/news-releases/news-release-details/black-hills-corp-power-metas-new-data-center-wyoming-innovative", "date": "2024-07-11", "type": "utility" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "EXCLUSIVE: Meta Coming To Cheyenne; Multibillion-Dollar Data Center Planned", "publisher": "Cowboy State Daily", "url": "https://cowboystatedaily.com/2024/05/09/exclusive-work-underway-on-multibillion-dollar-meta-data-center-in-wyoming/", "date": "2024-05-09", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "fairwater-mount-pleasant-wi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fairwater-mount-pleasant-wi", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater", "aka": [ "Microsoft Mount Pleasant datacenter" ], "city": "Mount Pleasant", "county": "Racine County", "state": "WI", "lat": 42.717, "lng": -87.905, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "First facility complete June 2026; second facility under construction, target 2028; up to 15 more data centers approved Jan 2026", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft's Fairwater AI datacenter sits on a 315-acre site in the Village of Mount Pleasant. Microsoft calls it the world's most powerful AI datacenter. The company announced in June 2026 that construction of the first facility was complete, with equipment online since April 2026. A second facility of similar scale is under construction for 2028, and in January 2026 the Village Board approved up to 15 more Microsoft data centers northwest of the site. Three nearby Sturtevant residents sued Microsoft over noise in July 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 315, "unit": "acres", "note": "existing site", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 7000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "company says 'more than $7 billion': $3.3B initial plus $4B more for a second datacenter", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 800, "unit": "jobs", "note": "about 550 full-time at first facility; about 800 once second facility operates (company figures)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 3000, "unit": "workers", "note": "3,000+ at peak construction, per Microsoft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid cooling for over 90% of facility; outside air for the rest, with water only on the hottest days", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Microsoft says it will match fossil-fuel power with carbon-free energy; 250 MW solar project in Portage County under construction", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 9000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "nearly 9 million sq ft planned for the 15 additional data centers approved Jan 2026, with 3 new substations", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Racine water; the expansion's annual requirement is not to exceed 8.4 million gallons", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Second facility 2028", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "We Energies", "note": "15-year electric service contract signed July 16, 2026", "source": "s6", "quote": "Microsoft's new 15-year electric service contract for its Mount Pleasant data center includes a provision Wisconsin regulators previously rejected." }, { "field": "air_permit", "value": "WDNR construction permit application 24-MIN-238 and operation permit revision 25230249A-F03 (six new and two revised data centers); public hearing Dec. 2, 2024", "source": "s7", "quote": "The public hearing will be held on Dec. 2, 2024, at 2:00 pm." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "40 emergency generators and two emergency fire pumps at the 1.3 million sq ft facility; 39 backup generators at the existing facility", "note": "ultra-low sulfur diesel and/or hydrotreated vegetable oil; per WDNR as reported by WPR", "source": "s8", "quote": "The new 1.3 million-square-foot data center will include 40 emergency electric generators with pollution controls and two emergency fire pumps, according to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "4800 90th Street, Mount Pleasant, Racine County (FID 252302490)", "source": "s7", "quote": "Microsoft Mount Pleasant Data Centers, located at 4800 90th Street, Mount Pleasant, Racine County, Wisconsin, FID 252302490" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Located in Village of Mount Pleasant Tax Incremental District No. 5, created in 2017 for Foxconn", "source": "s9", "quote": "TID No. 5 was created in November 2017 for the Foxconn project and includes about 3,900 acres of Business Park-zoned land along the Interstate 94 corridor" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Business Park-zoned land within TID No. 5", "source": "s9", "quote": "TID No. 5 was created in November 2017 for the Foxconn project and includes about 3,900 acres of Business Park-zoned land along the Interstate 94 corridor" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2023-03-30", "event": "Village of Mount Pleasant approves purchase and sale, development and implementation agreements with Microsoft for about 315 acres in TID 5", "source": "s10" }, { "date": "2024-05", "event": "Microsoft announces Mount Pleasant datacenter", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-09-18", "event": "Microsoft details Fairwater and commits $4B to a second datacenter", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-26", "event": "Mount Pleasant Village Board unanimously approves up to 15 additional Microsoft data centers", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Equipment brought online at first facility", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-06-23", "event": "Microsoft announces construction of first facility is complete", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "Three Sturtevant residents sue Microsoft in federal court over noise", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-16", "event": "Microsoft signs 15-year electric service contract with We Energies", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Sturtevant residents v. Microsoft (noise class action)", "court": "U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin", "filed": "2026-07-01", "status": "pending", "summary": "Three Sturtevant residents filed a class action alleging private nuisance and negligence from data center noise.", "source": "s5", "quote": "The class action lawsuit was filed Wednesday in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin by three residents of Sturtevant who live near the data center." } ], "issues": [ "Three Sturtevant residents allege excessive noise from diesel generators and HVAC, including low-frequency infrasound, in a federal suit (s5)", "Three residents raised concerns at the January 2026 expansion approval; six spoke in favor (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Made in Wisconsin: The world's most powerful AI datacenter", "publisher": "Microsoft On the Issues", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2025/09/18/made-in-wisconsin-the-worlds-most-powerful-ai-datacenter/", "date": "2025-09-18", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft gains approval for 15 new data centers in Wisconsin", "publisher": "w.media", "url": "https://w.media/microsoft-gains-approval-for-15-new-data-centers-in-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-01-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft completes construction on first datacenter facility in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin", "publisher": "Microsoft Source", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/2026/06/23/microsoft-completes-construction-on-first-datacenter-facility-in-mount-pleasant-wisconsin/", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Microsoft finishes construction of Mount Pleasant data center, plans for more", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-finishes-construction-mount-pleasant-data-center", "date": "2026-06-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Microsoft sued over noise complaints at new Mount Pleasant data center facility", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-sued-noise-complaints-at-new-mount-pleasant-data-center", "date": "2026-07-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Microsoft-We Energies contract retains provision PSC struck down", "publisher": "Wisconsin Watch", "url": "https://wisconsinwatch.org/2026/08/wisconsin-we-energies-microsoft-data-center-contract-terms-conflict-psc-regulators-electricity/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-06" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Microsoft Corporation Data Center Construction (24-MIN-238) And Operation Permit (25230249A-F03) Public Hearing", "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources", "url": "https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/calendar/hearing/100736", "type": "government", "date": "2024-12-02" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Microsoft to use diesel-fired generators as backup power for data centers", "publisher": "WPR", "url": "https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-to-use-diesel-fired-generators-as-backup-power-for-data-centers", "type": "news", "date": "2024-11-15" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Mt. Pleasant creates project review committee for TID housing Microsoft data centers", "publisher": "JT Irregulars", "url": "https://www.jtirregulars.com/2026/08/mt-pleasant-creates-project-review.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08" }, { "id": "s10", "title": "Village of Mount Pleasant Approves Agreements with Microsoft", "publisher": "Village of Mount Pleasant (via Urban Milwaukee)", "url": "https://urbanmilwaukee.com/pressrelease/village-of-mount-pleasant-approves-agreements-with-microsoft/", "type": "government", "date": "2023-03-30" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "fairwater-atlanta-fayetteville-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/fairwater-atlanta-fayetteville-ga", "name": "Microsoft Fairwater Atlanta", "aka": [ "Fairwater 2", "Azure AI superfactory (Atlanta)" ], "city": "Fayetteville", "county": "Fayette County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4487, "lng": -84.4549, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Began operations October 2025, according to Microsoft", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft's second 'Fairwater' AI datacenter, a two-story facility in Fayetteville, Georgia, linked by dedicated fiber to its Wisconsin Fairwater site to act as a distributed 'AI superfactory.' The AJC reports it is housed within QTS's 615-acre Fayetteville data center campus and exceeds 1 million square feet. Microsoft says it began operating in October 2025, uses closed-loop liquid cooling, runs on utility power without on-site generators or UPS, and that the Fairwater network supports OpenAI, Microsoft's AI Superintelligence team and Copilot workloads.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "more than 1 million sq ft, per AJC", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 615, "unit": "acres", "note": "total QTS campus that houses the facility", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop liquid (direct liquid cooling at rack level, ~140 kW per rack)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "closed-loop; Microsoft says the initial fill equals what about 20 homes use in a year and operations consume almost zero water", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Utility grid only; no on-site generation or UPS, per Microsoft", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Fayetteville City Council unanimously approved annexation and rezoning of the final 412 acres on June 30, 2022", "source": "s7", "quote": "The annexation and rezoning of the final 412 acres for the project on the city's west side was approved unanimously by the Fayetteville City Council on June 30." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "1435 Highway 54 West", "note": "address named in the development agreement adopted by the council", "source": "s8", "quote": "The council on June 15 unanimously voted 'to adopt the Development Agreement between the City of Fayetteville and National Acquisition Company, LLC for the QTS Data Center located at 1435 Highway 54 West.'" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2022-08", "event": "QTS buys about 600 acres in Fayetteville for $153.8 million for a planned 250 MW campus", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2023-06-15", "event": "Fayetteville City Council unanimously adopts development agreement with National Acquisition Company, LLC for the QTS data center", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Fayetteville issues certificate of occupancy for the first building on the QTS campus", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-09-25", "event": "City issues construction completion certificate", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Facility begins operations", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Microsoft publicly unveils Fairwater Atlanta as part of its AI superfactory", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "event": "City of Fayetteville prohibits new data centers in every zoning district via Ordinance 26-0-12", "source": "s9" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "event": "Fayette County publishes fact sheet saying QTS monthly water use is under 1% of county water production", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Neighborhood groups, environmentalists and Fayette County residents have raised concerns about electricity and water use (s1)", "Fayette County says QTS campus water use is under 1% of Fayette County Water's production and does not affect residential water pressure (s6)", "Development Authority of Fayette County's Niki Vanderslice said the county has no sites suited to another data center and wants the community to 'realize the benefits' first (s1)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Microsoft's newest AI 'superfactory' opens at sprawling Fayetteville campus", "publisher": "Atlanta Journal-Constitution", "url": "https://www.ajc.com/business/2025/11/microsofts-newest-ai-superfactory-opens-at-sprawling-fayetteville-campus/", "date": "2025-11-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft launches Atlanta Fairwater AI data center - two stories, no UPS or gen-sets", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-launches-atlanta-fairwater-data-center-two-stories-no-ups-or-gen-sets/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Infinite scale: The architecture behind the Azure AI superfactory", "publisher": "Microsoft", "url": "https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2025/11/12/infinite-scale-the-architecture-behind-the-azure-ai-superfactory/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "From Wisconsin to Atlanta: Microsoft connects datacenters to build its first AI superfactory", "publisher": "Microsoft", "url": "https://news.microsoft.com/source/features/ai/from-wisconsin-to-atlanta-microsoft-connects-datacenters-to-build-its-first-ai-superfactory/", "date": "2025-11-12", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "QTS confirmed as behind 250MW data center mega-project in Fayetteville, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/qts-confirmed-as-behind-250mw-data-center-mega-project-in-fayetteville-georgia/", "date": "2022-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Facts about the QTS Fayetteville Data Center Campus Project", "publisher": "Fayette County, Georgia", "url": "https://fayettecountyga.gov/news_detail_T2_R185.php", "date": "2026-05-13", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "A look at the developer of Fayette's first data center", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2022/07/11/a-look-at-the-developer-of-fayettes-first-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2022-07-11" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Fayetteville approves development agreement for 612-acre QTS Data Center on Hwy. 54 West", "publisher": "The Citizen", "url": "https://thecitizen.com/2023/06/19/fayetteville-approves-development-agreement-for-612-acre-qts-data-center-on-hwy-54-west/", "type": "news", "date": "2023-06-19" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Data Center Discussion", "publisher": "City of Fayetteville, GA", "url": "https://www.fayetteville-ga.gov/746/Data-Center-Discussion", "type": "government", "date": "2026" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "microsoft-gaines-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/microsoft-gaines-township-mi", "name": "Microsoft Gaines Township data center", "aka": [], "city": "Caledonia", "county": "Kent County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.7892, "lng": -85.5167, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Planning Commission tabled rezoning decision after April 15, 2026 public hearing", "developer": "Microsoft", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Microsoft proposes a data center campus near Patterson Avenue SE and 76th Street SE in Gaines Township, south of Grand Rapids, on land that includes about 316 acres bought from Steelcase in 2024. It is seeking to rezone additional parcels, about 104 acres across five parcels by April 2026, to light industrial. After a third public hearing on April 15, 2026, the township Planning Commission tabled the decision.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 316, "unit": "acres", "note": "already-zoned land bought in 2024 for $45.3 million; about 104 more acres proposed for rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Byron-Gaines Water System (municipal); Microsoft says it will not withdraw groundwater", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Consumers Energy", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Microsoft says it will not seek local property tax abatements", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "7147 Patterson Avenue; 6900 East Paris Avenue; 4233, 4367 and 4645 76th Street", "source": "s7", "quote": "7147 Patterson Avenue, Conditional Rezone from Steelcase PUD-LSP to Light Industrial • 6900 East Paris Avenue, Rezoning from Steelcase PUD-LSP to Light Industrial • 4233 76th Street, 4367 76th Street, and 4645 76th Street, Rezoning from Agricultural/Rural Residential to Light Industrial" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-08-19", "event": "Microsoft buys about 316 acres in Gaines Township (confirmed October 2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-11", "event": "Microsoft buys a 40.5-acre parcel at 7147 Patterson Ave. SE for $9.7 million", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "event": "Planning Commission meeting on rezoning adjourned after overflow crowd", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-15", "event": "Third public hearing on rezoning of about 104 acres; Planning Commission tables decision", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Hundreds of residents attended hearings, many opposed; some requested a moratorium (s4)", "Residents questioned vague 'fair share' electricity cost language and enforceability of commitments (s4)", "Microsoft offered a 65 dBA noise cap at residential property lines, 150-foot setbacks and an 8-foot berm (s4, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Microsoft confirms major land purchase in Kent Co. for possible data center", "publisher": "FOX 17", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/kent/microsoft-confirms-major-land-purchase-in-kent-co-for-possible-data-center", "date": "2024-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Microsoft plans data center campuses in Dorr and Lowell Townships, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-plans-data-centers-in-dorr-and-lowell-townships-applies-for-property-rezoning-in-gaines-townships/", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Microsoft asks Gaines Township to delay vote on data center rezoning", "publisher": "Crain's Grand Rapids Business", "url": "https://www.crainsgrandrapids.com/news/real-estate/microsoft-asks-gaines-township-to-delay-vote-on-data-center-rezoning/", "date": "2026", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Microsoft data center decision on hold after hours-long public hearing in Gaines Township", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/microsoft-data-center-decision-vote-planning-commission-public-hearing-gaines-township-kent-county-caledonia-byron-center-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Gaines Township proposed data center: What to know before the April 15 public hearing", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/gaines-township-proposed-data-center-public-hearing-meeting-microsoft-conditions-rezone-land-noise-water-electricity-community-michigan-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Consumers Energy on Microsoft AI data center in Gaines Township ahead of public hearing", "publisher": "WWMT", "url": "https://wwmt.com/news/local/consumers-energy-energy-utilities-microsoft-ai-data-center-gaines-township-caledonia-kent-county-michigan-public-hearing-wwmt", "date": "2026-04-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Minutes of the Gaines Charter Township Planning Commission, April 15, 2026", "publisher": "Gaines Charter Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/gaines/04_15%20FINAL%20Minutes.pdf?t=202606041647410", "type": "government", "date": "2026-04-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "old-elberton-road-athens-clarke-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/old-elberton-road-athens-clarke-ga", "name": "Old Elberton Road data center proposal", "aka": [ "FAE Clark LLC rezoning" ], "city": "Athens", "county": "Athens-Clarke County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.95, "lng": -83.37, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "denied", "statusNote": "Rezoning unanimously denied October 7, 2025", "developer": "FAE Clark LLC (property owner/applicant)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "A request to rezone about 200 to 233 acres of greenbelt farmland on Old Elberton Road in north Athens-Clarke County for about 2 million sq ft of industrial buildings, which press widely described as a potential hyperscale data center. The Mayor and Commission unanimously denied the rezoning on October 7, 2025. Athens-Clarke planning officials said the requested zoning does not permit data centers, even though some filed documents suggested one.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 233, "unit": "acres", "note": "Now Georgia reported ~200 acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 2000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "across four buildings", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Requested rezoning of 0 Old Elberton Road from Agricultural Residential (AR) to Employment Industrial (E-I); denied", "note": "request also sought to change the future land use classification from rural to employment center", "source": "s5", "quote": "0 Old Elberton Road from an agricultural residential (AR) to an employment industrial (E-I) property" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "Athens-Clarke Planning Commission unanimously recommends denial of the Employment-Industrial rezoning", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-10-07", "event": "Athens-Clarke Mayor and Commission unanimously deny the rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-10-21", "event": "Commissioner Melissa Link calls for a data center moratorium after the denial", "source": "s2" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Neighbors cited loss of the greenbelt's agricultural character, harm to natural resources, and safety of nearby Coile Middle School students (s3)", "Commissioners said the request lacked definitive plans; the end user was never disclosed (s1, s2)", "Planning officials said the development 'would not become a data center if approved' under the requested zoning (s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Permission denied to data center in Athens-Clarke County, Georgia, talks of a potential moratorium", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/permission-denied-to-data-center-in-athens-clarke-county-georgia-talks-of-a-potential-moratorium/", "date": "2025-10-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Commissioner Link calls for moratorium on data centers after potential hyperscale project denied", "publisher": "WUGA", "url": "https://www.wuga.org/local-news/2025-10-21/commissioner-link-calls-for-moratorium-on-data-centers-after-potential-hyperscale-project-denied", "date": "2025-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "ACC Planning Commission recommends denial for greenbelt rezone", "publisher": "Now Georgia", "url": "https://nowgeorgia.com/acc-planning-commission-recommends-denial-for-greenbelt-rezone/", "date": "2025-09-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Athens commission calls for moratorium on data centers after potential hyperscale project denied", "publisher": "Now Georgia", "url": "https://nowgeorgia.com/athens-commission-calls-for-moratorium-on-data-centers-after-potential-hyperscale-project-denied/", "date": "2025-10-21", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "ACC Mayor and Commission discuss rezoning, SPLOST at regular session", "publisher": "The Red & Black", "url": "https://www.redandblack.com/athensnews/acc-mayor-and-commission-discuss-rezoning-splost-at-regular-session/article_642a4027-0a28-403a-bf69-db4727c65846.html", "type": "news", "date": "2025-10-08" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "pax-1-middlesex-township-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/pax-1-middlesex-township-pa", "name": "Pennsylvania Digital 1 (PAX-1)", "aka": [ "PAX-1", "Pennsylvania Digital 1" ], "city": "Middlesex Township", "county": "Cumberland County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.235, "lng": -77.135, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Site-preparation permits granted; Phase 1-B final land development for the first six buildings approved September 2026", "developer": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners is developing PAX-1, a 16-data center campus on about 700 acres in Middlesex Township, Cumberland County; PPL Electric Utilities has said it can meet the project's 1.35 gigawatt peak energy demand with planned upgrades. Township supervisors approved the Phase 1-B final land development for the first six buildings in September 2026. The project involves more than 500 diesel generators.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 700, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "The 700-acre development now faces challenges in court." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 693, "unit": "acres", "note": "693-acre tract per subdivision plan reporting", "source": "s1", "quote": "Those lines would split the 693-acre tract into three, six-building data center campuses, and a lot hosting an electrical substation and transformers needed to power them up." }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 16, "note": "December 2025 reporting described three six-building campuses", "source": "s4", "quote": "One group opposing the project alleges the developer helped draft the zoning ordinance that would allow the 16-data center campus in Cumberland County." }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities grid; 1.35 gigawatt peak energy demand with planned upgrades", "source": "s1", "quote": "Besides the water demands, PPL Electric Utilities has separately confirmed to the partners that, with some planned upgrades, it can meet the 1.35 gigawatt of peak energy demand." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities", "source": "s1", "quote": "Besides the water demands, PPL Electric Utilities has separately confirmed to the partners that, with some planned upgrades, it can meet the 1.35 gigawatt of peak energy demand." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "more than 500 diesel generators", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project involves more than 500 diesel generators." }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 400000, "note": "up to 400,000 gallons per day capacity approved by municipal authority (developer-stated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "up to 400,000 gallons per day" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "approximately (developer-stated)", "source": "s5", "quote": "approximately 500 full-time permanent positions" }, { "field": "pilot_terms", "value": "Community Benefits Agreement requiring $14 million in developer payments; side letter with noise monitoring, water quality and emissions testing", "source": "s3", "quote": "noise monitoring, water quality testing and emissions testing" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025", "event": "Carlisle Development Partners acquires the site for $44 million", "source": "s1", "quote": "Carlisle Development Partners acquired the site for $44 million earlier this year." }, { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Township planning commission recommends approval of plans creating internal lot lines for the project", "source": "s1", "quote": "Middlesex Township planning commission members voted to recommend the approval of plans creating internal lot lines for the project, now known as Pennsylvania Digital 1." }, { "date": "2026-08-05", "event": "Supervisors' vote postponed after overflow turnout created a fire hazard", "source": "s2", "quote": "A vote on a proposed data center in Middlesex Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, was postponed Wednesday (August 5) after an overwhelming turnout created a fire hazard." }, { "date": "2026-09", "event": "Township supervisors approve Phase 1-B final land development, allowing the first six buildings", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Phase 1-B Final Land Development, approved Wednesday, allows the company to move to build the first six buildings." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Opposition group Stop PAX-1 has filed two legal challenges in county court and appealed to the Environmental Hearing Board (s4)", "Opponents allege illegal spot zoning and that the developer helped draft the zoning ordinance (s4)", "Residents cite blasting disruption, pollution and health concerns, and more than 500 diesel generators (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Cumberland County, Pa., Data Centers Take New Step Forward", "publisher": "GovTech (PennLive)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/artificial-intelligence/cumberland-county-pa-data-centers-take-new-step-forward", "date": "2025-12-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Data Center Vote Canceled Due To Capacity Issues", "publisher": "WHP 580", "url": "https://whp580.iheart.com/content/2026-08-06-data-center-vote-canceled-due-to-capacity-issues/", "date": "2026-08-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Middlesex Township approves first phase of 16-building data center project", "publisher": "Local 21 News (WHP)", "url": "https://local21news.com/news/local/middlesex-township-approves-first-phase-of-16-building-data-center-project-pax-1-cumberland-county-tech-ai", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Middlesex Township approves first phase of controversial PAX-1 data center project", "publisher": "WITF", "url": "https://www.witf.org/2026/09/03/middlesex-township-approves-first-phase-of-controversial-pax-1-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-09-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Pennsylvania Digital 1 (PAX-1) Data Center", "publisher": "Pennsylvania Data Center Partners", "url": "https://pax1campus.com/", "date": "2026", "type": "company" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "digital-gateway-prince-william-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/digital-gateway-prince-william-county-va", "name": "Prince William Digital Gateway", "aka": [ "PW Digital Gateway" ], "city": "Gainesville", "county": "Prince William County", "state": "VA", "lat": 38.8, "lng": -77.6, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Rezonings voided in court; QTS withdrew its Supreme Court appeal and ended the project July 2, 2026", "developer": "Compass Datacenters and QTS Data Centers (via H&H Capital Acquisitions and GW Acquisition Co.)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Digital Gateway was a proposed campus of about 23 million square feet on roughly 2,100 acres near Manassas National Battlefield Park, pitched in 2021 as the world's largest data center campus. Supervisors approved the rezonings in December 2023, but courts voided them in 2025 and 2026 for faulty public notice. Compass and the county dropped out in April 2026, and QTS withdrew its Virginia Supreme Court appeal on July 2, 2026, ending the project.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 2100, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 1,790 acres rezoned", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 23000000, "unit": "sq ft", "note": "planned at full build-out", "source": "s7" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 37, "unit": "data centers", "note": "as pitched in 2021", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Board of County Supervisors approved the Compass, Digital Gateway North and Digital Gateway South rezonings 4-3 following the December 12–13, 2023 public hearing", "source": "s8", "quote": "The ruling invalidates the Compass, Digital Gateway North (DG North), and Digital Gateway South (DG South) rezonings approved by a 4-3 vote after a 27-hour marathon hearing." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Three rezonings: Compass 884 acres, DG North 534 acres, DG South 342 acres (about 1,760 acres of former agricultural land)", "note": "differs from the record's 'about 1,790 acres rezoned' (Virginia Business)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Compass alone spans 884 acres and 11.5 million square feet of gross floor area with height caps of 85 feet in most bays; DG North covers 534 acres and 7 million square feet (83-foot caps); DG South covers 342 acres and 3.7 million square feet (60-foot caps)." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "A plaintiff's home was 130 feet from the Compass site", "note": "as described in the Court of Appeals opinion, per Potomac Local", "source": "s8", "quote": "One plaintiff, living 130 feet from the Compass site, described the current \"peace and tranquility\" of the property" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2021-07", "event": "Rezoning process begins", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2022-11-01", "event": "Board of County Supervisors adopts the comprehensive plan amendment for the Digital Gateway area", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Board of County Supervisors approves rezonings after marathon public hearing", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Circuit Court Judge Kimberly Irving voids rezonings over improper public notice", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Virginia Court of Appeals affirms voiding of rezonings", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Compass Datacenters drops its appeal", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-04-14", "event": "Board of County Supervisors unanimously votes not to appeal", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "QTS files appeal petitions with the Supreme Court of Virginia", "source": "s7" }, { "date": "2026-07-02", "event": "QTS withdraws petitions and ends the project", "source": "s6" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Proximity to Manassas National Battlefield Park (s1)", "Courts found the county failed to meet required public-notice rules for the December 2023 hearing (s1)", "County spent $1.72 million on legal fees, per Technical.ly (s5)", "Oak Valley HOA residents cited noise and property-value concerns (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Virginia Appeals Court upholds block on Prince William Digital Gateway project", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/virginia-appeals-court-upholds-block-on-prince-william-digital-gateway-project/", "date": "2026-04-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Developers drop appeal of zoning decision on Digital Gateway project", "publisher": "WTOP News", "url": "https://wtop.com/prince-william-county/2026/04/developers-drop-appeal-of-zoning-decision-on-digital-gateway-project/", "date": "2026-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Prince William Supervisors Unanimously Drop Digital Gateway Appeal, Opening Door for Rezoning", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/04/15/prince-william-supervisors-unanimously-drop-digital-gateway-appeal-opening-door-for-rezoning/", "date": "2026-04-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "'Surprised by the arrogance:' Digital Gateway developer QTS files appeal to save Prince William data center project", "publisher": "InsideNoVa", "url": "https://www.insidenova.com/news/prince_william/surprised-by-the-arrogance-digital-gateway-developer-qts-files-appeal-to-save-prince-william-data/article_79380aa2-a67e-448c-b7a0-bac6610e9067.html", "date": "2026-05-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Data center fight offers crucial lessons as it heads to Virginia Supreme Court", "publisher": "Technical.ly", "url": "https://technical.ly/civics/digital-gateway-data-center-battle-virginia-supreme-court/", "date": "2026-06-02", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "QTS Withdraws Supreme Court Appeal, Ending Proposed Digital Gateway Data Center Project", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/07/03/qts-withdraws-supreme-court-appeal-ending-proposed-digital-gateway-data-center-project/", "date": "2026-07-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Prince William Digital Gateway data center project officially dies", "publisher": "Virginia Business", "url": "https://virginiabusiness.com/prince-william-digital-gateway-data-center-project-officially-dies/", "date": "2026-07-06", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Digital Gateway Projects Halted: Court Rules Oak Valley Rezonings Invalid in Major Resident Victory", "publisher": "Potomac Local", "url": "https://www.potomaclocal.com/2026/03/31/digital-gateway-projects-halted-court-rules-oak-valley-rezonings-invalid-in-major-resident-victory/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-31" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-cumulus-st-charles-mo", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-cumulus-st-charles-mo", "name": "Project Cumulus", "aka": [], "city": "St. Charles", "county": "St. Charles County", "state": "MO", "lat": 38.7881, "lng": -90.4974, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "cancelled", "statusNote": "Withdrawn Aug 2025; city adopted a one-year moratorium, then in May 2026 amended its code to effectively ban data centers", "developer": "CRG (Clayco) via CRG Cumulus LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Cumulus was a proposed hyperscale data center on about 440 acres along Highway 370 in north St. Charles, near the city's Elm Point well field. The developer, CRG Cumulus LLC, affiliated with Clayco, withdrew the application in August 2025 amid resident opposition. The city then adopted a one-year moratorium and in May 2026 voted 7-1 to amend its code in a way that effectively bans data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 440, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 3, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 150, "note": "50 per building, per project spokesperson", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1000, "note": "stated as 700-1,000", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Site plan plus a conditional use permit required to store and use hazardous substances such as diesel fuel within the wellhead protection district; Planning and Zoning Commission approved the site plan but defeated a favorable recommendation on the conditional use permit by one vote", "source": "s7", "quote": "the Planning and Zoning Commission split on the two items, approving the site plan but defeating a favorable recommendation on the conditional use permit by one vote." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Backup generators with about 1 million gallons of diesel fuel stored in 150 tanks", "source": "s7", "quote": "allowing the use, handling, and storage of hazardous substances, including some 1 million gallons of diesel fuel (spread among 150 tanks)." }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "440 acres on both sides of Highway 370 between Huster Road and Harry S Truman Boulevard", "source": "s1", "quote": "The proposal would have seen a data center be built on a 440-acre land parcel located on both the north and south sides of Highway 370 and between Huster Road and Harry S Truman Boulevard." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-07-14", "event": "Planning and Zoning Commission partially recommends approval", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-08-19", "event": "Developer withdraws proposal ahead of City Council vote", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2025-08-22", "event": "City Council unanimously adopts one-year citywide moratorium on data center applications", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-05-19", "event": "City Council votes 7-1 to amend code defining data centers separately from warehouses, effectively banning them", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents objected to siting on the city's drinking water source near the Elm Point well field (s2, s6)", "Opponents cited use of nondisclosure agreements and an undisclosed Fortune 100 end user (s2, s3)", "Developer Bob Clark said the project would have funded water system upgrades and generated $30-40 million a year in tax revenue (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Bernie Sanders praises residents after developers shelve planned data center in St. Charles, Missouri", "publisher": "Data Center Dynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/bernie-sanders-praises-residents-after-developers-shelve-planned-data-center-in-st-charles-missouri/", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "St. Charles residents push back on hyperscale data center near city's water source", "publisher": "Mid Rivers Newsmagazine", "url": "https://www.midriversnewsmagazine.com/news/st-charles-residents-push-back-on-hyperscale-data-center-near-city-s-water-source/article_0892c124-6c4c-4ca0-a741-ee7275fbfeb0.html", "date": "2025-08-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Proposed St. Charles, Mo., Data Center Is Dead for Now", "publisher": "St. Louis Post-Dispatch (via GovTech)", "url": "https://www.govtech.com/products/proposed-st-charles-mo-data-center-is-dead-for-now", "date": "2025-08-19", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "St. Charles bans data centers with yearlong moratorium", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/mo/st-louis/news/2025/08/22/st-charles-data-center-moratorium", "date": "2025-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "City of St. Charles bans data centers", "publisher": "Mid Rivers Newsmagazine", "url": "https://www.midriversnewsmagazine.com/news/city-of-st-charles-bans-data-centers/article_9762c552-2aec-45f0-975e-7791b680f6a8.html", "date": "2026-05-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "As St. Charles weighs data center ban, developer says project would have upgraded water system", "publisher": "First Alert 4 (KMOV)", "url": "https://www.firstalert4.com/2026/05/18/st-charles-weighs-data-center-ban-developer-says-project-would-have-upgraded-water-system/?outputType=amp", "date": "2026-05-18", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "St. Charles residents don't want a data center city leaders are eyeing", "publisher": "St. Louis Magazine", "url": "https://www.stlmag.com/business/st-charles-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2025-07-15" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-delta-walnut-cove-nc", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-delta-walnut-cove-nc", "name": "Project Delta", "aka": [], "city": "Walnut Cove", "county": "Stokes County", "state": "NC", "lat": 36.2957, "lng": -80.1417, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning re-approved 3-2 on Sept. 14, 2026 after January approval was voided over notice defects; state permits not yet obtained as of January", "developer": "Engineered Land Solutions", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Charlotte-based Engineered Land Solutions proposes a data center campus on about 1,800 acres of farmland along the Dan River near Walnut Cove, with about 998 acres developable and the rest floodplain. Stokes County commissioners approved the rezoning 3-2 in January 2026, voided that approval after residents sued over public notice, and approved it again 3-2 on Sept. 14, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1845, "unit": "acres", "note": "about 998 acres developable; remainder floodplain (s1)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 500, "note": "up to 500, average salaries around $100,000 (developer projection)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Generators initially, then Duke Energy grid connection (developer plan)", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Duke Energy", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "County text amendment allowing data centers in heavy manufacturing districts plus a zoning map amendment for the Project Delta site", "source": "s5", "quote": "The plaintiffs say commissioners' decision to allow data centers in the county's heavy manufacturing districts threatens more than a dozen sites across the county that have remained largely rural." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12-04", "event": "Stokes County Planning Board votes against recommending the rezoning", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026", "event": "Thirteen residents and four nonprofit groups sue, alleging improper notice and procedures; commissioners void the rezoning (by April 2026)", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves rezoning 3-2", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "Community groups and residents file suit in Stokes County Superior Court challenging the January rezoning", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-09-14", "event": "Commissioners approve rezoning again 3-2 under restarted process", "source": "s4" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns about water use, thermal pollution and groundwater contamination affecting the Dan River (s1)", "Residents cited noise, air quality, electricity demand, and loss of rural character (s2, s4)", "Opponents raised historical and cultural significance of the site to Indigenous peoples (s1)", "Developer projects $20 million a year in county tax revenue; CEO Drew Nations has cited up to $40 million (s1, s3)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Plan for new data center in Stokes County approved by commissioners", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/01/12/stokes-county-proposed-data-center-creates-backlash", "date": "2026-01-12", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Residents push back as N.C. county reboots process for data center plan", "publisher": "Spectrum News", "url": "https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nc/charlotte/news/2026/04/16/stokes-county-data-center-lawsuit", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Charlotte group's data center plan wins Stokes County rezoning", "publisher": "Business North Carolina", "url": "https://businessnc.com/charlotte-groups-data-center-plan-wins-stokes-county-rezoning/", "date": "2026-02-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Stokes County votes clear the way for massive, controversial data center in Walnut Cove", "publisher": "WFAE", "url": "https://www.wfae.org/2026-09-14/stokes-county-votes-clear-the-way-for-massive-controversial-data-center-in-walnut-cove", "date": "2026-09-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Community groups sue over planned data center in Stokes County", "publisher": "NC Newsline", "url": "https://ncnewsline.com/2026/03/13/community-groups-sue-over-planned-data-center-in-stokes-county/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-03-13" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Community Groups, Residents File Lawsuit Over Stokes County Data Center Rezoning", "publisher": "Southern Environmental Law Center", "url": "https://www.selc.org/press-release/community-groups-residents-file-lawsuit-over-stokes-county-data-center-rezoning/", "type": "other", "date": "2026-03-12" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-flex-lyon-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-flex-lyon-township-mi", "name": "Project Flex", "aka": [ "Verrus Lyon Township data center" ], "city": "New Hudson", "county": "Oakland County", "state": "MI", "lat": 42.5139, "lng": -83.6147, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Conditional site plan approval Sept 2025; final site plan still under Planning Commission review", "developer": "Verrus", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Verrus, a Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners company, plans a six-building, 1.8 million sq ft data center on 172 acres south of Grand River Avenue near Milford Road in Lyon Township. The site is zoned industrial and received unanimous conditional site plan approval in September 2025; the final site plan has gone through multiple revisions amid resident opposition, a township moratorium on further data centers, and a developer threat of litigation.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 172, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "sqft", "value": 1800000, "unit": "sq ft", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 6, "source": "s1" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "DTE Energy (new substation required)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 210, "source": "s2" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 2000, "note": "stated as 1,500-2,000", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Developer offers $10 million community benefits package; projects about $300 million in tax revenue over 17 years", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "I-1 and I-2 industrial zoning, where the developer says data centers are permitted by right", "note": "as stated in the developer attorney's May 27, 2026 final site plan response letter", "source": "s4", "quote": "The letter also contends that Project Flex falls within I-1 and I-2 industrial zoning, where data centers are permitted by right under Michigan law, requiring only technical compliance review." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Battery energy storage as primary backup for outages under 4 hours; packaged diesel generators in acoustic enclosures as secondary backup", "source": "s1", "quote": "The data center's primary backup power for outages of less than 4 hours would come from a zero-emission battery energy storage system, and for longer outages, packaged diesel generators in acoustic enclosures would be used as a secondary backup, the document said." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09-08", "event": "Planning Commission grants unanimous conditional site plan approval", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "event": "Public meeting draws about 125 residents", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Township board adopts six-month moratorium on additional data center proposals", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "event": "Oakland County Election Commission approves recall petition language against township trustees", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-05-27", "event": "Developer's attorney submits final site plan response letter threatening legal action over delays", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "Verrus submits fifth site plan revision", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cite sound studies, stormwater, proximity to an elementary school, property values, and water supply (s4)", "The township board denied a stormwater easement requested by the developer (s4)", "Developer says the project will use little to no water and relies on batteries plus diesel generators for backup (s1)", "Developer says annual water use would be under 12 million gallons (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Lyon Township 'may be revisiting' data center site plan: Residents pack meeting", "publisher": "Planet Detroit", "url": "https://planetdetroit.org/2026/01/lyon-township-data-center-plan/", "date": "2026-01-13", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Flex data center eyes final Lyon Township approval amid pushback from nearby residents", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/region/oakland-county/project-flex-data-center-eyes-final-lyon-township-approval-amid-pushback-from-nearby-residents", "date": "2026-07-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Residents fight back: Data center controversy sparks recall attempt against Lyon Township leaders", "publisher": "WDIV ClickOnDetroit", "url": "https://www.clickondetroit.com/news/local/2026/04/29/residents-fight-back-data-center-controversy-sparks-recall-attempt-against-lyon-township-leaders/", "date": "2026-04-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Lyon Township residents push back on data center as developer threatens lawsuit", "publisher": "WXYZ", "url": "https://www.wxyz.com/news/data-centers/lyon-township-residents-push-back-on-data-center-as-developer-threatens-lawsuit", "date": "2026-06-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Project Flex one year later: Part II", "publisher": "The Livingston Post", "url": "https://thelivingstonpost.com/project-flex-one-year-later-part-ii/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Project Flex Developer to Go Back Before Lyon Township Planners in September", "publisher": "WHMI", "url": "https://www.whmi.com/news/article/project-flex-developer-to-go-back-before-lyon-township-planners-in-september", "date": "2026-08-31", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-peninsula-solon-township-mi", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-peninsula-solon-township-mi", "name": "Project Peninsula", "aka": [], "city": "Cedar Springs", "county": "Kent County", "state": "MI", "lat": 43.2233, "lng": -85.5514, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No application filed; township board adopted a six-month moratorium on data center proposals in February 2026", "developer": null, "endUsers": [], "summary": "An unnamed technology company is eyeing around 800 acres near US-131 and 17 Mile Road in Solon Township, Kent County, for a data center project that could see more than $1 billion invested. The township's supervisor signed a nondisclosure agreement with Venerly LLC in June 2025. The township board adopted a six-month moratorium on data center proposals in February 2026, and the planning commission tabled proposed data center ordinances in June 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "unit": "acres", "note": "around 800 acres", "source": "s4", "quote": "an unnamed technology company aims to develop on around 800 acres near US-131 and 17 Mile Road." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "more than $1 billion", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project could see more than $1 billion invested to develop 600,000-800,000 sq ft." }, { "field": "sqft", "value": "600,000-800,000", "unit": "sq ft", "note": "range", "source": "s4", "quote": "The project could see more than $1 billion invested to develop 600,000-800,000 sq ft." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Most of the property currently zoned agricultural/residential", "source": "s1", "quote": "The township says most of the property is currently zoned agricultural/residential." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-06", "event": "Township Supervisor Ellick signs a nondisclosure agreement with Venerly LLC with board approval", "source": "s5", "quote": "Ellick signed an NDA in June 2025 with Venerly LLC with unanimous approval from the board." }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Township Planning Commission unanimously approves a 90-day moratorium on data center proposals", "source": "s2", "quote": "unanimously approved a 90-day moratorium on data center proposals during Tuesday night's meeting, with hundreds of community members in attendance." }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "event": "The Right Place confirms technology companies are exploring data center development in the region, including in Solon Township", "source": "s1", "quote": "A few leading U.S.-based technology companies have approached The Right Place to explore developing data centers in our region, including one in Solon Township." }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Township Board unanimously approves a six-month moratorium on data center proposals", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Solon Township Board unanimously approved a six-month moratorium Monday night" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Planning Commission tables proposed data center ordinances", "source": "s4", "quote": "the planning commission tabled the ordinances and will discuss them again in July." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents raised concerns after learning of the potential 800-acre site in January 2026 (s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Developers eye Solon Township farmland for potential Data Center", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/developers-eye-solon-township-farmland-for-potential-data-center", "date": "2026-01-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Solon Township Planning Commission approves 90-day moratorium on data centers", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/solon-township-planning-commission-approves-90-day-moratorium-on-data-centers", "date": "2026-01-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Solon Township approves 6-month moratorium on data center proposals", "publisher": "FOX 17 West Michigan", "url": "https://www.fox17online.com/news/local-news/rockford-cedar-springs-sparta/solon-township-approves-6-month-moratorium-on-data-center-proposals", "date": "2026-02-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Mystery tech firm looks to build ~800-acre data center campus outside Grand Rapids, Michigan", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/mystery-tech-firm-looks-to-build-800-acre-data-center-campus-outside-grand-rapids-michigan/", "date": "2026-06-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Solon Township Schedules Public Hearing for Data Center Zoning Ordinance", "publisher": "Cedar Springs Bugle", "url": "https://www.csbugle.com/post/solon-township-schedules-public-hearing-for-data-center-zoning-ordinance", "date": "2026-06-04", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-rainier-new-carlisle-in", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-rainier-new-carlisle-in", "name": "Project Rainier (AWS New Carlisle campus)", "aka": [ "Amazon Web Services New Carlisle data center campus" ], "city": "New Carlisle", "county": "St. Joseph County", "state": "IN", "lat": 41.7, "lng": -86.51, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "operating", "statusNote": "Initial buildings operating since Oct 2025; campus build-out continues", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [ "Anthropic" ], "summary": "Amazon Web Services' campus in the Indiana Enterprise Center near New Carlisle is an $11 billion investment and one of the data center sites behind Project Rainier, the AI compute cluster that Anthropic uses to train and run Claude. AWS brought Project Rainier online in October 2025 with nearly 500,000 Trainium2 chips. St. Joseph County approved a tax abatement in 2024, and some county council members have since asked Amazon to voluntarily give back part of it.", "facts": [ { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 11000000000, "unit": "USD", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "at least 1,000 per state announcement; county approval cited ~400 full-time", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 600, "note": "approximate, per county approval coverage", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 600, "unit": "acres", "note": "600+ acquired as of Aug 2024", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 22, "note": "potential total on campus over 10–15 years (2024 estimate)", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "County: 50% property tax abatement over 10 years, 85% on data center shells over 35 years, $143M community enhancement agreement; State: 50-year data center sales tax exemption plus up to ~$105M in credits/grants", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Per AWS, no cooling water used October–March, minimal use April–September", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "Indiana Michigan Power (I&M)", "source": "s8", "quote": "Amazon wrote that its data center would receive power from I&M's regional grid." }, { "field": "abatement_usd", "value": 9000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "stated as property tax abatements totaling over $9 billion over 35 years", "source": "s8", "quote": "St. Joseph County has granted property tax abatements totaling over $9 billion over 35 years for AWS's data center." }, { "field": "abatement_years", "value": 35, "unit": "years", "source": "s8", "quote": "St. Joseph County has granted property tax abatements totaling over $9 billion over 35 years for AWS's data center." }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s8", "quote": "Once the other 14 of the project's 32 buildings are built on its 1,200-acre New Carlisle campus, the development can consume up to 2.25 gigawatts, enough to power more than 1.4 million homes, or around half of the state of Indiana's residential households." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-04-25", "event": "Indiana governor announces AWS $11 billion data center campus near New Carlisle", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-08-13", "event": "St. Joseph County Council approves tax abatement, 7-2", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2025-10-29", "event": "AWS activates Project Rainier; cluster fully operational with ~500,000 Trainium2 chips", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "The Department of Energy ordered the data center to cut 50 MW from the grid; backup diesel generators ran and cold weather disrupted pollution controls on five of them", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06", "event": "Four Republican council members ask Amazon to voluntarily return part of its tax break", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "event": "Amazon holds ribbon-cutting for campus administration building", "source": "s6" }, { "date": "2026-08-10", "event": "Council Republicans propose asking Amazon for $7 million; Amazon says it is not interested in revisiting the abatement", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Some county council members object to the size of the abatement (nearly $38M abated in the first half of 2026), contrasting it with Microsoft forgoing a break in Granger (s6, s7)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Gov. Holcomb announces Amazon Web Services plans to invest $11B to create a new data center campus in Northern Indiana", "publisher": "Indiana Economic Development Corporation", "url": "https://www.iedc.in.gov/events/news/details/2024/04/25/gov.-holcomb-announces-amazon-web-services-plans-to-invest-11b-to-create-a-new-data-center-campus-in-northern-indiana", "date": "2024-04-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "St. Joseph County leaders approve $11bn Amazon data center in Indiana", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/st-joseph-county-leaders-approve-11bn-amazon-data-center-in-indiana/", "date": "2024-08-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Amazon's 'Project Rainier' starts operations in New Carlisle", "publisher": "WSBT", "url": "https://wsbt.com/news/local/amazons-project-rainier-starts-operations-create-jobs-ai-billion-dollar-project-near-new-carlisle-st-joseph-county-indiana", "date": "2025-10-31", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "AWS activates Project Rainier: One of the world's largest AI compute clusters comes online", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/aws/aws-project-rainier-ai-trainium-chips-compute-cluster", "date": "2025", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Project Rainer: AWS, Anthropic Complete Massive AI Supercomputing Cluster", "publisher": "Data Center Knowledge", "url": "https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/supercomputers/project-rainer-aws-anthropic-complete-massive-ai-supercomputing-cluster", "date": "2025-10-29", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Council members asking Amazon to pay despite tax abatement", "publisher": "WVPE", "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-06-24/council-members-asking-amazon-to-pay-despite-tax-abatement", "date": "2026-06-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Council Republicans ask Amazon to give back some data center tax break", "publisher": "WVPE", "url": "https://www.wvpe.org/wvpe-news/2026-08-10/council-republicans-ask-amazon-to-give-back-some-data-center-tax-break", "date": "2026-08-10", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Power Needs, Pollution, Local Politics Collide At Amazon Data Center", "publisher": "InkFreeNews.com (Indianapolis Star / Notre Dame Gallivan Program)", "url": "https://www.inkfreenews.com/2026/08/14/power-needs-pollution-local-politics-collide-at-amazon-data-center/", "type": "news", "date": "2026-08-14" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "project-thunderbird-enid-ok", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/project-thunderbird-enid-ok", "name": "Project Thunderbird", "aka": [], "city": "Enid", "county": "Garfield County", "state": "OK", "lat": 36.3956, "lng": -97.8784, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Announced September 2026; requires approval by the Enid City Commission", "developer": "Plainsmen Holdings LLC", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Project Thunderbird is a data center and power generation development announced in September 2026 by Plainsmen Holdings LLC, a partnership of four Enid natives, across four campuses in Enid. It includes plans for on-site natural gas power generation of up to 3.3 gigawatts and would cool the data centers with raw water from the Kaw Lake pipeline in a closed-loop system. The developers say it could also provide backup power to Vance Air Force Base; the plan is in the early stages and must be approved by the Enid City Commission.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1652, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately, across four campuses; other outlets report 1,735 acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "The proposed Project Thunderbird development would encompass approximately 1,652 acres across four campuses in Enid and includes plans for an on-site power generation facility of up to 3.3 gigawatts" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1735, "unit": "acres", "note": "figure reported by other outlets; conflicts with 1,652 acres in Enid News & Eagle", "source": "s3", "quote": "said their project, still in its early stages, would take up 1,735 acres of land and it would involve behind-the-meter electricity generation." }, { "field": "onsite_generation_mw", "value": 3300, "unit": "MW", "note": "stated as up to 3.3 gigawatts", "source": "s1", "quote": "The on-site power generation facility would be designed to provide up to 3.3 gigawatts enabled through a partnership with a major natural gas midstream energy provider." }, { "field": "onsite_generation", "value": "On-site natural gas-fueled generation, behind the meter, via partnership with a natural gas midstream energy provider", "source": "s1", "quote": "The on-site power generation facility would be designed to provide up to 3.3 gigawatts enabled through a partnership with a major natural gas midstream energy provider." }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Raw water from the Kaw Lake pipeline", "source": "s1", "quote": "If approved, Project Thunderbird plans to use raw water from the new Kaw Lake pipeline for cooling the data centers." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "closed-loop", "source": "s1", "quote": "Advanced closed-loop cooling technology will be used to reduce water consumption compared to traditional data center cooling systems." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "event": "Plainsmen Holdings announces Project Thunderbird", "source": "s2", "quote": "Plainsmen Holding LLC., a partnership consisting of Enid natives Jason Singer, Aaron Singer, Chad Dillingham and Troy Phillips announced on Tuesday plans to develop Project Thunderbird" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Vance Air Force Base and the Department of the Air Force were briefed on the project, but no formal agreements or memorandums of understanding were signed (s3)", "The developers say the project would bring revenue without raising taxes or utility bills for residents (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "UPDATED: Enid natives announce local data center, power generation project", "publisher": "Enid News & Eagle", "url": "https://www.enidnews.com/news/local_news/enid-natives-announce-local-data-center-power-generation-project/article_0465bc43-e183-4d3a-b602-9afd55ff300e.html", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Project Thunderbird to Bring Data Center, Power Corridor to Garfield County", "publisher": "Freedom 96.9", "url": "https://www.freedom969.com/local/project-thunderbird-to-bring-data-center-power-corridor-to-garfield-county", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Massive data center campus unveiled for Enid", "publisher": "Oklahoma Energy Today", "url": "https://okenergytoday.com/2026/09/massive-data-center-campus-unveiled-for-enid/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "pumpkin-technology-campus-harlem-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/pumpkin-technology-campus-harlem-ga", "name": "Pumpkin Technology Campus", "aka": [ "Pumpkin Center Data Center", "Pumpkin Center" ], "city": "Harlem", "county": "Columbia County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.4146, "lng": -82.3126, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Rezoning to Data Center district approved February 2026; resident appealing dismissal of his court challenge", "developer": "Cloverleaf Infrastructure (Piedmont DevCo LLC), with the Prather Company", "endUsers": [], "summary": "The Pumpkin Technology Campus is a data center campus proposed by Houston firm Cloverleaf Infrastructure, as Piedmont DevCo LLC, and the Prather Company on approximately 420 acres along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road in Harlem, Columbia County. Concept plans depict four data center buildings, two warehouses, an office and a substation. The Columbia County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning 4-1 in February 2026; a resident's judicial review petition was dismissed with prejudice in March 2026, and he filed a notice of appeal in April.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 420, "unit": "acres", "note": "approximately; four parcels", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family, totaling approximately 420 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 4, "note": "four data center buildings, each more than 717,000 sq ft, plus two 180,000 sq ft warehouses, an office and a substation (concept plans)", "source": "s1", "quote": "Concept plans for the Pumpkin Technology Campus depict four data center buildings, each more than 717,000 square feet, two 180,000-square foot warehouses, an office, a substation, several stormwater ponds and a buffer around the perimeter." }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 1000000000, "note": "value stated in rezoning application materials", "source": "s1", "quote": "from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to the new Data Center (D-C) district zoning for the development of the new facility, a project that the accompanying states is worth $1 billion." }, { "field": "jobs_construction", "value": 1500, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "will provide some 1,500 construction jobs, and employ between 200 to 300 people once in operation." }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": "200-300", "note": "developer-stated range", "source": "s8", "quote": "The developer says the data center would employ 200-300 workers." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to Data Center (D-C) district", "source": "s1", "quote": "totaling approximately 420 acres, from Planned Unit Development (PUD) to the new Data Center (D-C) district zoning for the development of the new facility" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "Four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family" }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Columbia County Board of Commissioners approved the rezoning 4-1 in February 2026, Commissioner Allison Couch opposed; conditions raised buffers from 250 to 500 feet and berms from 6 to 12 feet", "source": "s4", "quote": "The Pumpkin Center project faced the most public opposition but was approved 4-1, with Commissioner Allison Couch voting against it." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Piedmont DevCo LLC applies to rezone about 420 acres for the Pumpkin Technology Campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "DevCo applied to rezone a group of four parcels along I-20 and Appling Harlem Road owned by the Prather family, totaling approximately 420 acres" }, { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Columbia County Planning Commission votes 4-1 to recommend the Pumpkin Center and Byrd Farm data center projects", "source": "s3", "quote": "a 4-1 vote in support of the proposed projects, which encompass Pumpkin Center Data Center and Byrd Farm Data Center" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Board of Commissioners approves the rezoning 4-1 with larger buffers and berms", "source": "s4", "quote": "increasing buffers from 250 to 500 feet, raising berms from 6 to 12 feet to block views, and prohibiting residential housing on the east side of Highway 221 near the center." }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Resident Gregory P. Guido Jr. files a judicial review petition challenging the Pumpkin Center rezoning", "source": "s6", "quote": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. filed both petitions on Feb. 25, within the required 30-day judicial review window." }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Superior Court order dismissing the Pumpkin Center petition with prejudice is signed and filed", "source": "s7", "quote": "Pumpkin Center rezoning — The notice states Guido is appealing an Order of Dismissal with Prejudice signed and filed March 25." }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Guido files notices of appeal of the dismissals", "source": "s7", "quote": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. filed three notices of appeal on April 13 in Columbia County Superior Court" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [ { "name": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. petition for judicial review (Pumpkin Center rezoning)", "court": "Columbia County Superior Court; appeal to Georgia Court of Appeals", "filed": "2026-02-25", "status": "appealed", "summary": "Petition alleging procedural defects, incomplete analysis and conflicts with the county's comprehensive plan was dismissed with prejudice on March 25, 2026, and the petitioner filed a notice of appeal in April 2026.", "source": "s7", "quote": "Those petitions alleged issues including procedural defects, incomplete analysis and conflicts with the county's comprehensive plan." } ], "issues": [ "Residents raised health concerns about diesel generator emissions, noise and water use (s5)", "Greenpoint neighborhood residents say they bought homes expecting nearby shopping and restaurants under earlier development plans (s3)", "A resident's petition alleged the rezoning was approved despite an incomplete Development of Regional Impact review (s6)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Data center project proposed along Appling Harlem Road", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/data-center-project-proposed-along-appling-harlem-road/", "date": "2025-12-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Three proposals for data centers in Columbia County, Georgia, meet stiff opposition", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/three-proposals-for-data-centers-in-columbia-county-georgia-meet-stiff-opposition/", "date": "2026-01-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Columbia County data centers recommended for approval despite residents' concerns", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/01/15/residents-express-concerns-over-pumpkin-center-byrd-farm-proposals/", "date": "2026-01-14", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Columbia County approves 2 data centers, rejects 1", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/04/columbia-co-passes-one-data-center-others-be-voted/", "date": "2026-02-03", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Columbia County passes two out of three rezonings for data center requests amid persistent opposition", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-passes-two-out-of-three-rezonings-for-data-center-requests-amid-persistent-opposition/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Citizen files lawsuits over Columbia County data centers", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/26/citizen-files-lawsuits-over-columbia-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Citizen appeals dismissals of Columbia County data center rezoning lawsuits", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/04/16/citizen-appeals-dismissals-columbia-county-data-center-rezoning-lawsuits/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "2 more data centers now being proposed in Columbia County", "publisher": "WALB", "url": "https://www.walb.com/2025/12/17/2-more-data-centers-now-being-proposed-columbia-county/", "date": "2025-12-17", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "aws-salem-township-susquehanna-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/aws-salem-township-susquehanna-pa", "name": "Salem Township Innovation Campus", "aka": [ "Cumulus data center campus", "Amazon Susquehanna campus" ], "city": "Salem Township", "county": "Luzerne County", "state": "PA", "lat": 41.2459, "lng": -75.8813, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "Amazon lists the campus as under active construction since October 2025; commissioning dates not yet set", "developer": "Amazon Web Services", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Amazon is building a campus on 1,200 acres next to the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station nuclear plant. Amazon expects the campus to hold 20 data centers and support about 1,000 permanent jobs when fully built. Talen Energy has a 1,920-MW power purchase agreement with AWS running through 2042. Construction started in October 2025.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 1200, "unit": "acres", "source": "s1", "quote": "1,200 acres" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 20, "note": "data centers anticipated at full build-out", "source": "s1", "quote": "When fully constructed, Amazon anticipates that the campus will contain 20 data centers" }, { "field": "jobs_permanent", "value": 1000, "note": "approximately", "source": "s1", "quote": "support approximately 1,000 permanent jobs" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 20000000000, "note": "at least; statewide Pennsylvania commitment that also covers the Falls Township campus", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is planning to invest at least $20 billion" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Susquehanna nuclear plant via a 1,920-MW Talen Energy power purchase agreement running through 2042", "source": "s4", "quote": "Talen Energy has entered into a 1,920-MW power purchase agreement with Amazon Web Services to supply data centers in Pennsylvania from the independent power producer's majority-owned Susquehanna nuclear power plant." }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PPL Electric Utilities (transmission and delivery); Talen Energy as retail power supplier", "source": "s4", "quote": "Talen will act as the retail power supplier to AWS, and PPL Electric Utilities will be responsible for transmission and delivery." }, { "field": "grid_operator", "value": "PJM", "source": "s6", "quote": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172" }, { "field": "utility_docket", "value": "FERC Docket ER24-2172 (amended Susquehanna interconnection service agreement)", "source": "s6", "quote": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172" }, { "field": "water_source", "value": "Susquehanna River, via Talen Energy's existing infrastructure and withdrawal docket", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon is working alongside Talen Energy to source water Talen's existing infrastructure and withdrawal docket from the Susquehanna River" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Outside-air cooling most of the year; water-based cooling less than 2% of the year", "source": "s1", "quote": "Amazon expects to use outside cooling for most of the year and only use water-based cooling for less than 2% of the year" } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Amazon buys the Cumulus data center campus from Talen Energy for $650 million", "source": "s3", "quote": "In March 2024, Amazon kicked off the development by purchasing the Cumulus Data center campus from Talen Energy for $650 million." }, { "date": "2024-11-01", "event": "FERC rejects an amended interconnection agreement that would have raised the behind-the-meter connection to 480 MW from 300 MW", "source": "s5", "quote": "increased the behind-the-meter connection between the power plant and the co-located data center to 480 MW from 300 MW in the existing ISA" }, { "date": "2025-06-09", "event": "Amazon announces at least $20 billion for data center complexes in Pennsylvania, including the Salem Township site", "source": "s2", "quote": "at least $20 billion in the construction of multiple data center complexes" }, { "date": "2025-06-11", "event": "Talen and AWS sign a 1,920-MW PPA; the existing 300-MW co-location arrangement moves to a front-of-the-meter framework", "source": "s4", "quote": "Under the PPA, Talen's existing 300-MW co-location arrangement with AWS will shift to a 'front of the meter' framework that doesn't require Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Construction starts", "source": "s1", "quote": "October 2025 Construction Starts" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Salem Township Innovation Campus - Amazon Innovation Campuses in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "Amazon", "url": "https://www.amazoninnovationinpa.com/salem-township-innovation-campus/", "date": "2026-09-08", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Amazon will spend $20 billion to build two data centers in Pennsylvania", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/business/amazon-data-centers-pennsylvania-20250609.html", "date": "2025-06-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Developers tout impacts of 3 data center campuses; Zoning meeting set for Wednesday on 4-3 Glenbrook Group project", "publisher": "Times Leader", "url": "https://www.timesleader.com/news/1752841/developers-tout-impacts-of-3-data-center-campuses-zoning-meeting-set-for-wednesday-on-4-3-glenbrook-group-project", "date": "2026-08-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Talen to sell Amazon 1.9 GW from Susquehanna nuclear plant", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/talen-amazon-aws-susquehanna-nuclear-data-centert/750440/", "date": "2025-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "FERC rejects interconnection pact for Talen-Amazon data center deal at nuclear plant", "publisher": "Utility Dive", "url": "https://www.utilitydive.com/news/ferc-interconnection-isa-talen-amazon-data-center-susquehanna-exelon/731841/", "date": "2024-11-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Chairman Phillips' Dissent in PJM's Susquehanna Co-Location Proposal, ER24-2172", "publisher": "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission", "url": "https://www.ferc.gov/news-events/news/chairman-phillips-dissent-pjms-susquehanna-co-location-proposal-er24-2172", "date": "2024-11-01", "type": "government" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "sentinel-green-fig-east-whiteland-pa", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/sentinel-green-fig-east-whiteland-pa", "name": "Sentinel / Green Fig Data Center", "aka": [ "East Whiteland Data Center", "Project Forge PA" ], "city": "Malvern", "county": "Chester County", "state": "PA", "lat": 40.0362, "lng": -75.5138, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "paused", "statusNote": "Township stop-work order issued Aug. 26, 2026 pending Aqua water 'will serve' confirmation", "developer": "Green Fig LLC and Sentinel Data Centers", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Green Fig LLC and Sentinel Data Centers plan a 1.5 million-square-foot data center at 13 S. Bacton Hill Road in East Whiteland Township, on 79 acres of the former Foote Mineral Co. Superfund site. The project holds 2018 zoning and 2024 land development approvals, which a county judge upheld in June 2026, but construction has been halted twice by township stop-work orders. The township is also pursuing a municipal curative zoning amendment on data centers.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 1500000, "note": "two buildings of about 772,000 sq ft each as approved; developers briefly offered a 536,000 sq ft air-cooled alternative, then withdrew it", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 79, "unit": "acres", "source": "s4" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 2, "source": "s3" }, { "field": "utility", "value": "PECO (electric); Aqua (water)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "parcel", "value": "13 South Bacton Hill Road, near the intersection of Swedesford Road and South Bacton Hill Road, adjacent to the PECO Planebrook Substation", "source": "s7", "quote": "The site is located at 13 South Bacton Hill Road, near the intersection of Swedesford Road and South Bacton Hill Road adjacent to the PECO Planebrook Substation." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Diesel standby generators", "source": "s7", "quote": "Your responses also indicated that the proposed reuse will involve the use of materials including diesel for standby generators, oils/refrigerants, and batteries." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2018-02-26", "event": "Zoning Hearing Board decision permits data center use", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-06-12", "event": "Board of Supervisors grants preliminary land development approval (Resolution 26-2024).", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2024-08-14", "event": "Board of Supervisors grants final land development approval (Resolution 30-2024)", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-03-31", "event": "Board of Supervisors votes unanimously to begin a curative amendment process for data center zoning, which does not affect this pending project.", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "event": "Chester County judge denies residents' appeals of project approvals", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-07", "event": "Township issues first stop-work order over soil and health/safety plans; work resumes by end of July", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-03", "event": "Developers withdraw offer to downsize to 536,000 sq ft and switch to air chillers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Township issues second stop-work order pending Aqua confirmation of water availability", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [ { "date": "2026-09-24", "body": "East Whiteland Township Board of Supervisors", "description": "Hearing to consider adoption of data center zoning ordinance amendment (municipal curative amendment)", "source": "s6" } ], "cases": [ { "name": "Residents' land use appeals of Sentinel/Green Fig approvals (2018 zoning hearing board decision and 2024 final land development approval)", "court": "Chester County Court of Common Pleas", "filed": null, "status": "dismissed", "summary": "Judge Anthony Verwey quashed/denied two appeals by nearby residents challenging the 2018 zoning permit and the 2024 land development approval.", "source": "s2", "quote": "Calling it \"frivolous,\" a Chester County judge on Thursday quashed a land use appeal seeking to halt the construction of a 1.5 million-square-foot data center proposed for East Whiteland Township. It's the second time this week Court of Common Pleas Judge Anthony Verwey has denied appeals challenging approvals" } ], "issues": [ "Residents object to building on the Foote Mineral Superfund site, contaminated with lithium, arsenic, hexavalent chromium and low-level radiation (s4)", "Neighbors in Malvern Hunt cite proximity to homes and the Chester Valley Trail (s2)", "Township requires confirmation that sufficient water is committed to the project (s3, s5)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Sentinel, Green Fig Data Center on Swedesford Road", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://www.eastwhiteland.org/government/departments/planning_development/sentinel,_green_fig_data_center_on_swedesford_road.php", "date": "2026-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Judge denies challenges to a 1.5 million-square-foot East Whiteland data center project", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-judge-denial-challenges-20260611.html", "date": "2026-06-11", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "The controversial East Whiteland data center project has been issued its second stop-work order", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-superfund-stop-work-20260827.html", "date": "2026-08-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "East Whiteland Data Center Construction Halted Over Superfund Site Concerns", "publisher": "VISTA Today", "url": "https://vista.today/2026/08/east-whiteland-data-center-superfund-site/", "date": "2026-08-01", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "East Whiteland Halts Data Center Work Over Water Approval", "publisher": "MyChesCo", "url": "https://www.mychesco.com/a/news/government/east-whiteland-halts-data-center-work-over-water-approval/", "date": "2026-08-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Cure Timeline Updated", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/eastwhitelandtownshippa/Planning%20&%20Development/Ordinance/Cure_Timeline_Updated%20.pdf", "date": "2026-09", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "FAQ from the East Whiteland Township Board of Supervisors Regarding the Sentinel, Green Fig Data Center", "publisher": "East Whiteland Township", "url": "https://cms2.revize.com/revize/eastwhitelandtownshippa/Planning%20&%20Development/Website%20Short%20FAQ%202024%20plan%20(004)(3974869.1).pdf", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "East Whiteland will revise its data center zoning ordinance, as the public pushes back on a 1.6 million-square-foot proposal", "publisher": "The Philadelphia Inquirer", "url": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pennsylvania/east-whiteland-data-center-zoning-20260401.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-04-01" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "spring-valley-technology-park-loudoun-county-va", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/spring-valley-technology-park-loudoun-county-va", "name": "Spring Valley Technology Park", "aka": [ "LEGI-2024-0074" ], "city": null, "county": "Loudoun County", "state": "VA", "lat": 39.09, "lng": -77.64, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "proposed", "statusNote": "Planning Commission recommended denial 5-0 on 2026-07-23; awaits Board of Supervisors decision (date TBD). Board directed a 12-month pause on new applications Sept 2026", "developer": "Active Infrastructure", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Active Infrastructure seeks to rezone about 325 acres on Evergreen Mills Road near Beaverdam Reservoir, south of Leesburg, for a data center campus of about 3.25 million sq ft with three substations and on-site fuel cell power. The Planning Commission unanimously recommended denial in July 2026, citing scale, policy-area fit and impacts on the reservoir and nearby homes. The application now goes to the Board of Supervisors, which in September 2026 also directed staff to draft a 12-month pause on new data center applications.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 3250000, "note": "per Loudoun Now/DCD; Loudoun Times reports 3.84M sq ft; earlier plans up to 3.5M sq ft", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 325, "note": "earlier plans cited 362 acres", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "buildings", "value": 12, "note": "Loudoun Times and DCD report 12; Loudoun Now reports 10", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "power_source", "value": "Natural gas-powered hydrogen fuel cells with battery storage, plus three on-site substations", "source": "s5" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoning of 325 acres from Transitional Residential-10 (TR-10) to Industrial Park requested", "source": "s9", "quote": "The application, brought forward by Active Infrastructure, is seeking to rezone 325 acres from Transitional Residential – 10 to Industrial Park, allowing construction of 10 data center buildings, three substations, and a backup power storage facility." }, { "field": "backup_generators", "value": "Tier 4 generators enclosed on six sides (applicant commitment)", "source": "s9", "quote": "Those include committing to Tier 4 generators, which produce fewer emissions than standard Tier 2 generators; enclosing generators on six sides to reduce noise;" }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Air-cooling technology (applicant commitment)", "source": "s9", "quote": "committing to water quality controls and air-cooling technology; and providing significant buffering, open space and dark-sky lighting." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2024-10-28", "event": "Active Infrastructure plans 3.5M sq ft fuel-cell-powered campus on Evergreen Mills Road", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Planning Commission votes 5-0 to recommend denial, following staff recommendation", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-09-15", "event": "Board of Supervisors votes 7-1-1 to have staff draft a resolution pausing new data center applications for 12 months; final vote expected in October", "source": "s7" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Planning Commission cited scale and incompatibility with policy area, and impacts on neighborhoods and Beaverdam Reservoir (s1)", "Residents and conservation groups raised water, air quality, noise, forest loss and Goose Creek concerns (s1, s5)", "Site includes a Spring Valley subdivision, a circa-1880 home and a family cemetery (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Planning Commission recommends denying 12-building data center campus near Beaverdam Reservoir", "publisher": "Loudoun Times-Mirror", "url": "https://www.loudountimes.com/news/business_and_economy/real_estate_and_development/planning-commission-recommends-denying-12-building-data-center-campus-near-beaverdam-reservoir/article_5311d986-1b04-4b4f-a6b6-59db86636233.html", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Active Infrastructure Eyes 3M Square Feet of Data Centers Along Evergreen Mills", "publisher": "Loudoun Now", "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/active-infrastructure-eyes-3m-square-feet-of-data-centers-along-evergreen-mills/article_6cfbeb62-2e1f-491a-8fe0-8b23736a9c38.html", "date": "2026-07-22", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Loudoun Updates: Are Data Centers in Loudoun County Finally at a Tipping Point?", "publisher": "Piedmont Environmental Council", "url": "https://www.pecva.org/region/loudoun/loudoun-updates-are-data-centers-in-loudoun-county-finally-at-a-tipping-point/", "date": "2026-09-09", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Active Infrastructure looks to develop hydrogen-powered data center in Leesburg, Virginia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/active-infrastructure-looks-to-develop-hydrogen-powered-data-center-in-leesburg-virginia/", "date": "2024-10-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Spring Valley Technology Park", "publisher": "Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy", "url": "https://loudounwildlife.org/2026/01/spring-valley-technology-park/", "date": "2026-07-30", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Loudoun County board pauses data center applications", "publisher": "NBC4 Washington", "url": "https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/northern-virginia/loudoun-county-board-pauses-data-center-applications/4155005/", "date": "2026-09-15", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Loudoun County votes to pause new data center applications", "publisher": "WJLA", "url": "https://wjla.com/news/local/loudoun-county-data-centers-development-applications-board-supervisors-pause-northern-virginia-regulations-leesburg-catoctin-grid-reliability-dominion-energy-merger-power-lines-laws", "date": "2026-09-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Loudoun County considering moratorium on new data center applications, rejects 3.25 million sq ft campus", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/loudoun-county-considering-moratorium-on-new-data-center-applications-rejects-325-million-sq-ft-campus/", "date": "2026-07-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Loudoun Planning Commission Rejects 3M-Square-Foot Data Center Campus", "publisher": "Loudoun Now", "url": "https://www.loudounnow.com/news/loudoun-planning-commission-rejects-3m-square-foot-data-center-campus/article_35f01dc9-af58-4afb-a364-e93b96b50e43.html", "type": "news", "date": "2026-07-24" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "stargate-lordstown-oh", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/stargate-lordstown-oh", "name": "Stargate Lordstown", "aka": [ "SoftBank Lordstown data center" ], "city": "Lordstown", "county": "Trumbull County", "state": "OH", "lat": 41.1656, "lng": -80.8576, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "under_construction", "statusNote": "SoftBank reported breaking ground in 2025; an April 2026 satellite review found land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible", "developer": "SoftBank Group (Crescent Dune LLC)", "endUsers": [ "OpenAI" ], "summary": "OpenAI named Lordstown as a Stargate site, saying SoftBank has broken ground there on an advanced data center at the former General Motors plant. SoftBank affiliate Crescent Dune LLC took title to the complex in 2025, and crews began site preparation along Hallock Young Road in October 2025. An April 2026 review by Epoch AI found land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible.", "facts": [ { "field": "completion_target", "value": "Operational in 2026 (company-stated in September 2025)", "source": "s1", "quote": "One site is located in Lordstown, Ohio, where SoftBank has broken ground on an advanced data center design which is on track to be operational next year." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-09", "event": "SoftBank affiliate Crescent Dune LLC takes title to the former GM complex and nearly 600 acres", "source": "s2", "quote": "Crescent Dune LLC, an affiliate of SoftBank Group Corp., has officially taken title to a former General Motors assembly complex here along with nearly 600 acres" }, { "date": "2025-09-23", "event": "OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank name Lordstown as a Stargate site where SoftBank has broken ground on a data center", "source": "s1", "quote": "One site is located in Lordstown, Ohio, where SoftBank has broken ground on an advanced data center design which is on track to be operational next year." }, { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Crews begin site preparation along Hallock Young Road", "source": "s3", "quote": "Backhoes earlier this month unearthed portions of the plant's massive parking lot on the northwest side along Hallock Young Road, and crews were working Monday to dismantle a solar array that was once visible in front of the plant's former paint facility." }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "Epoch AI review reports land cleared but no large-scale data center construction visible", "source": "s4", "quote": "Some land has been cleared, but no large-scale data center construction is visible." } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Epoch AI describes the site as primarily a manufacturing facility for AI servers and data center equipment run by a SoftBank-Foxconn joint venture (s4)", "Epoch AI notes a ban on future data centers in Lordstown (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "OpenAI, Oracle, and SoftBank expand Stargate with five new AI data center sites", "publisher": "OpenAI", "url": "https://openai.com/index/five-new-stargate-sites/", "date": "2025-09-23", "type": "company" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "SoftBank Affiliate Takes Title to Lordstown Plant", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/softbank-affiliate-takes-title-to-lordstown-plant/", "date": "2025-09-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Preparation Work Begins on Lordstown Data Center", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/preparation-work-begins-on-lordstown-data-center/", "date": "2025-10-28", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "OpenAI Stargate: where the US sites stand", "publisher": "Epoch AI", "url": "https://epoch.ai/publications/openai-stargate-where-the-us-sites-stand", "date": "2026-04-17", "type": "other" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Lordstown part of mammoth $500 billion artificial intelligence data center project", "publisher": "WFMJ", "url": "https://www.wfmj.com/archives/lordstown-part-of-mammoth-500-billion-artificial-intelligence-data-center-project/article_b5202814-909a-5807-b0df-b7a8197e3390.html", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Lordstown Data Center to be Operational Next Year", "publisher": "The Business Journal (Youngstown)", "url": "https://businessjournaldaily.com/lordstown-data-center-to-be-operational-next-year/", "date": "2025-09-24", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "west-sedgwick-county-ks", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/west-sedgwick-county-ks", "name": "West Sedgwick County data center land acquisitions", "aka": [ "Colwich/Andale data center", "Garden Plain data center" ], "city": null, "county": "Sedgwick County", "state": "KS", "lat": 37.68, "lng": -97.46, "coordPrecision": "county", "status": "rumored", "statusNote": "No application on file; county interim development control (moratorium) on data center applications extended through 2026-12-24 while zoning rules are drafted", "developer": "Monarch Energy; NextEra Energy (separate land deals)", "endUsers": [], "summary": "Two companies are trying to buy more than 1,000 acres of farmland in western Sedgwick County for data centers. KMUW reports Monarch Energy is acquiring 300+ acres near Colwich and Andale and NextEra Energy holds options on about 800 acres near Garden Plain. The county has no data center applications on file and has paused applications since January 2026 while it writes zoning rules, most recently extending the pause to December 24, 2026.", "facts": [ { "field": "acres", "value": 300, "note": "Monarch Energy, 300+ acres between 215th West and 183rd West off 53rd North (Colwich/Andale area)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 800, "note": "NextEra Energy, ~800 acres under 3-year option agreements between 311th and 279th West off 21st Street North (Garden Plain area)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Kansas SB 98 (effective 2025-07-01) provides a 20-year state/local tax exemption for data centers", "source": "s3" }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "No data center zoning applications filed as of March 2026; the Wichita-Sedgwick County unified zoning code did not define or regulate data centers", "source": "s1", "quote": "Sedgwick County officials say they don't have details about potential projects. They haven't received any zoning applications for data center developments." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2026-01-14", "event": "County Commission adopts 90-day interim development control on data center applications", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-23", "event": "Senate Majority Leader Chase Blasi asks county for a three-year moratorium", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-12", "event": "County holds listening town hall on data centers", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-03-16", "event": "KMUW reports Monarch Energy and NextEra Energy are pursuing 1,000+ acres in western Sedgwick County", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2026-05", "event": "Commission unanimously extends interim control through 2026-09-11", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-09-02", "event": "Commission extends interim control through 2026-12-24 to finalize zoning rules", "source": "s5" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Residents cited non-disclosure agreements, farmland loss, water (Equus Beds aquifer) and power infrastructure strain (s1)", "Sedgwick County Farm Bureau raised concerns about grid, roads, drainage and emergency services (s4)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Two data center companies are trying to buy more than 1,000 acres of Sedgwick County land", "publisher": "KMUW", "url": "https://www.kmuw.org/local-news/2026-03-16/two-data-center-companies-are-trying-to-buy-more-than-1-000-acres-of-sedgwick-county-land", "date": "2026-03-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Sedgwick County's data center ban continues as commissioners approve second extension", "publisher": "KMUW", "url": "https://www.kmuw.org/2026-05-07/sedgwick-countys-data-center-ban-continues-as-commissioners-approve-second-extension", "date": "2026-05-07", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Sedgwick County Schedules Data Center Town Halls", "publisher": "Sedgwick County", "url": "https://www.sedgwickcounty.org/communications/news-releases/sedgwick-county-schedules-data-center-town-halls/", "date": "2026-02-25", "type": "government" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Kansas lawmaker asks for three year pause on Sedgwick County data centers", "publisher": "KWCH", "url": "https://www.kwch.com/2026/02/24/kansas-lawmakers-ask-three-year-pause-sedgwick-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-23", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Sedgwick County extends pause on data center applications through Dec. 24", "publisher": "KWCH", "url": "https://www.kwch.com/2026/09/02/sedgwick-county-extends-pause-data-center-applications/", "date": "2026-09-02", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" }, { "slug": "white-oak-technology-park-appling-ga", "url": "https://datacentercensus.com/dc/white-oak-technology-park-appling-ga", "name": "White Oak Technology Park", "aka": [ "White Oak Business Park data center" ], "city": "Appling", "county": "Columbia County", "state": "GA", "lat": 33.55, "lng": -82.32, "coordPrecision": "town", "status": "approved", "statusNote": "Data center (D-C) rezoning approved Feb 2026; resident's suit dismissed March 2026, appeal filed with Georgia Court of Appeals April 2026", "developer": "Trammell Crow Company", "endUsers": [ "Google" ], "summary": "White Oak Technology Park is a planned data center and technology campus next to the White Oak Business Park in Appling, Columbia County, outside Augusta. A 2025 regional impact filing described about 8 million sq ft of data centers on roughly 1,900 acres, with Trammell Crow Company as developer. In July 2026 the county’s Economic Development Authority named Google as the sole end user and operator, and in August 2026 it approved a memorandum of understanding for a $17 billion Google investment in the county’s data center project. Resident Gregory Guido Jr. sued over the February 2026 rezoning and a parallel Pumpkin Center data center rezoning; Superior Court dismissed both suits in March 2026, and he appealed to the Georgia Court of Appeals.", "facts": [ { "field": "sqft", "value": 8004000, "note": "data center space in DRI filing (8.076M sq ft total campus)", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "acres", "value": 1900, "note": "adjacent land proposed for rezoning in 2025 DRI filing", "source": "s1" }, { "field": "water_gpd", "value": 6500000, "note": "worst-case water demand, with nearly 4M gpd to sewer, as reported", "source": "s2" }, { "field": "investment_usd", "value": 17000000000, "unit": "USD", "note": "'At least $17 billion' under EDA memorandum with Kinetic Infrastructure Solutions (Alphabet subsidiary)", "source": "s9", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County approved the agreement for the project, representing a commitment of at least $17 billion — one of the largest private investments in county history." }, { "field": "tax_incentive", "value": "Bond-for-title financing through the Economic Development Authority of Columbia County; bonds non-recourse to the authority and county", "source": "s9", "quote": "The financing uses a bond-for-title structure long established in Georgia." }, { "field": "cooling", "value": "Closed-loop cooling required under Data Center zoning district", "source": "s9", "quote": "It includes 500-foot residential buffers, a 65-decibel noise limit, closed-loop cooling, a ban on private wells, full-cutoff lighting and a decommissioning requirement, according to the authority." }, { "field": "nearest_residence", "value": "Data Center zoning district requires 500-foot residential buffers", "source": "s9", "quote": "It includes 500-foot residential buffers, a 65-decibel noise limit, closed-loop cooling, a ban on private wells, full-cutoff lighting and a decommissioning requirement, according to the authority." }, { "field": "zoning", "value": "Rezoned from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C); one 37-acre tract at 0 Morris Callaway Road remanded to the Planning Commission over a parcel-number advertising error", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County's (EDACC) request to rezone the White Oak Tech Park property from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C) passed through unanimously." }, { "field": "local_vote", "value": "Columbia County Board of Commissioners unanimously approved the S-1 to D-C rezoning (meeting reported Feb. 5, 2026)", "source": "s3", "quote": "The Economic Development Authority of Columbia County's (EDACC) request to rezone the White Oak Tech Park property from Special (S-1) to Data Center (D-C) passed through unanimously." } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "2025-04-09", "event": "DRI filed for 8M sq ft data center and technology park", "source": "s1" }, { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Initial rezoning vote", "source": "s2" }, { "date": "2026-02", "event": "Board of Commissioners unanimously approves D-C data center rezoning with 65 dB noise cap; also approves Pumpkin Center, rejects Byrd Farms", "source": "s3" }, { "date": "2026-02-25", "event": "Gregory P. Guido Jr. files judicial review petitions challenging White Oak and Pumpkin Center rezonings", "source": "s4" }, { "date": "2026-03-25", "event": "Columbia County Superior Court dismissal orders filed (White Oak order signed March 19)", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "Guido files notices of appeal to Georgia Court of Appeals", "source": "s5" }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "Columbia County Economic Development Authority announces Google as sole end user and operator of the data center project", "source": "s8" }, { "date": "2026-08", "event": "Economic Development Authority of Columbia County approves a memorandum of understanding for a $17 billion data center investment by Kinetic Infrastructure Solutions, an Alphabet subsidiary; county says Google will pay $40 million a year for seven years", "source": "s9" } ], "hearings": [], "cases": [], "issues": [ "Suit alleges procedural defects, incomplete water/sewer and traffic analysis, and conflict with the comprehensive plan (s4)", "Observers questioned transparency and lack of an identified end user (s2)", "County officials project about $118 million in annual tax revenue at full build-out (s2)" ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Plans filed for 8 million sq ft data center and technology park outside Augusta, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/plans-filed-for-8-million-sq-ft-data-center-and-technology-park-outside-augusta-georgia/", "date": "2025-04-09", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Columbia County observer questions White Oak Technology Park and transparency", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-observer-questions-white-oak-technology-park-and-transparency/", "date": "2025-10-27", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Columbia County passes two out of three rezonings for data center requests amid persistent opposition", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/columbia-county-passes-two-out-of-three-rezonings-for-data-center-requests-amid-persistent-opposition/", "date": "2026-02-05", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Citizen files lawsuits over Columbia County data centers", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/26/citizen-files-lawsuits-over-columbia-county-data-centers/", "date": "2026-02-26", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s5", "title": "Citizen appeals dismissals of Columbia County data center rezoning lawsuits", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/04/16/citizen-appeals-dismissals-columbia-county-data-center-rezoning-lawsuits/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s6", "title": "Appeals filed in Columbia County data centers, quarry zoning cases", "publisher": "The Augusta Press", "url": "https://theaugustapress.com/appeals-filed-for-lawsuits-against-columbia-county-legal-efforts-countering-data-centers-continue/", "date": "2026-04-16", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s7", "title": "Columbia Co. data centers get zoning approval, face additional steps before construction", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/02/04/columbia-co-data-centers-get-zoning-approval-face-additional-steps-before-construction/", "date": "2026-02-04", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s8", "title": "Google announced as end user of 8 million sq ft data center in Columbia, Georgia", "publisher": "DatacenterDynamics", "url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/google-announced-as-end-user-of-8-million-sq-ft-data-center-in-columbia-georgia/", "date": "2026-07-24", "type": "news" }, { "id": "s9", "title": "Columbia County advances $17 billion data center deal", "publisher": "WRDW", "url": "https://www.wrdw.com/2026/08/26/columbia-county-advances-17-billion-data-center-deal/", "date": "2026-08-26", "type": "news" } ], "lastVerified": "2026-09-22" } ] }